i
|
|
|
|
Translingual
Etymology 1
Lower case variation of upper case I, from Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “Iota”).
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter I): Íí Ìì Ĭĭ Îî Ǐǐ Ïï Ḯḯ Ĩĩ Įį Īī Ỉỉ Ȉȉ Ȋȋ Ịị Ḭḭ Ɨɨɨ̆ ᵻ ᶖ İi Iı ɪ Ii fi ffi IJij IJij
- (Letters using dot sign): Ȧȧ Ạạ Ặặ Ậậ Ǡǡ Ḃḃ Ḅḅ Ċċ Ḋḋ Ḍḍ Ėė Ẹẹ Ḟḟ Ġġ Ḣḣ Ḥḥ Ii İi Iı Ịị Ḳḳ Ḷḷ Ṁṁ Ṃṃ Ṅṅ Ṇṇ Ȯȯ Ọọ Ợợ Ṗṗ Ṙṙ Ṛṛ Ṡṡ Ṣṣ ẛ Ṫṫ Ṭṭ Ụụ Ựự Ṿṿ Ẇẇ Ẉẉ Ẋẋ Ẏẏ Ỵỵ Żż Ẓẓ
Derived symbols
Similar and related symbols
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
Symbol
i
- (mathematics, often in italics or bold) The imaginary unit; a fixed square root of -1. Graphically, is shown on the vertical (y-axis) plane.
- Synonym: j
- a+bi with a is real part and b is imaginary part
- (engineering, often in bold) The current flow in an electric circuit, frequently measured in amperes.
- v=ir (Ohm's Law)
- (mathematics, programming) A common variable name representing a generic index, especially in loops.
- Synonym: j
- (IPA, romanization) a close front unrounded vowel.
- (superscript ⟨ⁱ⟩, IPA) [i]-coloring, an [i] on-glide or off-glide (a diphthong), or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [i].
- (international standards) transliterates Indic इ (or equivalent).
- (financial mathematics) annual effective interest rate
Etymology 3
Lower case form of upper case Roman numeral I, apparently derived from the shape of a notch scored across a tally stick.
See also
- Next: ii (2)
- Roman numerals
Gallery
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of I, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase I in Fraktur
See also
The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s): Character=I9Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of I:
|
English
Pronunciation
Letter
Usage notes
The English letter i represents many different sounds, often the diphthong /aɪ/ (from Middle English /iː/), as in the pronoun I, or /ɪ/ as in bit.
See also
Number
i (lower case, upper case I)
Noun
i (plural ies)
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Translations
See also
Etymology 2
From Old English iċ.
Pronoun
i
- (nonstandard) Alternative letter-case form of I
- 1762, Benj[amin] Stillingfleet, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Natural History, Husbandry, and Physick. To Which Is Added the Calendar of Flora., 2nd edition, London: […] R. and J. Dodsley, […]; S. Baker, […]; and T. Payne, […], pages 30 and 32:
- Here follow ſome few lines in the original, which not underſtanding i have omitted. […] Laſtly that amidſt ſo many viciſſitudes of fortune, to which I have been expoſed, amongſt all the goods, i ſay, and evils, the joyfull and gloomy, the pleaſing, and diſagreeable circumſtances of life, thou endowedſt me with an equal, conſtant, manly, and ſuperior ſpirit on every occaſion.
Usage notes
- Also used in instant messaging due to limitations of entering capitals on a mobile phone's keypad.
- Sometimes to indicate informality, primarily in typed media
Etymology 3
Abbreviations.
- (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨i⟩
- (stenoscript) the long vowel /aɪ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written.)
- (stenoscript) the words if, is, it, its
Acehnese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [i]
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Adangme
Albanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [i]
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
Preposition
i m
- masculine singular preposition
- of (+ dative)
- Fisi i Malësorëve. ― The tribe of Highlanders.
- Fisi i Malësorëvet. ― The tribe of the Highlanders.
Article
i m
- masculine singular nominative adjectival article
- the
- Shkurt. I shkurt. I shkurti. ― Short. Short one. The short one. or Short. Shorty. The shorty.
- Madh. I madhi zot. / Zoti i madh. ― Great. The great god.
See also
See Appendix:Albanian adjectival articles for other forms.
Anambé
Further reading
- Paul Ehrenreich, Materialien zur Sprachenkunde Brasiliens IV: Vocabulare der Guajajara und Anambē (Para) (1895) (i)
- Wolf Dietrich, Correspondências fonológicas e lexicais entre Karitiána (Arikém, Tupí) e Tupí-Guaraní (y)
Araweté
References
- Eliete de Jesus Bararuá Solano, Descrição gramatical da Língua Araweté, page 80, 2009
Aruá
References
- Čestmír Loukotka, Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes Sud Américains, JSAP 52: 7-60 (1963), page 44
Bavarian
Alternative forms
- y (Niederbayerisch)
Etymology
From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Cognates include German ich and Yiddish איך (ikh).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i(ː)/, (stressed) [iː], (unstressed) [ɪ], [e]
Pronoun
i
- I
- 2013, “I halts nit aus [I can't endure it]”, performed by Hannah:
- I halts nit aus, des Scheißgefühl, i kann di doch liaben wann und wo i will!
- I can't endure this shitty feeling, I can, after all, love you when and where I want!
See also
nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
Bislama
Bourguignon
Alternative forms
- je (rare)
Etymology
From Old French je, from Vulgar Latin eo, from Latin ego. Near cognates include Franc-Comtois i and standard French je.
Related terms
See Appendix:Bourguignon personal pronouns.
Cameroon Pidgin
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Pronoun
i
- 3rd person singular subject personal pronoun
Catalan
Pronunciation
This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready. |
- Homophone: hi
- Rhymes: -i
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old Catalan e.
Conjunction
i
- and; used to connect two similar words, phrases, sentences, etc.; as well as; together with; in addition to
- Hi ha moltes colomes i teuladins. ― There are many pigeons and sparrows.
- Ella escriu els articles i ell els il·lustra amb els seus dibuixos. ― She writes the articles and he illustrates them with his drawings.
References
- “i” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- chapter I, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “i” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “i” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cemuhî
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic *kutu.
References
- Jim Hollyman,K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, page 52, 1999
Chuukese
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik. Cognate with German ich, English I.
Inflection
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | iar |
3rd person | er, si, 'z | se |
References
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Cornish
Corsican
Article
i m pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, feminine plural e)
- the (masculine plural)
Usage notes
- Before a vowel, i turns into l'.
Usage notes
- Before a vowel, i turns into l'.
See also
References
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *i.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪ/
Audio (file)
Conjunction
i
Derived terms
Dalmatian
Dama (Sierra Leone)
Etymology
Likely cognate with Vai [script needed] (i, “you”).
Pronoun
i
Usage notes
The rememberer who glossed this word did so as "I", but Dalby proposes that this is an error, based on the Vai pronouns.
References
- Dalby, T. D. P. (1963) “The extinct language of Dama”, in Sierra Leone Language Review, volume 2, Freetown: Fourah Bay College, pages 50–54
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -i
- Homophone: I
- Rhymes: -iː
Preposition
i
- in, inside
- Indicates exponentiation.
- Tre i femte. ― Three to the power of five. (short for tre i femte potens, three in fifth power). [note that the exponent is in the ordinal form]
- for (some duration)
- Jeg har boet her i tre år. ― I have lived here for three years.
- Used to indicate a past time or period when something took place.
- Han fyldte seks år i mandags. ― He turned six years old on Monday.
- Used to indicate regular presence in a location.
- Pigen går i gymnasiet og er 17 år ― The girl goes to high school and is 17 years old.
- Used in conjunction with time to indicate a number of minutes before a full hour.
- Fem minutter i tolv. ― Five minutes to twelve.
- Used when indicating that something is happening or repeated a number of times within each time period .
- Tre gange i timen. ― Three times a day
- Indicates affiliation with a profession.
- Professor i fysik ― Professor of physics
Drehu
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
References
- Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983) Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -i
- (letter name): IPA(key): /i/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Elfdalian
Emilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
- Hyphenation: i
Related terms
Number | Person | Gender | Disjunctive (tonic) |
Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Reflexive (-self) |
Comitative (with) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | mè | a | me | mêg | ||
Second | — | tè | et | te | têg | |||
Third | Masculine | ló | al | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | lê | la | ||||||
Plural | First | Masculine | nuēter | a | se | nōsk | ||
Feminine | nuētri | |||||||
Second | Masculine | vuēter | a | ve | vōsk | |||
Feminine | vuētri | |||||||
Third | Masculine | lôr | i | ge | se | sêg | ||
Feminine | el | li |
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /i/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /i/
Audio (file)
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
Extremaduran
Fala
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese e.
Quotations
For more quotations using this term, see Citations:i.
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/
- Homophone: y
Letter
i (upper case I)
See also
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and i for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Foi
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Audio (file)
Derived terms
Fula
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈi/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [j]
Particle
i
- an antihiatical particle that, due to sandhi, can precede a word which begins with a vowel sound after a word which ends with vowel sound; now rarely represented in written language
- 1594, anonymous author, Entremés dos pastores:
- Ay Jan cata non te enfermes, nen sentencies con malicia, cata que a yalma perdes.
- Oh, Xan, watch out, don't get sick, nor sentence with meanness, watch out that your soul you're loosing
Gothic
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology 1
From Portuguese ele.
Etymology 2
From Portuguese e. Cognate with Spanish y.
Hawaiian
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *i.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Particle
i
- used to mark the following (noun or noun phrase) as a direct object
- Ua ʻai ka pōpoki i ka ʻiole. ― The cat ate the mouse.
- used to indicate past tense (precedes verb)
- I hana au. ― I worked.
- used to indicate perfect participle (precedes verb)
- i haʻalele ― having left, who had left
See also
Hokkien
For pronunciation and definitions of i – see 伊 (“he, him; she, her; it”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 伊). |
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA: [ˈi]
- (letter name): IPA: [ˈi]
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | i | i-k |
accusative | i-t | i-ket |
dative | i-nek | i-knek |
instrumental | i-vel | i-kkel |
causal-final | i-ért | i-kért |
translative | i-vé | i-kké |
terminative | i-ig | i-kig |
essive-formal | i-ként | i-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | i-ben | i-kben |
superessive | i-n | i-ken |
adessive | i-nél | i-knél |
illative | i-be | i-kbe |
sublative | i-re | i-kre |
allative | i-hez | i-khez |
elative | i-ből | i-kből |
delative | i-ről | i-kről |
ablative | i-től | i-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
i-é | i-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
i-éi | i-kéi |
Possessive forms of i | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | i-m | i-im |
2nd person sing. | i-d | i-id |
3rd person sing. | i-je | i-i |
1st person plural | i-nk | i-ink |
2nd person plural | i-tek | i-itek |
3rd person plural | i-jük | i-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- i in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ɪː/
Ido
Pronunciation
- (context pronunciation, letter name) IPA(key): /i/
Igbo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Alternative forms
- ị (retracted tongue position)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /i/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /i/, /ɪ/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: i
Conjunction
i
- and
- Miä läkkään ižoraks i soomeks. ― I speak Ingrian and Finnish.
- 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 19:
- Repo i kana.
- A fox and a hen.
Particle
i
- also, as well, too
- Mut, miä läkkään i viroks. ― But, I speak Estonian, too.
- 1885, “Sprachproben: Der goldene Vogel”, in Volmari Porkka, editor, Ueber den Ingrischen Dialekt mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen finnisch-ingermanländischen Dialekte:
- Mäni da i heittiis makkaamaa, ja makkais taas hoomuksee nasse.
- He went and threw himself to sleep, too, and he slept up till the morning again.
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 3:
- Iƶorat laatiit kansan, kumpa keelen poolest kuuluu läns-fenniläisiin kansoin gruppaa ja sil viisii i iƶoroin keeli kuuluu läns-fenniläisee keelisisteemaa.
- The Ingrians make up a people, that based on their language belongs to the group of Finnic peoples and as such the language of Ingrians also belongs to the Finnic language family.
Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Irish i, from Proto-Celtic *eni (compare Welsh yn), from Proto-Indo-European *en (compare English in, Latin in, Ancient Greek ἐν (en)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪ/
Inflection
Derived terms
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* | de mo dem* | de do ded*, det* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* | do mo dom* | do do dod*, dot* | dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* | i do id*, it* | ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* | le do led*, let* | lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* | ó mo óm* | ó do ód*, ót* | óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
See also Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (i)
Mutation
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
i | n-i | hi | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) chapter I, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Italian
Etymology 1
Reduced form of gli, from earlier li, from Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: i
Article
Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
i m pl (singular il)
Usage notes
Derived terms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈi/*
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: ì
Letter
i f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case I)
Derived terms
See also
References
- Patota, Giuseppe (2002) Lineamenti di grammatica storica dell'italiano (in Italian), Bologna: il Mulino, →ISBN, page 126
Further reading
- i in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Iu Mien
Etymology
From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔu̯i (“two”). Cognate with White Hmong ob and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] oub.
Kabyle
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Kashubian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈi/
- Syllabification: i
Etymology 1
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *i.
Alternative forms
Further reading
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) chapter I, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi, volume 1, page 515
- chapter I, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Ladino
Etymology
From Old Spanish é or e, from Latin et.
Latgalian
Etymology
Shortened from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus”), preserved as such in Latvian ir and Lithuanian ir. Not related to Proto-Slavic *i and its descendants.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈi]
- Hyphenation: i
References
- Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /iː/, [iː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i/, [iː]
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Coordinate terms
References
- i in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- i in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation 1
- IPA: [i]
(file)
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
Pronunciation 2
- IPA: [i]
Ligurian
Ligurian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | o | i |
feminine | a | e |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Livonian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA: /i/
Lower Grand Valley Dani
Pronunciation
- IPA: IPA(key): /i/
References
- H. Myron Bromley, A Grammar of Lower Grand Valley Dani (1981)
- H. Myron Bromley, The Phonology of Lower Grand Valley Dani (2013)
- The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Letter
i (upper case I)
See also
- See Template:list:Latin script letters/dsb.
- See Template:list:Latin script letter names/dsb.
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) chapter I, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) chapter I, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Lule Sami
Lushootseed
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /i/, /eɪ/
Letter
i
- The fifteenth letter of the Lushootseed alphabet, pronounced as a non-low front unrounded vowel.
Makasar
Malay
Maltese
Pronunciation
Mandinka
Maori
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *i.
Particle
i
- from
- past-tense verbal particle
- particle indicating the direct object of a transitive sentence
- past-tense particle indicating location
Middle English
Mòcheno
Etymology
From Middle High German ich, from Old High German ih, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate with German ich, English I.
Inflection
Personal pronouns | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person | i | biar |
2nd person | du | ir |
3rd person | er, si, s | sei |
References
- “i” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Mondé
References
- Čestmír Loukotka, Documents et vocabulaires inédits de langues et de dialectes Sud Américains, JSAP 52: 7-60 (1963), page 44
Navajo
Nheengatu
Pronoun
i
- (second-class) third-person singular personal pronoun (he, him, his, she, her, it, its)
- I akanhemu uikú nhaãsé i kirá uikú.
- He is scared because he is fat.
- Indé reputari repitá i irũmu.
- You want to stay with him.
- Indé remeẽ manungara i xupé.
- You give something to him.
- I manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
- His mother enters the new house.
Usage notes
- As a second-class pronoun, i is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun i is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama. Unlike other second-class pronouns, i is used when governed by the postposition supé. Finally, i is used as a possessive pronoun as well.
See also
singular | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
---|---|---|
first-person | ixé | se |
second-person | indé | ne |
third-person | aé | i |
plural | first-class pronoun | second-class pronoun |
first-person | yandé | yané |
second-person | penhẽ | pe |
third-person | aintá (or tá) | aintá (or tá) |
References
- ÁVILA, Marcel Twardowsky (2021) Proposta de dicionário nheengatu–português, page 311
- NAVARRO, Eduardo de Almeida (2016) Curso de língua geral (nheengatu ou tupi moderno): a língua das origens da civilização amazônica, 2nd edition, →ISBN, pages 11 and 104
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse í (“in”), from Proto-Germanic *in (“in, into”), from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).
Preposition
i
- (location) in, inside of
- Ligge i sengen ― Laying in bed
- Oppe i fjellene ― Up in the mountains
- (duration of time) for, in, during
- Møtet varte (i) to timer ― The meeting lasted two hours (literally, “The meeting went during two hours”)
- Han var utenlands i mange år ― He lived abroad for many years
- I høst, i vår, i dag, i går ― In autumn, in spring, today, yesterday
- (condition, state) in
- Være i fred ― To be in peace
- Være i god form ― To be in shape (physically fit)
- Leve i fattigdom ― To live in poverty
- (means, method) in
- Betale i gull ― To pay in gold.
- Gjøre noe i all hast ― To do something urgently (literally, “To do something in all haste”)
- i hemmelighet ― in secret
- pertaining to, in reference to
- I deg har jeg en sann venn. ― In you I have a true friend.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Preposition
i
Derived terms
Adverb
i
- Used together with certain verbs.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/
Pronoun
Etymology 4
From Old Norse ér, ír, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Possibly via Danish I. Compare with de.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/
Pronoun
i (objective jær or ær or ør, possessive jærs or ærs or ørs)
- (obsolete, dialectal, polite) you (second person singular)
- 1853, Ivar Aasen, Prøver af Landsmaalet i Norge (overall work in Danish), Christiania: Carl C. Werner & Co., page 2:
- men æg undras paa, at i sku kjenn' mæg; æg trur aller, at æg kjenne ør; æg tyks aller ha sett ør før.
- Though I wonder how you would know me. I don't think I know you. I don't think I've ever seen you before.
References
- “i” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- Torp, Alf (1919) chapter I, in Nynorsk etymologisk ordbok (in Norwegian Nynorsk), Kristiania: Aschehoug, page 240
- Ivar Aasen (1850) chapter I, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000
Nupe
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /i/, (after /n/ or /m/) /ĩ/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Old French
Adverb
i
- there
- c. 1155, Wace, Le Roman de Brut:
- Et grant compagnie i a d'omes
- And there is a large company of men
Descendants
- French: y
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *en (compare Welsh yn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (compare English in, Latin in, Ancient Greek ἐν (en)).
The third-person singular masculine and neuter inflected dative form and is not derived from a contraction with a pronoun. Instead, it was originally an adverb with an independent etymology. See its page for its etymology.
Preposition
i (triggers eclipsis)
- in [+dative]
- into [+accusative]
- in regard to, as to [+dative]
- as [+accusative]
For quotations using this term, see Citations:i.
Inflection
Person | Normal | Emphatic |
---|---|---|
1st person sing. | indium(m) | indiumsa |
2d person sing. | indiut | indiuts(i)u |
3d sing. masc./neut., dative | and | andsom |
3d sing. masc./neut., accusative | ind | indsom |
3d sing. fem., dative | indi | |
3d sing. fem., accusative | inte | intesi |
1st person pl. | indiunn | indiunni |
2d person pl. | indib | indibsi |
3d person pl., dative | indib | indibsom, indibsem |
3d person pl., accusative | intiu |
Combinations with the definite article:
- isin (accusative masculine/feminine singular)
- issa (accusative neuter singular)
- isin(d) (dative singular)
- isna (accusative plural)
- isnaib (dative plural)
Combinations with possessive determiners:
The form i is unchanged in combination with a relative pronoun.
Further reading
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 842, pages 518–22
Old Occitan
Adverb
i
- there
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour — Anc no gardei sazo ni mes
- E las melhors domnas i son !
- And the best women are there!
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour — Anc no gardei sazo ni mes
Descendants
- Occitan: i
Old Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *i. First attested in the 14th century.
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “i, hi”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Tupi
Alternative forms
- î (after vowels)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (atonic) /i/
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: i
Pronoun
i (2nd class, 3rd person singular and plural, dative i xupé)
Descendants
- Nheengatu: i
See also
Person | Number | Nominative Accusative |
Possessive | Dative | Objective | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subject | 1st class | 2nd class | Nonreflexive | Reflexive | 1st class | 2nd class | |||
Singular | 1st | ixé | xe | ixébe | xebe | ||||
2nd | îepé | endé | nde | endébe | ndebe | oro- | |||
Singular and Plural | 3rd | a'e | i | o | i xupé | ||||
Plural | 1st exc | oré | orébe | ||||||
1st inc | îandé | îandébe | |||||||
2nd | peîepé | peẽ | pe | peẽme | peme | opo- | |||
Indefinite | asé | asébe |
References
- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2005) Método Moderno de Tupi Antigo: a língua do Brasil dos primeiros séculos (in Portuguese), 3 edition, São Paulo: Global Editora, →ISBN
- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) chapter I, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 149, column 1
Paicî
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.
References
- Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, page 52, 1999
Papiamentu
Alternative forms
- y (alternative spelling)
Etymology
From Spanish y and Portuguese e and Kabuverdianu i.
Pijin
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈi/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) - Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: i
- Homophone: -i
Etymology 1
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish i.
Conjunction
i
- and
- Adam i Ewa tylko zjedli jabłko. ― Adam and Eve only ate an apple.
- Patrzę na nią i oczom nie wierzę. ― I look at her and can't believe my eyes.
- even
- Wychodząc i kaloryfer nam naprawił. ― Leaving he even repaired our radiator.
- I ślepa wiewiórka czasem znajdzie orzech. ― Even a blind squirrel finds an acorn sometimes.
- Ja krowy to i w telewizji nigdy nie widziałem. ― I never saw a cow, even on TV.
- also, too
- I mnie się podoba wasz wybór. ― I like your choice too.
- Czy i my? ― We too?
- so, so that
- Zmęczyłem się i nie byłem już w stanie grać w koszykówkę. ― I grew tired, so I couldn't play basketball anymore.
- Byłeś głupi, i cierp teraz. ― You were a fool, so now suffer.
- (i...i) as well as
- Polsce potrzebne są i armia, i flota. ― Poland needs an army as well as a navy.
- emphasizing particle
- I dobrze. ― Fine.
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), i is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 2473 times in scientific texts, 2409 times in news, 3061 times in essays, 2636 times in fiction, and 1806 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 12385 times, making it the 2nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “i”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 148
Further reading
- i in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- i in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) chapter I, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) chapter I, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- chapter I, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 16.09.2009
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) chapter I, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) chapter I, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), chapter I, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 71
Rapa Nui
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *i.
Particle
i
- relational particle that marks the object of a verb
Usage notes
Used in all cases except with verbs of sensing; in which case, use e.
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Article
i f sg (masculine singular o, plural e)
- the; feminine singular definite article
- i Sperànca ― Speranza
- i Rumùnia ― Romania
Usage notes
- The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.
Romanian
Etymology 1
See Translingual section.
Pronunciation
- IPA: IPA(key): /i/, /j/, /ʲ/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Usage notes
See I for notes on pronunciation.
See also
Etymology 2
From Old Church Slavonic и (i).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Usage notes
Mostly used in the context of iproci (and so on...)
Samoan
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *i.
Particle
i
- used to mark the following (noun or noun phrase) as a direct object
Sardinian
Sassarese
Etymology 2
Apocopic form of in.
Preposition
i
- Alternative form of i'
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Un cuntaddu [A tale]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 47:
- Di la ziddài natiba i lu so’ cori
diricaddu una mamma s’ammintaba
ch’era verdhi e fiuridda che giardhinu.- About the native town, in her delicate heart, a mother remembered it was as green and full of flowers as a garden.
Savi
References
- Kendall D. Decker Languages of Chitral )1992), Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, 5. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics xxii, page 185
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
See also
simple | emphatic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | |
First person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne |
Second person | thu, tu1) | sibh | thusa, tusa1) | sibhse |
Third person m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
Third person f | i | ise | ||
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh. |
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
See Translingual section.
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /i/
Letter
i (Cyrillic spelling и)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *i.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Audio (file)
Conjunction
i (Cyrillic spelling и)
- and
- Ivica i Marica se vole ― Ivica and Marica love each other.
- i tako dalje ― and so on
- (i… i…) both… and…
- ne možeš istovremeno i tužiti i suditi. ― you can't simultaneously both sue and judge
- also, too, as well
- i meni se sviđa vaš odabir ― I like your choice too
- even (usually preceded by čȁk)
- (čak) i ja sam pozvan na zabavu! ― even I have been invited to the party
- (ne sȁmo… nȅgo/vȅć i…) also, too
- on je ne samo darovit, nego i jako marljiv ― he is not only talented, but also very industrious
- so, so that (= te, pa)
- umorio sam se i nisam mogao više igrati košarku ― I grew tired, so I couldn't play basketball anymore
Sicilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Derived terms
- i greca
- i longa
Etymology 2
From the lenition of li, from the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/ (stressed)
- IPA(key): /ɪ/ (unstressed)
Usage notes
- As for other Romance languages, such as Neapolitan or Portuguese, Sicilian definite articles have undergone a consonant lenition that has led to the phonetic fall of the initial l. The use of this illiquid variant has not yet made the use of liquid variants disappear, but today it is still the prevalent use in speech and writing.
- In the case of the production of literary texts, such as singing or poetry, or of formal and institutional texts, resorting to "liquid articles" and "liquid articulated prepositions" confers greater euphony to the text, although it may sound a form of courtly recovery.
- Illiquid definite articles can be phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancini (liquid) and ârancini (illiquid).
Inflection
Sicilian articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular definite article | Feminine singular definite article | Masculine and feminine plural definite article | ||
Definite articles (liquid) | lu | la | li | |
Definite articles (illiquid) | u | a | i | |
Definite articles | nu (also: un, 'n) |
na |
Etymology 3
From the lenition of li, from the conflation of the apheresis of Latin illī and illae, both nominative plurals of ille.
Alternative forms
- li (liquid form)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/ (stressed)
- IPA(key): /ɪ/ (unstressed)
Pronoun
i m pl or f pl
Usage notes
- This pronoun can blend in contracted forms with other particles, especially other personal pronominal particles.
Silesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈi/
- Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: i
Etymology 1
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and i for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
i (lower case, upper case i)
See also
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish i.
Further reading
- i in silling.org
Silimo
References
- Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 105
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *i.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈi/
Derived terms
- i keď
Further reading
- chapter I, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
Etymology 1
From Gaj's Latin alphabet i, from Czech alphabet i, from Latin i, lower case variation of I from the Etruscan letter 𐌉 (i, “i”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ι (I, “iota”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤉 (y, “yod”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓂝.
Pronunciation
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): /ˈíː/, /ˈìː/, /ˈî/, /i/, [ˈɪ́ː], [ˈɪ̀ː], [ˈɪ̂], [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], [ˈɪ̂ː], [ˈɪ̌ː], SNPT: /ī/, /ȉ/, /i/ |
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈîː], [ˈǐː], SNPT: [ī] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í],
|
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Inflection
- Overall more common
First masculine declension (soft o-stem, inanimate) , fixed accent, -j- infix | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | i | ||
gen. sing. | i-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik |
i | i-ja | i-ji |
genitive rodȋlnik |
i-ja | i-jev | i-jev |
dative dajȃlnik |
i-ju, i-ji | i-jema | i-jem |
accusative tožȋlnik |
i | i-ja | i-je |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
i-ju, i-ji | i-jih | i-jih |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
i-jem | i-jema | i-ji |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
i | i-ja | i-ji |
- More common when with a definite adjective
Third masculine declension (no endings) , fixed accent | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | i | ||
gen. sing. | i | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik |
i | i | i |
genitive rodȋlnik |
i | i | i |
dative dajȃlnik |
i | i | i |
accusative tožȋlnik |
i | i | i |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
i | i | i |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
i | i | i |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
i | i | i |
- Dialectal, in common written language used till 19th century
First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate) , -j- infix | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | i | ||
gen. sing. | i-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative imenovȃlnik |
i | i-ja | i-ji |
genitive rodȋlnik |
i-ja | i-jov | i-jov |
dative dajȃlnik |
i-ju, i-ji | i-joma | i-jom |
accusative tožȋlnik |
i | i-ja | i-je |
locative mẹ̑stnik |
i-ju, i-ji | i-jih | i-jih |
instrumental orọ̑dnik |
i-jom | i-joma | i-ji |
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) |
i | i-ja | i-ji |
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈîː], SNPT: [ȋ] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í],
|
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
Interjection
i
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈî], SNPT: [ȉ] |
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
Interjection
i
Etymology 4
Derived from Proto-Slavic *i (“and”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *éy, an early locative singular determiner, formed from the root *h₁e-, *h₁o-. Cognates with Serbo-Croatian i, Macedonian и (i), Bulgarian и (i), Old Church Slavonic и (i), Czech i, Polish i, Kashubian ë, Slovak i, Belarusian і (i), Belarusian й (j), Carpathian Rusyn й (j), Ukrainian і (i), Ukrainian й (j), and Russian и (i).
Pronunciation
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [i], [ˈî], SNPT: [i], [ȉ] |
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
Usage notes
Use of i as a conjunction in Slovene is obsolete and not well-known, so most nowadays speakers usually relate it with other Slavic languages rather than with old Slovene. Nowadays, its derivative, in is used, which is etymologically speaking a stressed variant, but has since lost the initial difference.
As opposed to in, i can be pronounced as stressed or unstressed form in all contexts (but if taken out of context, only the stressed version is allowed) whereas in is stressed only if taken out of context.
Etymology 5
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [i], SNPT: [i] |
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
• (Standard Slovene, tonal) IPA(key): [ˈîː], SNPT: [ȋ] • (Standard Slovene, non-tonal) IPA(key): [ˈiː], SNPT: [í],
|
Note:different distinctions and accent shifts do not necessarily exclude other and most of them exist in both tonal and non-tonal Slovene.
Further reading
“i”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
Pronunciation
- (Phoneme): IPA(key): /i/, /j/
- (Letter name): IPA(key): /i/
Audio (Spain) (file)
Etymology 1
Directly from Latin.
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See y.
Sranan Tongo
Swabian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/
Coordinate terms
Swedish
Etymology 1
From Old Swedish ī, from Old Norse í, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/, [ˈɨ͜zː]
audio (file)
Adverb
i (verb particle)
- used to signify that an action is done with intensity
Preposition
i
- in; located inside
- in; specifies a place, a region or a country
- Kim bor i Stockholm, som ligger i Sverige.
- Kim lives in Stockholm which lies in Sweden.
- (about time) to; before a full hour or, if used in the phrase "fem i halv", a half-hour
- Antonym: (past) över
- Middag serveras mellan sex och kvart i åtta varje kväll.
- Dinner is served between six and quarter to eight every evening.
- (about time) for; duration
- Jag sover i flera timmar.
- I sleep for several hours.
- (in various constructions) last, previous
- i måndags
- last Monday
- i julas
- last Christmas
Usage notes
In definition 5, (last, previous) the following noun gets a suffix -s (weekdays: i måndags) or -as (seasons: i höstas, certain holidays, e.g. jul, midsommar, påsk, pingst). Other holidays instead use förra, senaste, sista, e.g. förra nyåret.
Derived terms
- I
- i akt
- i dag
- i det (att)
- i ett
- i fatt
- i fjol
- i fjor
- i fred
- i fråga
- i gång
- i höstas
- i julas
- i jåns
- i kapp
- i kraft
- i kväll
- i land
- i midsomras
- i morgon
- i morron
- i morse
- i måndags
- i natt
- i pingstas
- i påskas
- i somras
- i stånd
- i stället
- i synnerhet
- i sänder
- i vintras
- i våras
- i väg
- i-balk
- i-järn
- i-land
- i-ljud
- i-omljud
- i-stål
- iaktta
- ibland
- iblanda
- idag
- idriftsättning
- idrifttagande
- idrifttagning
- ifall
- ifatt
- ifjol
- ifjor
- ifred
- ifråga
- ifrågakomma
- ifrågasätta
- ifrågasättande
- ifrågavarande
- ifrån
- ifylla
- ifyllnad
- ifyllning
- iföra
- igen
- igång
- igångkörning
- igångsätta
- ihakning
- ihjäl
- ihop
- ihåg
- ihålig
- ihållande
- ihälld
- ihällning
- ihängande
- ihängsen
- ihärdig
- ijåns
- ikapp
- iklä
- ikläda
- ikraft
- ikring
- ikull
- ikväll
- iland
- ilasta
- ilastning
- iläggning
- iläggsskiva
- imatning
- imorgon
- imorron
- inatt
- ini
- inuti
- iordninggjord
- iordninglagd
- iordningställa
- iplockad
- iplockning
- iråkad
- iröra
- iscensätta
- iscensättare
- iscensättning
- isittande
- iskarvning
- iskruvning
- iskuren
- islag
- islagen
- islagning
- istadarätt
- istadig
- istickning
- istoppad
- istoppning
- istoppstäcke
- istånd
- istället
- iständsätta
- isydd
- isyning
- isynnerhet
- isåning
- isänder
- isär
- isättning
- itu
- ituta
- ity
- itänd
- iväg
- iögonenfallande
- iögonfallande
Etymology 2
from Proto-Germanic *ek.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/
References
- i in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- i in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- i in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- i in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈʔaj/ [ˈʔaɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- Rhymes: -aj
- IPA(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
- Rhymes: -i
- IPA(key): /ˈi/ [ˈi] (phoneme, stressed)
- Rhymes: -i
- IPA(key): /i/ [ɪ] (phoneme, unstressed)
- Rhymes: -i
- IPA(key): /ˈʔaj/ [ˈʔaɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- Syllabification: i
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I, Baybayin spelling ᜀᜌ᜔)
- The ninth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called ay and written in the Latin script.
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)
- The eighth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called i and written in the Latin script.
See also
Noun
i (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter I/i, in the Abakada alphabet
- Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ay
- (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter I/i, in the Abecedario
- Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) ay
See also
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔi/, [ʔɪ]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: i
Noun
i (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Filipino alphabet
- Synonym: (in the Abakada alphabet and Abecedario) e
See also
Further reading
- chapter I, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tok Pisin
Tokelauan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [i]
- Hyphenation: i
Preposition
i
- in, on, at
- 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau], page 1:
- Ko te fakavae tenei e matea i nā nuku ma kafai ona tagata e faifaimea fakatahi, ma nonofo fakatahi i te filemu ma te fiafia.
- This foundation is recognised in the villages and if their people repetedly do things together, and they live together in peace and happiness.
- on, during
- with, by, using
- because of
Tupinambá
Pronoun
i
- He, she, it, they (with descriptive verbs)
- i porang ― he/she/it is / they are beautiful
- Him, her, it, them (with transitive verbs)
- a-i-kuab ― i know him/her/it/them
- His, her, its, their (with nouns)
- i py ― his/her/its/their foot/feet
- Him, her, it, them (before postpositions)
- i xupé ― to him/her/it/them
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/
Audio (file)
Letter
The template Template:tr-letter does not use the parameter(s): sort=iPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
i (lower case, upper case İ)
See also
Vietnamese
Etymology
Borrowed from French i or Portuguese i.
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔi˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɪj˧˧]
Synonyms
Votic
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈi/, [ˈi]
- Rhymes: -i
- Hyphenation: i
See also
- i ... i (“as ... so”)
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
Walloon
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Etymology 1
From Vulgar Latin *illī, from Classical Latin ille.
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Vulgar Latin illos, used in place of the missing third-person pronoun, from Latin illos, accusative plural of ille.
Related terms
Wano
References
- Willem Brurung, The Phonology of Wano, SIL Electronic Working Papers 2007-003 (2007), page 30
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iː/
- Rhymes: -iː
Alternative forms
- (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): ì
- (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): í
- (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): î
- (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ï
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
Mutation
- i cannot mutate but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word iwrch (“roe deer”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
iwrch | unchanged | unchanged | hiwrch |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Derived terms
- Digraph sequences: iw
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
- (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
i | unchanged | unchanged | hi |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Brythonic *mi, from Proto-Celtic *mī.
Etymology 3
From Middle Welsh y, from Old Welsh di (pronounced /ði/), from Proto-Celtic *dū, related to Breton da (“to, for”), Cornish dhe (“to, for”), Irish do (“to, for”).
Preposition
i (triggers soft mutation)
Usage notes
- I is often used to indicate direction "to" a place or "(in order) to" do an action in contrast to at, which indicates direction "to" a person.
- Rwy'n mynd i'r feddygfa. ― I'm going to the surgery.
- Rwy'n mynd i weld y meddyg. ― I'm going to see the surgery.
- Rwy'n mynd at y meddyg. ― I'm going to the doctor.
- See o for a similar distinction for "from".
- The literary language distinguishes between unemphatic personal forms and personal forms with emphasis on the pronoun.
- Rhaid inni fynd. ― We must go. (no particular emphasis)
- Rhaid i ni fynd. ― We must go. (emphasis on we)
- In less formal language, this distinction is not made in writing.
- Rhaid i ni fynd. ― We must go. (no particular emphasis)
- Used as a preterite tense form of ‘that’. The subject moves to the front of the subordinate clause, directly following i, and the verb changes back to its verbal noun form.
Inflection
Derived terms
West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Conjugation
Conjugation of i (action verb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||
inclusive | exclusive | |||
1st person | tii | mii | ai | |
2nd person | nii | fii | ||
3rd person | inanimate | ii | dii | |
animate | ||||
imperative | nii, i | fii, i |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i/
Adverb
i
- makes a request or command more polite, please
- nii i nopoli ― please go and buy
- nifi sesine i ― please come up here
White Lachi
References
- Weera Ostapirat, Proto-Kra, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 23(1) (2000) (as ʔi) (see ASJP)
- Tai-Kadai 100-wordlists, compiled by Ilya Peiros
- Jerold A. Edmondson, kenneth J. Gregerson, Outlying Kam-Tai, in Mon-Khmer Studies 27
- ABVD, citing Li Yunbing [李云兵], A Study of Lachi [拉基语硏究 / Laji yu yan jiu] (Beijing: 中央民族大学出版社 / Zhong yang min zu da xue chu ban she, 2000)
- ABVD, citing Ryuichi Kosaka [小坂, 隆一], A descriptive study of the Lachi language: syntactic description, historical reconstruction and genetic relation (2000, PhD dissertation, Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)
Yola
Preposition
i [1]
- Alternative form of ing (“in”)
- 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 129, lines 15[2]:
- Maa bee haghed i more caar an angish than Ich."
- May be upset in more care and hardship than I."
- 1927, “ZONG O DHREE YOLA MYTHENS”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 131, lines 11[2]:
- Or i a vaarin gees a shaar,
- Or of the fairing give us a share,
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 47
- Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
Yoruba
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
- (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /í/
Pronoun
i
- him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /i/)
Pronoun
í
- him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /i/)
See also
singular | plural or honorific | |
---|---|---|
1st person | mi | wa |
2nd person | ọ / ẹ | yín |
3rd person | [preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ | wọn |
Yuqui
References
- Perry N. Priest, A contribution to comparative studies in the Guaraní linguistic family, Language Sciences 9(1): 17-20, page 18 (1987)
- L. Villafañe, Gramática Yuki. Lengua Tupí-Guaraní de Bolivia (Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ediciones del Rectorado, 2004), page 302
Zou
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i˧/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /i˥˧/
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 62
Zulu
Letter
i (lower case, upper case I)