ç

Evolution of Visigothic ⟨ꝣ⟩ to modern ⟨ç⟩.

From ⟨ꝣ⟩, the Visigothic form of the letter z, which resembled a C with a subscript z.

• (IPA symbol):

  (file)

ç

1. (IPA) a voiceless palatal fricative.
2. (superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩, IPA) [ç]-fricated release of a plosive (e.g. [cᶜ̧] or [kᶜ̧]), sometimes implying an affricate (e.g. ⟨cᶜ̧⟩ for [c͡ç]); [ç]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ç].

A superscript ⟨ᶜ̧⟩ needs to be composed with a cedilla diacritic: U+1D9C ⟨ᶜ⟩ + U+0327 ⟨◌̧⟩.

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

ç (uppercase Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /tʃe/

ç lower case (upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) hərf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, X x, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, Q q, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): (Southern) /s̻e au̯t͡s̺i/, [s̻e̞ au̯.t͡s̺i]
• IPA^(key): (Northern) /s̻e hau̯t͡s̺i/, [s̻e̞ ɦau̯.t͡s̺i]

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. The letter C with a cedilla, called ze hautsi.

• Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
• It is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of c.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈse tɾəŋˈka.ðə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈse tɾeŋˈka.ða]

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. c cedilla (the ce trencada, the letter c with a cedilla, used to represent /s/ before a, o or u; it is not considered a separate letter)

• (Latin-script letters) lletra; A a, À à, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, É é, È è, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, Ï ï, J j, K k, L l (L·L l·l), M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, Ò ò, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. "c cédille", the letter c with a cedilla

• ⟨ç⟩ is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of ⟨c⟩. Accordingly it has the same value in alphabetical orders.
• It is used when a ⟨c⟩ is pronounced /s/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩ or ⟨u⟩. This happens mostly in derivatives and inflections. For example, français (“French”) derived from France, or commençons (“we begin”), inflected form of commencer. One of the fairly rare counterexamples would be façon (“way, fashion”).

ç

1. (dated) the voiceless palatal click consonant, and the base of multigraphs for the other palatal clicks; now replaced with ⟨ǂ⟩.

• tc

• IPA^(key): /ᵏǂ/)

ç (upper case Ç)

1. (dated) A letter of the Naro alphabet, written in the Latin script.

C + Old Galician-Portuguese Ꝣ (“Visigothic z”).

• IPA^(key): /s/

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. "c cedilha" (the letter c with a cedilla)

Ç is not considered a distinct letter, but a variant of C. It is used where a <c> pronounced /s/ occurs before <a>, <o> or <u> (due to etymology or inflection). Examples: (Inflection) merecer ("to deserve", infinitive), mereça (imperative). (Etymology) maça from Latin mattia, massa from Latin massa (both /ˈmasa/). Never occurs word-initially.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɽ/
• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ɽiː/

ç (upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Rohingya alphabet, called çii and written in the Latin script.

• 𐴍
• (Latin-script letters) A a (Á á), B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p (Q q), R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, V v), W w (X x), Y y, Z z

• IPA^(key): (after n) /t͡s/, (after all other letters) /s/

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. (International Standard) Used to represent -ça.

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “-ç-”, in ニューエクスプレス　ロマ（ジプシー）語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 15

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. (obsolete) c with cedilla

• Now replaced by the letter z.

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /t͡ʃeː/

ç (lower case, upper case Ç)

1. The fourth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harf; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, E e, F f, G g, Ğ ğ, H h, I ı, İ i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, V v, Y y, Z z

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃ/

ç (upper case Ç)

1. The third letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called çe and written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z