O
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Translingual
Etymology
From the Etruscan letter 𐌏 (o, “o”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ο (O, “omikron”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤏 (ʿ, “ʿayin”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁹.
See also
Symbol
O
- (chemistry) Symbol for oxygen.
- (sports) success
- (mathematics) big O: a class of functions asymptotically bounded from above by a specific function, up to a constant factor
- (linear algebra, group theory) orthogonal group
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a rounded vowel or a back vowel
- synonyms: U
Gallery
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of O, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase O in Fraktur
See also
The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s): Character=OPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of O:
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English
Pronunciation
(Name of letter):
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /əʊ/
Audio (RP) (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /oʊ/
Audio (GA) (file) - Rhymes: -əʊ, -oʊ
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o, plural Os or O's)
- The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
- 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 421:
- "Supposing somebody sees you, with all those flowers too? Supposing somebody writes him a letter? Ooooh!" (a pure round open Tamil O.)
Noun
- Something shaped like the letter O.
- 1938, Norman Lindsay, chapter XX, in Age of Consent, London: T[homas] Werner Laurie […], →OCLC, page 213:
- She was lying in the lee of a fowlhouse in a crumpled posture, as if cohesion had been detached from her joints, which lobbed her in an untidy heap, like a lot of old bones, tied together with string. Her skull was hitched under her humped shoulders and her fallen jaw made a lipless O of her mouth, giving it an expression of imbecile astonishment.
- (uncountable) A blood type that lacks A or B antigens and may only receive transfusions of similar type O blood, but may donate to all (neglecting Rh factor). Synonym: universal donor.
See also
Number
O (upper case, lower case o)
Etymology 2
From Middle English O, o, from Old English o, from Latin o and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection). Featured prominently in William Tyndale's 1525 translation of the New Testament.
Particle
O
- The vocative particle, used for direct address.
- O Death! O Death! Won't you spare me over till another year? - part of the refrain from the American folk song "A Conversation with Death".
- 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Romans ij:[1, 3], folio cc, verso:
- Therfore arte thou inexcuſable o man whoſoever thou be that iudgeſt. For in that ſame where in thou iudgeſt another / thou cõdemneſt thy ſilfe. For thou that iudgeſt doest evẽ the ſame ſilfe thynges. […] Thynkeſt thou O man that iudgeſt them which do ſoche thyngꝭ and yet doſt evẽ the very ſame / that thou ſhalt eſcape the iudgemẽt of God?
- c. 1810-1820?, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Notes on Macbeth
- O! the affecting beauty of the death of Cawdor, and the presentimental speech of the king: […]
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:O.
Usage notes
- The word O is typically written in upper case in modern usage.
- O is often used in translations from languages which have the vocative case.
- Although it is not strictly archaic, the particle is sometimes used archaizingly. It conveys a formal or reverential tone.
Derived terms
Translations
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See also
- Anglo-Saxon: ēalā, ǣlā, hēlā.
- la (a particle for introducing a statement or expressing surprise), lo
- oh.
Etymology 3
Abbreviation.
Derived terms
- aO 'about'
Noun
O (countable and uncountable, plural Os)
- (printing) American Library Association abbreviation of octavo, a book size (20-25 cm).
- (soccer) Someone associated with Leyton Orient Football Club, as a player, coach, supporter etc.
- (cricket) The number of overs bowled.
- (slang) Orgasm.
- Synonym: big O
- 1998 October 17, M6968, “STORY: The Violation of Sunny a wrestling story, by Wonder Mike”, in alt.sex.stories (Usenet), retrieved November 22, 2014:
- Sunny felt some cold and wet press against her pussy, it startled her, then it's[sic] tongue went deep inside of her, she had been eaten out before, but never this could, who ever was doing it was a real pro, and had to have the longest tongue in the world it was buried at least three inches inside of her and was taking long, hard strokes, it was trying to get even deeper, it was only seconds before she started shaking from her first O.
- 1999 March 31, JT aka GF, “Re: mary p., hex and going "downtown"”, in alt.psst.hoy (Usenet), retrieved November 22, 2014:
- Further on, when she's about to reach her first O, the taste turns from no taste to champagne-like.
- 2010, Lonnie Hicks, Einstein, Religion, Politics and Literature, page 308:
- She thought you could get pregnant from tonguing when kissing; about her first O and how it scared her; how she looked in the mirror afterwards to see if she had changed; about how scared she was when it came time to deliver the baby.
- 2011 June 14, wtw, “{wtw} - "4someWithFriends" (1/1)”, in alt.sex.stories (Usenet), retrieved November 22, 2014:
- Now my friend was fingering my wife and licking her clit. My wife reached her first O of the night.
- (slang, uncountable) Opium.
- 1952, Collier's: Incorporating Features of the American Magazine, page 22:
- We lay on our stomachs on the living-room floor in a circle around our host, a skinny little man who said he'd been smoking O for 20 years.
Adjective
O (not comparable)
Etymology 5
From Mandarin 鄂 (È) Wade–Giles romanization: O⁴.
Alternative forms
- (from Hanyu Pinyin) E
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʌ/, enPR: ǔ
- Rhymes: -ʌ
Proper noun
O
- A surname from Mandarin Chinese.
- Alternative form of E (Ancient Chinese Kingdom)
- [1906, Frederick D. Cloud, Hangchow, the "City of Heaven", Shanghai: Presbyterian Mission Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 53:
- ACCORDING to various inscriptions about this famous temple we are told that it was erected to the memory of Ya Fei, "An Unswerving Guardian to the Heir-Apparent," of the Sung dynasty; "A Loyal-to-the-end Minister," who came from the ancient state of O-Kuo, the present Wu Ch'ang-fu of Hupei; and that it was erected by the Emperor Hsiao Tsung as an atonement for the weakness and follies of his father, Kao Tsung, toward a faithful servant of the empire who came to his untimely death through the diabolical schemes of men in high estate. Moreover, that after his death and burial, when the empire came to appreciate his great services to the people, the posthumous title of " Prince of O-Kuo" was bestowed upon his sacred memory.]
- 1944, Harold Burgoyne Rattenbury, China, My China, →OCLC, page 51:
- In ancient times Wuchang was the capital city of the Kingdom of O. In Manchu times it was the residence of the Viceroy of the two provinces of Hupeh and Hunan. Since then its fortunes have changed with changing politics.
- 1976, Noel Barnard, The Proceedings of a Symposium on Scientific Methods of Research in the Study of Ancient Chinese Bronzes and Southeast Asian Metal and Other Archaeological Artifacts, October 6-10, 1975, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 107:
- ⁶There are actually several geographical identifications proposed for the State of O: Wu-ch'ang in Hupei, Huai-ch'ing in Honan, and Fu-fang, Shensi (in the south-east thereof). As two inscriptions connected with the State of O refer to invasions....
- 2006, Ch'ien Ssu-ma, edited by William H. Nienhauser, Jr., The Grand Scribe's Records,, volume V.1, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 385:
- […] Yang-yüeh 楊粵,⁴⁰ reaching as far as O 鄂.⁴¹ […] He then enthroned his elder son K'ang 康⁴³ as King of Kou Tan 句亶,⁴⁴ his middle song Hung 紅 as King of O 鄂,⁴⁵ and his younger son Chih-tz'u 執疵 as King of Yüeh-chang 越章.⁴⁶
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:O.
Translations
Pronunciation
- (Singapore) IPA(key): /oʊ/, [ˈoː˦], [ˈo]
Adjective
O (not comparable)
Afar
Letter
O
- The fifteenth letter in the Afar alphabet.
Angami
See also
- (Latin-script letters) Ü ü, Üi üi, A a, Ai ai, I i, Ie ie, U u, Uo uo, E e, Ei ei, O o, Ou ou, K k, Kh kh, G g, Ng ng, C c, Ch ch, J j, Jh jh, Ny ny, T t, Th th, D d, N n, Ts ts, Tsh tsh, Dz dz, P p, Ph ph, B b, M m, Pf pf, Bv bv, Y y, Yh yh, R r, Rh rh, L l, Lh lh, F f, V v, W w, Wh wh, S s, Sh sh, Z z, Zh zh, H h
Azerbaijani
Letter
O upper case (lower case o)
Central Franconian
Etymology
- /ɔ/ is from Middle High German o in most closed syllables, in some dialects also in open syllables.
- /o/ is from u in most closed syllables.
- /ɔː/ is from ā; from o before certain consonants; in eastern Moselle Franconian from ou.
- /oː/ is from uo in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian; from ou in Ripuarian and northwestern Moselle Franconian; from ō in southern Moselle Franconian; in some Moselle Franconian dialects from o in open syllables.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (short open) /ɔ/, (short closed) /o/, (long open) /ɔː/, (long closed) /oː/
Letter
O
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notes
- In the Dutch-based spelling, short closed /o/ is represented by ó, long open /ɔː/ by ao.
- In the German-based spelling, long o is doubled to oo when the German cognate word has oo as well. Long o may or may not be doubled in the following cases:
- when it is followed by two or more consonants: Plooch or Ploch;
- when the German cognate has two vowel letters: Boom or Bom (German Baum);
- when the German cognate has a consonant lost or not present in Central Franconian: Zoote or Zote (German Sorten);
- when the German cognate has a short vowel: Mooder or Moder (German Mutter).
- In the Dutch-based spelling, long o is always doubled in closed syllables, always written simple in open syllables.
Chinese
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Usage notes
A number may be placed after O to indicate the number of relationships a person has had, including the current one.
Etymology 3
Initialism of English orientation.
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Derived terms
- 大O
- 暗O
- 細O/细O
Pronunciation 1
Letter
O
- The fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2
Usage notes
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
Dutch
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /oː/
Audio (file)
Proper noun
O
- a surname
- 1904, certificate of marriage number 9 of 1904 of Sint-Pieters-Leeuw (reproduced in: Patrick Trio ((Can we date this quote?)) Nakomelingen van Arnoldus O)
- Op 10/02/1904 om 11:00 uur zijn voor ons Zacharias De Ro, schepen gehuwd: Theophilius O […] enerzijds en anderzijds Maria Elisabetha Troucheau […]
- On February 10, 1904 at 11 am in the presence of ourselves, Zacharias De Ro, alderman, did marry: Theophilius O […] on the one hand and on the other hand Maria Elisabetha Troucheau […]
- 1904, certificate of marriage number 9 of 1904 of Sint-Pieters-Leeuw (reproduced in: Patrick Trio ((Can we date this quote?)) Nakomelingen van Arnoldus O)
Elfdalian
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /o/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /o/
(file) Audio (file)
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Estonian
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and O for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
See also
French
Pronunciation
- (letter): IPA(key): /o/
Audio (Paris) (file)
Letter
O
- the fifteenth letter of the French alphabet
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔoː/
Audio (file)
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈo]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈo]
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | O | O-k |
accusative | O-t | O-kat |
dative | O-nak | O-knak |
instrumental | O-val | O-kkal |
causal-final | O-ért | O-kért |
translative | O-vá | O-kká |
terminative | O-ig | O-kig |
essive-formal | O-ként | O-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | O-ban | O-kban |
superessive | O-n | O-kon |
adessive | O-nál | O-knál |
illative | O-ba | O-kba |
sublative | O-ra | O-kra |
allative | O-hoz | O-khoz |
elative | O-ból | O-kból |
delative | O-ról | O-król |
ablative | O-tól | O-któl |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
O-é | O-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
O-éi | O-kéi |
Possessive forms of O | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | O-m | O-im |
2nd person sing. | O-d | O-id |
3rd person sing. | O-ja | O-i |
1st person plural | O-nk | O-ink |
2nd person plural | O-tok | O-itok |
3rd person plural | O-juk | O-ik |
Ido
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /o/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /o/, [o], [ɔ]
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and O for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [uə̯], IPA(key): [o], IPA(key): [oː]
Limburgish
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Etymology 2
From earlier ou, from Old Limburgish ouga, from Proto-West Germanic *augā, from Proto-Germanic *augô.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
- Rhymes: -o
Noun
O n (plural Owwe, diminutive Öögeltje) (Eupen)
Etymology 3
Nominalized form of o f (“old”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
- Homophone: o
- Rhymes: -ɔ
Malay
Pronunciation
- (Name of letter): IPA(key): [o]
- (Phoneme): IPA(key): [o], [ɔ]
Polish
Etymology
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and O for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɔ/
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Portuguese
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Saanich
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ/
Scottish Gaelic
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Silesian
Etymology
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and O for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Slovene
Letter
O (capital, lowercase o)
- The 16th letter of the Slovene alphabet. Preceded by N and followed by P.
Spanish
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo] (letter name)
- Rhymes: -o
- IPA(key): /ˈʔow/ [ˈʔoʊ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet alternative)
- Rhymes: -ow
- IPA(key): /ˈo/ [ˈo] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
- Rhymes: -o
- IPA(key): /ˈʔo/ [ˈʔo] (letter name)
- Syllabification: O
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o, Baybayin spelling ᜂ)
- The seventeenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
- The thirteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called o and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The eighteenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called o and written in the Latin script.
See also
Further reading
- “O”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɔ˧˧]The template Template:vi-IPA does not use the parameter(s):
2=ô
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /oː/
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
Mutation
- O cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word oren (“orange”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
oren | unchanged | unchanged | horen |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “O”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yoruba
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
Zulu
Letter
O (upper case, lower case o)