o
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Translingual
Letter
o (upper case O)
- The fifteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.
- (superscript) See º.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
IPA (file)
Symbol
o
- (IPA) a close-mid back rounded vowel.
- (superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩, IPA) [o]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [o].
- (phonetics, superscript ⟨ᵒ⟩) marks a labialized consonant.
Gallery
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter O): Óó Òò Ŏŏ Ôô Ốố Ồồ Ỗỗ Ổổ Ǒǒ Öö Ȫȫ Őő Õõ Ṍṍ Ṏṏ Ȭȭ Ȯȯ Ȱȱ Øø Ǿǿ Ǫǫ Ǭǭ Ōō Ṓṓ Ō̂ō̂ Ṑṑ Ỏỏ Ȍȍ Ȏȏ Ơơ Ớớ Ờờ Ỡỡ Ởở Ợợ Ọọ Ộộ Ɵɵ ⱺ ᴏ Oo Ꜵꜵ Œœ Ꝏꝏ Ꝍꝍ Ȣȣ
Character=OPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of O:
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English
Pronunciation
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O, plural os or o's)
- The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
- Alternative form of ο, the fifteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets, called omicron and (astronomy) used as an abbreviation of omicron in star names.
- The system's Bayer designation is o Persei.
See also
Number
o (lower case, upper case O)
Noun
o (plural oes)
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Translations
See also
Particle
o
- (nonstandard) alternative form of O (vocative particle)
- 2007, The Bay Psalm Book, Cosimo Classics, published 1640, p.37, 41 & 46:
- I lift my soule to thee o Lord
mee, o Iehovah, heare
In thee, o Lord, I put my trust
Translations
Etymology 3
See o'.
Etymology 4
Abbreviations.
- (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨o⟩.
- (stenoscript) the long vowel /oʊ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɔə˞], [ɔː˞] count as /oʊr/.)
- (stenoscript) the words on, so.
Albanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oː/
Usage notes
Used with indefinite forms only. Can be placed either before or after the noun:
Further reading
- "o pjesëz", in Fjalor Shqip (Albanian Dictionary)
Aragonese
Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /ɔ/
Letter
o lower case (upper case O)
See also
Etymology 2
From Old Anatolian Turkish اول (ol), Proto-Turkic *ol.
Pronoun
Cyrillic | о | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | او |
Declension
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
nominative | mən | sən | o | biz | siz | onlar | |
accusative | məni | səni | onu | bizi | sizi | onları | |
dative | mənə | sənə | ona | bizə | sizə | onlara | |
locative | məndə | səndə | onda | bizdə | sizdə | onlarda | |
ablative | məndən | səndən | ondan | bizdən | sizdən | onlardan | |
genitive | mənim | sənin | onun | bizim | sizin | onların |
Derived terms
Determiner
o
- that, that one
- 2010 January 22, joy.az, archived from the original on 4 March 2022:
- Amma nə xoş o insana ki, səhvini başa düşüb və tövbə edib haqq yoluna qayıdır
- But blissful is the/that person who realizes his mistake and repents and returns to the path of righteous.
Catalan
Derived terms
Corsican
References
Crimean Tatar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *ol. Compare Turkish o and Azerbaijani o.
Czech
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Audio (file)
Danish
Particle
o
- (higher register or humorous) Vocative particle.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /o/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /o/
Audio: (file)
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Fala
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illo (“he”).
Article
o m sg (plural os, feminine a, feminine plural as)
- (Mañegu) Masculine singular definite article; the
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.
- The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.
See also
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
Etymology 2
From Old Galician-Portuguese ou, from Latin aut (“or”).
Conjunction
o
- or
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme 6:
- Poin encontralsi, a o millol, hasta “oito” o mais.
- There can be found, at best, up to “eight” or more.
Faroese
Letter
o (upper case O)
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and o for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -o
Derived terms
Fula
See also
Suffix
o (plural ɓe)
- Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) having to do with people, and for loan words
Usage notes
Alternative forms
Derived terms
- makko (possessive pronoun)
Related terms
Determiner
o
- used in indicating someone
- O debbo ― this/that woman
Galician
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o̝/, [ʊ]
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese o, from Latin illum, from ille.
Alternative forms
Article
o m sg (feminine singular a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)
- masculine singular definite article; the
Usage notes
- The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con o (“with the”) contracts to co, and en o (“in the”) contracts to no.
- The definite article o (in all its forms), due to historical sandhi, contracts with preceding words which ends in [s] or [r] into the second form of the article lo (la, los, las); this feature, frequent in spoken Galician, is not always marked in the written language. When done, a hyphen is used to separate both words:
- Debes comer o caldo ~ Debes come-lo caldo ― You should eat the soup
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Usage notes
The Galician pronouns, being atones, are usually appended to the verb; though sandhi, o could acquire the form -no (for example, when appended to a verb form ended in a falling diphthong or in a nasal consonant, the nasal in -no having an antihiatic epenthetic origin) or -lo (when appended to a verb form ended in a -s or -r, the l having its origin in the assimilation of the -s or -r with the l present in the pronoun before the 12th century).
Further reading
- “o”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
German
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Interjection
o
- O
- 1843, Gallus Schwab, Gebetbuch für katholische Christen, Bamberg, page 45:
- Sei gegrüßet, o Du mein Jesu! Mit tieftster Demuth bete ich Dich an und verehre Dich!
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Gothic
Hawaiian
Usage notes
- Used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars), while a is used for acquired possessions.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈo]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈo]
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | o | o-k |
accusative | o-t | o-kat |
dative | o-nak | o-knak |
instrumental | o-val | o-kkal |
causal-final | o-ért | o-kért |
translative | o-vá | o-kká |
terminative | o-ig | o-kig |
essive-formal | o-ként | o-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | o-ban | o-kban |
superessive | o-n | o-kon |
adessive | o-nál | o-knál |
illative | o-ba | o-kba |
sublative | o-ra | o-kra |
allative | o-hoz | o-khoz |
elative | o-ból | o-kból |
delative | o-ról | o-król |
ablative | o-tól | o-któl |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
o-é | o-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
o-éi | o-kéi |
Possessive forms of o | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | o-m | o-im |
2nd person sing. | o-d | o-id |
3rd person sing. | o-ja | o-i |
1st person plural | o-nk | o-ink |
2nd person plural | o-tok | o-itok |
3rd person plural | o-juk | o-ik |
See also
Further reading
- o in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Igbo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Alternative forms
- ọ (retracted tongue position)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Pronoun
o (dependent form, independent form ya)
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /o/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /o/, [o], [ɔ]
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɔ/*
- Homophone: ho
- Rhymes: -ɔ
- Hyphenation: ò
Letter
o f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case O)
See also
Alternative forms
- od (used optionally before words beginning with a vowel)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/*, /o/
- Rhymes: -o
- Hyphenation: o
References
- Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
Further reading
- o in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Italiot Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek ὁ (ho)
Article
o
- the
Number (style) | singular (familiar) | plural (formal) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
strong | weak | strong | weak | |||||||||
m | f | n | m | f | n | m | f | n | m | f | n | |
nominative | cino | cini | cino | o | i | to | cini | cini | cini | e | e | ta |
genitive | tu | tis | tu | — | — | — | tos | tos | tos | — | — | — |
accusative | ton | tin | to | — | — | — | tus | tes | ta | — | — | — |
There is no 1st person vocative case. † These terms double as possessive pronouns. ‡ "tis" is used before a verb, "tes" after a verb.. All personal pronoun forms are displayed at evò (“I”). |
Japanese
Kapampangan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈo/, [ˈo]
Conjunction
o
- or
- Synonyms: o kaya, ekaya
- Mangan ka o pinandit naka?
- Are you going to eat or later?
- Mansanas o sagin.
- Apple or banana?
Alternative forms
Particle
o
- (colloquial) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention; see also oy, uy and ay
- Palako nayu o.
- S/he's leaving.
- Makanini namu o.
- Just do it this way.
- Nanu o.
- What? huh?
- (colloquial) used as a vocative particle to address the topic in question
- Juan o lawen me.
- John! look!
- Ginu o sana iligtas yu.
- God, I hope you help them!
- Mina o aini na.
- Mina, here it is.
Interjection
o
- (colloquial) expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!
- (colloquial) used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Kikuyu
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Related terms
- -ao (“their”)
See also
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
1st person | niĩ | ithuĩ |
2nd person | we /wɛ(ː)/ | inyuĩ |
3rd person | we /wɛ/ | o |
References
- “o” in Benson, T.G. (1964). Kikuyu-English dictionary, p. 355. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Latin
Etymology 1
From Etruscan letter 𐌏 (o), from Ancient Greek letter ο (o, “omicron”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤏 (ʿ, “ayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.
Letter
o
- A letter of the Latin alphabet.
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /oː/, [oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /o/, [ɔː]
Coordinate terms
References
- o in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- o in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- o in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- o in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
- to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
- monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
- o in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), cognate, or onomatopoeic.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /oː/, [oː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /o/, [ɔː]
Interjection
ō
- o! (vocative particle)
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.II:
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. Lives!
- O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit?
- 4th century, St Jerome, Vulgate, Judges 3:19
- et reversus de Galgalis ubi erant idola dixit ad regem verbum secretum habeo ad te o rex et ille imperavit silentium egressisque omnibus qui circa eum erant (Then returning from Galgal, where the idols were, he said to the king: I have a secret message to thee, O king. And he commanded silence: and all being gone out that were about him,)
- oh!
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): [uə̯], [o], [oː]
Usage notes
In native Latvian words (and in some older borrowings), o represents the sound of IPA [uə̯] (e.g., otrs [uə̯tɾs]). In more recent borrowings, it represents the original sound of the word, i.e. [o] or [oː] (e.g., opera [oːpeɾa]).
See also
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): [o]
Ligurian
Ligurian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | o | i |
feminine | a | e |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /u/
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ō. Cognate with Latgalian a and Proto-Slavic *a (“and, but”). From Proto-Indo-European *h₁od; compare Sanskrit आत् (āt, “afterwards, then, so”), Avestan 𐬁𐬀𐬝 (āat̰, “afterward, then”), perhaps the ablative singular of *h₁e- (“demonstrative pronoun”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /oː/
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Letter
o (upper case O)
See also
- See Template:list:Latin script letters/dsb.
- See Template:list:Latin script letter names/dsb.
Malay
Mandarin
Romanization
o
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Maori
Particle
o
Usage notes
Used instead of a when the possessor has no control over the relationship (inalienable possession).
Masurian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o, ultimately a natural expression.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɔ]
- Syllabification: o
Mbyá Guaraní
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old French oh, from Latin ō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔː/
References
- “ō, interj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Middle Irish
Middle Low German
Pronunciation
- Stem vowel: ȫ²
- (originally) IPA(key): /œːj/
Mokilese
Etymology
From Proto-Chuukic *yawo, from Proto-Micronesian *awo, from Proto-Oceanic *apon, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapən.
Navajo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o˨/
Letter
o
- The twenty-second letter of the Navajo alphabet
- ǫ = /õ˨/
- ó = /o˥/
- ǫ́ = /õ˥/
- oo = /oː˨˨/
- ǫǫ = /õː˨˨/
- óo = /oː˥˨/
- ǫ́ǫ = /õː˥˨/
- oó = /oː˨˥/
- ǫǫ́ = /õː˨˥/
- óó = /oː˥˥/
- ǫ́ǫ́ = /õː˥˥/
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á, Ą ą, Ą́ ą́), B b, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e (É é, Ę ę, Ę́ ę́), G g, Gh gh, H h, Hw hw, X x, I i (Í í, Į į, Į́ į́), J j, K k, Kʼ kʼ, Kw kw, ʼ, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n (Ń ń), O o (Ó ó, Ǫ ǫ, Ǫ́ ǫ́), S s, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tł tł, Tłʼ tłʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh
Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /uː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/
Audio (file)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Letter
o (upper case O, definite singular o-en, indefinite plural o-ar, definite plural o-ane)
References
- “o” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
O'odham
Usage notes
Not to be confused with ʼo, the third person copula.
See also
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
imperfective | perfective | future | imperfective | perfective | future | ||
first person | long | 'añ | 'añt | o | 'c | 'att | o |
short | ñ | ñt | c | tt | |||
second person | long | 'ap | 'apt | 'am | 'amt | ||
short | a | pt | m | mt | |||
third person | long | 'o | 'at | 'o | |||
short | t |
References
- Zepeda, Ofelia (1983) A Tohono Oʼodham Grammar, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, page 169
Old Galician-Portuguese
Etymology
From earlier lo, la, from Latin illum, illam (the initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo and la).
Pronunciation
- (article): IPA(key): /o/
Article
o
- the (masculine singular definite article)
- 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23
- Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.
- This is how Holy Mary added the wine to the barrel, out of love for the good lady of Britain;
- Esta é como Santa Maria acrecentou o vinho no tonel, por amor da bõa dona de Bretanha.
- 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 48
- Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.
- This is how Holy Mary restricted the water of the fountain from the knight.
- Esta é como Santa Maria tolheu a agua da fonte ao cavaleiro.
- 13th Century - Cantiga de Santa Maria no. 23
Usage notes
- O becomes -no and a becomes -na after nasal sounds:
- Non queria o meu coraçon nen-nos meus olhos. ― She wanted neither (the) my heart nor (the) my eyes.
- Ambas eran-nas melhores que (h)omen pode cousir. ― Both were the best that (a) man can contemplate.
- O becomes -lo and a becomes -la after other consonants, and the preceding consonant is elided:
- E vós faredes depoi-lo melhor! ― And later ye shall do the best!
- Sobre toda-las bondades que ela (h)avia era que muito fiava en Santa Maria; ― Above all the virtues she possessed was how much she trusted Holy Mary.
- O becomes el- in front of the noun rei:
- Deu ora el-rei seus dinheiros a Belpelho. ― The king, then, gave his money to Belpelho.
- Se fosse seu o tesouro que el-rei de França ten. ― Were it his the treasure that the king of France has.
Old Irish
Old Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o(b). First attested in the 14th century.
Preposition
o
- about, concerning [+accusative] or [+locative]
- on, against [+accusative]
- because of [+accusative]
- denotes location; at [+accusative]
- denotes location; at [+locative]
- with, by means of [+locative]
- (used in descriptions) with, having [+locative]
- for [+accusative]
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *o. First attested in the 14th century.
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “o”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Spanish
Pnar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔɔ/
Usage notes
- It identifies A or S arguments and therefore "nominative". Its topic-position and accusative counterpart is nga.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɔ/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) - Rhymes: -ɔ
- Syllabification: o
- Homophone: -o
Etymology 1
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
o (upper case O, lower case)
See also
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish o.
Preposition
o
- about (concerning) [+locative]
- Opowiedz mi o twojej pracy. ― Tell me about your job.
- Ta książka jest o potędze miłości. ― This book is about the power of love.
- at (telling the time) [+locative]
- Spotkajmy się o piątej po południu. ― Let's meet at five PM.
- (used in descriptions) with, having [+locative]
- Była piękną kobietą o długich jasnych włosach. ― She was a beautiful woman with long fair hair.
- chłopiec o zielonych oczach ― a boy with green eyes; a green-eyed boy
- on, against [+accusative]
- Nie opierajcie się o te drzwi. ― Don't lean on this door.
- Dziewczynka uderzyła głową o stół. ― The little girl hit her head on the table.
- for [+accusative]
- Weronika poprosiła mnie wczoraj o pomoc. ― Veronica asked me for help yesterday.
- Walczyliśmy dzielnie o naszą wolność. ― We were bravely fighting for our freedom.
- by (a difference) [+accusative]
- Spóźniła się o piętnaście minut. ― She was fifteen minutes late.
- Czuję się o wiele lepiej. ― I feel much better.
- Obniż podkład o dwa półtony. ― Lower the instrumental by two semitones.
Etymology 3
Inherited from Old Polish o, from Proto-Slavic *o, ultimately a natural expression.
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), o is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 533 times in scientific texts, 598 times in news, 724 times in essays, 607 times in fiction, and 610 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3072 times, making it the 14th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “o”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 298
Further reading
- o in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- o in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “O I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 18.06.2019
- “O II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 August 19
- Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “o”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 429
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (letter): IPA(key): /ɔ/, /o/
- (article, pronoun): IPA(key): /u/
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Etymology 2
From Old Galician-Portuguese o (compare Galician o), from Vulgar Latin lo, *illu, from Latin illum, from ille (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish lo).
Article
o m (feminine a, masculine plural os, feminine plural as)
- the (masculine singular definite article)
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 135:
- Não vi o tempo passar.
- I didn't notice the time passing.
Usage notes
For the most part, usage of the definite article in Portuguese is the same as in English. Some differences include:
- it is optionally but commonly used with abstract mass nouns:
- O amor é melhor que a guerra. ― Love is better than war.
- in Brazil, it can be optionally used with adjectival possessive pronouns, and mandatorily with substantival possessive pronouns; both are mandatory in Portugal:
- (O) meu livro é melhor que o seu. ― My book is better than yours.
- it can be used with personal names; often this indicates familiarity with the person (due to personal connection with them or because they are famous); this is avoided in formal contexts:
- (O) João foi até a cidade. ― João went to the city.
- (O) Einstein foi um cientista famoso. ― Einstein was a famous scientist.
- it is sometimes used instead of a possessive pronoun when the possessor is obvious from the context; this is especially prevalent when referring to parts of the body or one’s own relatives:
- O pai está viajando. ― (My) dad is travelling.
- Você falou com a tia? ― Did you talk with my/our aunt?
- Quando você quebrou os braços? ― When did you break your arms?
- it is used in a construct that is uncommon in English but common in Portuguese whereby a singular is used as a representative or prototype of all instances of the thing:
- O carvalho é uma árvore grande. ― The oak is a big tree.
- A picape é responsável pela poluição. ― Pick-up trucks are responsible for the pollution.
- it is much more commonly used with placenames; most names of countries, states, provinces and continents take the definite article, but only a minority of cities:
- Eu moro no Luxemburgo. ― I live in Luxembourg.
- O Rio de Janeiro fica no Brasil. ― Rio de Janeiro is in Brazil.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.
See also
Portuguese articles (edit) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
Definite articles (the) |
o | a | os | as |
Indefinite articles (a, an; some) |
um | uma | uns | umas |
Pronoun
o m (personal)
- him, it (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhe; after prepositions, see ele)
- 2003, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 75:
- Não o perdoou por abandonar o serviço em vez de seguir você.
- She didn't forgive him for abandoning his service instead of following you.
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 287:
- Por que, então, ela o conduzira àquele lugar?
- Why, then, did she lead him to that place?
Usage notes
- Becomes -lo after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
- Becomes -no after a nasal sound:
- Detêm-no como prisioneiro. ― They detain him/it as a prisoner.
- Põe-no aqui. ― Put him/it here.
- In the colloquial speech of most of Brazil, it is abandoned in favor of the nominative form ele.
- Eu o vi. → Eu vi ele. ― I saw him/it.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.
See also
See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.
Rapa Nui
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *o.
Particle
o
- possessive particle marking an inalienable possession; of
- 2008, Sharon Chester, A wildlife guide to Chile, page 15:
- Polynesians are thought to have arrived at Easter Island around AD 800. They called the island Rapa Nui, or more familiarly Te Pito o Te Henua, the Navel of the World.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
Inserted before the relevant pronoun. Only for possessions like hands or parents that do not have the ability to no longer be yours; otherwise, use a.
Usage notes
Generally used in favor of complex native grammatical structures used to achieve the same ends.
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Usage notes
- The definite article is used with proper nouns (given names and place names) as well.
References
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “o”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, pages 21, 141
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Usage notes
See O.
See also
Etymology 2
From Latin ūna, feminine of ūnus, via an earlier form *uă, with irregular dropping of the -n- due to high frequency of usage; however, compare the Aromanian equivalent unã, which preserved it.
Article
o
Etymology 4
From an earlier (possibly Proto-Romanian) root *eaua, from Latin illam, accusative feminine singular of ille.
Pronoun
o f (unstressed accusative form of ea)
- (direct object) her
- O cunoști? ― Do you know her?
- O cunoști pe Iulia? ― Do you know Iulia?
- Am văzut-o ieri la școală. ― I saw her yesterday at school.
Verb
(el/ea) o (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form of vrea, used with infinitives to form presumptive tenses)
- (he/she) might
Etymology 6
From avea.
Samoan
Sardinian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Etymology 1
From Italian o (“or”), from Latin aut (“or”), from Proto-Italic *auti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewti (“on the other hand”), derived from *h₂ew (“away from, off”). Doublet of a.
Determiner
o
- (Logudorese, Campidanese) used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis; you
- Morta ti ses, o tessidora bella ― You died, you beautiful weaver
References
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “o1”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) “o2”, in Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English of, from Old English af, æf (“from, off, away”), from Proto-Germanic *ab (“away (from)”). Compare English of.
Scottish Gaelic
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Preposition
o (+ dative, triggers lenition, combined with the singular definite article on)
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (phoneme) /o/
Letter
o (Cyrillic spelling о)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi. See o-, ob-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Preposition
o (Cyrillic spelling о)
- on, against [+accusative]
- ob(j)esiti nešto o kuku ― to hang something on a hook
- udariti glavom o zid ― to hit one's head against the wall
- ogr(ij)ešiti se o zakon ― to violate a law (literally, “to make transgression against the law”)
- about, concerning, of, on [+locative]
- brinuti se o nekome ― to take care of somebody
- v(ij)est o katastrofi ― news about the catastrophe
- R(ij)eč je o…, radi se o… ― It's about…, this refers to…
- Napisao sam esej o ranom srednjem vijeku. ― I wrote an essay on the Early Middle Ages.
Synonyms
- (Croatia) ob
Sicilian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/ (Standard)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/ (Standard)
Conjunction
o
- or
- O ti manci ssa minestra o ti jetti dâ finestra.
- Either you eat soup or you throw yourself out the window.
Derived terms
- o puru
Etymology 3
Eye dialectal form of ô (“(masculine singular) at/to the”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɔː]
Etymology 4
Eye dialectal form of 'ô (“(masculine singular) of the”), from the lenition of rhoticized (and dialectal) rô, from dô, from an earlier and standard dû.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɔː]
Preposition
o
- (eye dialect) Alternative form of dû
- A fera o luni.
- The Monday market.
- (literally, “The market of the Monday.”)
- A strata o Càrminu.
- The street [of the church] of the Carmine.
Etymology 5
From the vowel reduction of vô, dialectal form of vâ, which is the contracted form of the Univerbation of va' (“to go”, second-person singular imperative) + a (“to, forward”, preposition).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɔː]
Verb
o
- (eye dialect) Alternative form of vâ (second-person singular, contracted double imperative)
- o caca!
- Go fuck yourself! (lit. go to shit)!
- O vidi chiḍḍu ca hâ fari!
- Go see what you have to do!.
Usage notes
- The double indicative and the double imperative are Sicilian moods built with the first conjugated element using exclusively the present tense of the verbs jiri (to go) or vèniri (to come) connected with the preposition a (to) to a second conjugated action wich follows the tense, the number and the person of the first verbal element.
- In the case of jiri, which is irregularly composed also of the theme derived from Latin vādō, can be contracted with the preposition a depending on the dialect.
Etymology 6
From Latin ō, eventually conflated with/from Ancient Greek ὦ (ô).
Alternative forms
- oh (for the interjection meaning "oh")
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɔː]
Interjection
o
Related terms
- a tìa
- a tìa carù
See also
- a mìa
Silesian
Etymology
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and o for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Preposition
o
- about, concerning [+locative]
- Synonyms: ohľadom, ohľadne
- 1883, Pavol Dobšinský, O človeku, čo nikdy nehrešil. In: Prostonárodné slovenské povesti:
- Chudobný človek nevedel o ničom nič a najmenej o čertovi.
- The poor man did not know anything about anything and the least did he know about the devil.
- Chudobný človek nevedel o ničom nič a najmenej o čertovi.
- at (indicates time) [+locative]
- 1921, Stanislav Klíma, Kozia skala In: Povesti zo Slovenska:
- O polnoci sa Kozia skala otvorila a božská panna z jaskyne vyšla.
- Kozia skala opened at midnight and a divine virgin came out of a cave.
- O polnoci sa Kozia skala otvorila a božská panna z jaskyne vyšla.
- against, over, on (indicates the point of contact with another object) [+accusative]
- 1955, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Česť :
- Juro zhodil batoh, odopäl bajonet a praštil ho o stôl.
- Juro threw his bag down, unfastened the bayonet and slammed it against the table.
- Juro zhodil batoh, odopäl bajonet a praštil ho o stôl.
- by, often translated with a noun accompanied by an indefinite article or a numeral (indicates measure or degree) [+accusative]
- 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena :
- Oddanca prevyšuje o hlavu, on takrečeno tratí sa pri jej mocnej, na mužského upomínajúcej postave.
- She is a head taller than her fiancé, it might be said that he is disappearing next to her mighty figure resembling that of a man.
- Oddanca prevyšuje o hlavu, on takrečeno tratí sa pri jej mocnej, na mužského upomínajúcej postave.
- in, later (indicates the end of a period of time) [+accusative]
- Synonym: po
- 1911, Jozef Gregor Tajovský, Jano Mráz :
- Už mal byť o rok posvätený, ale prišla cholera, a neúprosná smrť Ondríka skosila.
- It should have been blessed in a year, but cholera came and Ondrík was taken by merciless death.
- Už mal byť o rok posvätený, ale prišla cholera, a neúprosná smrť Ondríka skosila.
Further reading
- “o”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *o(b), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Somba-Siawari
References
- Kaija Olkkonen, Soini Olkkonen, Somba-Siawari (Burum Mindik)—English dictionary (2007)
Spanish
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Derived terms
See also
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Derived terms
Further reading
- “o”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo
Etymology
Reduced form of go (“to go”).
Particle
o
- Verbal marker for the future tense.
Usage notes
For purely factual statements, sa is more common. This marker is mostly used for promises, or when the anticipation carries an emotive charge, such as hope or fear. For example, “I’ll see you” is not a purely factual statement; it implies, “I hope to see you (again, some time in the future)”. In Sranan Tongo, this is then expressed as “mi o si yu”.
See also
Swedish
Pronunciation
- Letter name
- IPA(key): /uː/
- Phoneme
- IPA(key): /uː/, /ʊ/, /oː/, /ɔ/
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Interjection
o
- O (particle)
- Så låt nu, o konung, härom utfärda ett förbud och sätta upp en skrivelse
- Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing (Daniel 6:8)
Noun
o n
- the letter o
- the Greek letter omega, being the last letter of the Greek alphabet
- Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.
- I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. (Revelations 22:13)
- Jag är A och O, den förste och den siste, begynnelsen och änden.
Declension
Declension of o | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | o | ot | on | ona |
Genitive | os | ots | ons | onas |
Alternative forms
Usage notes
- In writing other than with standardised keyboards, e.g. handwriting and crafted lettering, it often retain its underlining; o̲.
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo] (letter name)
- Rhymes: -o
- IPA(key): /ˈʔow/ [ˈʔoʊ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet alternative)
- Rhymes: -ow
- IPA(key): /ˈo/ [ˈo] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
- Rhymes: -o
- IPA(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo] (letter name)
- Syllabification: o
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O, Baybayin spelling ᜂ)
- The seventeenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
- The thirteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called o and written in the Latin script.
See also
Noun
o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Filipino alphabet
- the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Abakada alphabet
- (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter O/o, in the Abecedario
Alternative forms
- ow — Filipino alphabet letter
See also
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔo/ [ʔo]
- Rhymes: -o
- Syllabification: o
Conjunction
o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)
See also
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔo/ [ʔo]
- Rhymes: -o
- Syllabification: o
Particle
o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ)
- (informal) sentence-ending particle used to express warning or to catch someone's attention.
- Nandiyan na naman siya o.
- He's at it again, see?
- Ganito kasi dapat 'yan o.
- You're supposed to do it like this, you see?
Interjection
o (Baybayin spelling ᜂ) (informal)
- expression of surprise, wonder, amazement, or awe: oh!
- Hayop naman oh!
- Damn it, argh!
- used to catch someone's attention about a new topic, question, or story: so; oh!
- used to refer to something given or offered to someone: here you are! here you go!
- Synonym: heto
- O, ang regalo ko sa'yo.
- Here, my gift for you.
Derived terms
Further reading
- “o”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tokelauan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [o]
- Hyphenation: o
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian o and Samoan o.
See also
Etymology 2
From Proto-Polynesian *o. Cognates include Hawaiian ō and Samoan o.
Tooro
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Inflection
See also
Class | Person | Independent | Possessive | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
na | ni | ||||||
Class 1 | First | nyowe, nye | -ange | n- | -n- | nanyowe, nanye | ninyowe, ninye |
Second | iwe | -awe | o- | -ku- | naiwe | niiwe | |
Third | uwe | -e | a- | -mu- | nawe | nuwe | |
Class 2 | First | itwe | -aitu | tu- | -tu- | naitwe | niitwe |
Second | inywe | -anyu | mu- | -ba- | nainywe | niinywe | |
Third | abo | -abo | ba- | -ba- | nabo | nubo | |
Class 3 | gwo | -agwo | gu- | -gu- | nagwo | nugwo | |
Class 4 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
Class 5 | lyo | -alyo | li- | -li- | nalyo | niryo | |
Class 6 | go | -ago | ga- | -ga- | nago | nugo | |
Class 7 | kyo | -akyo | ki- | -ki- | nakyo | nikyo | |
Class 8 | byo | -abyo | bi- | -bi- | nabyo | nibyo | |
Class 9 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo | |
Class 10 | zo | -azo | zi- | -zi- | nazo | nizo | |
Class 11 | rwo | -arwo | ru- | -ru- | narwo | nurwo | |
Class 12 | ko | -ako | ka- | -ka- | nako | nuko | |
Class 13 | two | -atwo | tu- | -tu- | natwo | nutwo | |
Class 14 | bwo | -abwo | bu- | -bu- | nabwo | nubwo | |
Class 15 | kwo | -akwo | ku- | -ku- | nakwo | nukwo | |
Class 16 | ho | -aho | ha- | -ha- | naho | nuho | |
Class 17 | (kwo) | N/A | ha- (...-yo) |
-ha- | N/A | nukwo | |
Class 18 | (mwo) | -amwo | ha- (...-mu) |
-ha- | N/A | numwo | |
Reflexive | -enyini, -onyini | — | -e- | — |
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish او (o), from older اول (ol). Merger of Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (ol) and [script needed] (an, “she, he, that, it”), (Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹) and [script needed] (an), respectively); both from Proto-Turkic *ol. Cognate with Karakhanid اُلْ (“he, she, it; that”) and Chinese 兀 (wù, “that”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Audio (file)
Declension
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | o | |
Definite accusative | onu | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | o | onlar |
Definite accusative | onu | onları |
Dative | ona | onlara |
Locative | onda | onlarda |
Ablative | ondan | onlardan |
Genitive | onun | onların |
See also
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Vietic *ʔɔː.
Synonyms
Classifier
o
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Portuguese ó.
Welsh
Alternative forms
- (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel) ò
- (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel) ó
- (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel) ô
- (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity) ö
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oː/
- Rhymes: -oː
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
Mutation
- o cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word oren (“orange”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
oren | unchanged | unchanged | horen |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
- (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i/i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u/u bedol, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd (Category: cy:Latin letter names)
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
o | unchanged | unchanged | ho |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Etymology 2
Aphetic form of efô, reinforced form of ef
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oː/, /ɔ/
- Rhymes: -oː
Usage notes
O is used predominantly in the north of Wales, while e is used in the south, with fo and fe as variants of o and e respectively after a vowel. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Brythonic *o, from Proto-Celtic *ɸo, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oː/, /ɔ/
- Rhymes: -oː
Preposition
o (causes soft mutation)
- from
- Aethon ni o Gaerdydd i Abertawe.
- We went from Cardiff to Swansea.
- of, out of (partitive)
- Roedd llawer o frain yn y coed.
- There were a lot of crows in the trees.
- Mae'r tri ohonyn nhw'n dweud celwydd.
- The three of them are lying.
- Connects an adjective modifying another adjective (equivalent to adverb + adjective in English)
- arbennig o bwysig ― especially important
- ofnadwy o garedig ― awfully kind
- Connects a multi-word numeral to a plural noun
- Mae pedwar deg saith o weithwyr gyda'r cwmni.
- The company has forty-seven employees.
Inflection
Alternative forms
- od (before a vowel)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Yola
Etymology 1
From Middle English oo, an apocopic form of oon.
Alternative forms
Adjective
o
Etymology 2
From Middle English o.
Interjection
o
- oh
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 12, page 88:
- Than stalket, an gandelt, wie o! an gridane.
- Then stalked and wondered, with oh! and with grief.
Preposition
o
- Alternative form of o' (“of”)
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 93:
- Aar was a gooude puddeen maate o bran.
- There was a good pudding made of bran.
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
- Aar was Parick o Dearmoth, an dhen score besidh,
- There was Patrick o Deormod, and ten score beside,
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 94:
- An a priesth o parieshe on his garrane baun,
- The priest of the parish on his white pony,
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:
- Aar was a muskawn o buthther ee-laaide apan hoat shruaanès,
- There was a great heap of butter laid upon hot scraps,
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:
- An lea a pariesh o Kilmannan.
- And leave the parish of Kilmannan.
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, pages 45, 88 & 93
Yoruba
Letter
o (lower case, upper case O)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
- (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ō/
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ó/
Pronoun
o
- him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /o/)
Pronoun
ó
- him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /o/)
See also
singular | plural or honorific | |
---|---|---|
1st person | mi | wa |
2nd person | ọ / ẹ | yín |
3rd person | [preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ | wọn |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ō/
Etymology 6
Clipping of kò.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ò/
Etymology 7
Clipping of wò
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ò/
Zaghawa
References
- Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
Zazaki
See also
Zhuang
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /ʔo˨˦/
- Tone numbers: o1
- Hyphenation: o
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Interjection
o (1957–1982 spelling o)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Zou
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o˧/
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 59