j
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Translingual
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
Symbol
j
- (IPA) a palatal approximant a.k.a. yod.
- (superscript ⟨ʲ⟩, IPA) palatalization ([j]-coloring) of a consonant; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [j].
- (pharmacy, obsolete) one.
- ℥j
- one ounce
- ℥j
- (physics) imaginary unit
Gallery
- Normal and italic J
- Uppercase and lowercase J in Fraktur
See also
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Sſs Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- (Variations of letter J): Ĵĵ Ɉɉ J̌ǰ ȷ ϳ ʝ ɟ ʄ ᴊ Jj IJij IJij LJLjlj LJLjlj NJNjnj NJNjnj
Character=J0Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of J:
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English
Pronunciation
- (letter name): enPR: jā, IPA(key): /dʒeɪ/
Audio (US) (file) Audio (UK) (file) - Rhymes: -eɪ
- (archaic or dialectal, Scotland) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʒaɪ/
- Rhymes: -aɪ
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /dʒ/
Letter
Usage notes
Derived terms
See also
Noun
j (plural js)
- (slang) A term for a marijuana cigarette ('joint').
- "I went outside to smoke myself a J" — Paul Simon, from the song "Late in the Evening" from the album, "One Trick Pony."
- (mathematics) An alternative version of i, the positive square root of -1; used in the context of electronics.
- (mathematics) The second unit vector, after i
Etymology 2
Abbreviation.
Basque
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Central Mazahua
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [h], [j]
Chipewyan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t͜ʃ/
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
- (letter name): IPA(key): /jeː/
Egyptian
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /i/
- Conventional anglicization: i
Alternative forms
Descendants
- Old Coptic: ⲏⲓ (ēi)
Usage notes
By historical times, this verb is used almost exclusively as part of the quotative jn in its various forms.
Noun
m
- (rare) statement, report, word (about someone’s good qualities) [Pyramid Texts]
- c. 2255 BCE – 2246 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Merenre — west wall of the corridor’s north section, line 25–27, spell 609.18–22:[1]
- jn m j n (j)fd(w) jpw jꜣtjw
ḥmsw ḥr ḏꜥb.sn prrjw m gs jꜣb n(j) pt
wṯz.sn j.k pn nfr n nḥb-kꜣw
ḏd.n n.k zꜣt.k jdt
wṯz nḥb-kꜣw j.k pn nfr n psḏtj
- Translation by Allen[2]
- A statement will be fetched to the four mound-gods who sit at their charcoal-burning and emerge from the eastern side of the sky, and they will bear this good statement of you, which your daughter the Cow has spoken for you, to Kas-Assigner, and Kas-Assigner will bear this good statement of you to the Dual Ennead.
- jn m j n (j)fd(w) jpw jꜣtjw
- c. 2246 BCE – 2152 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi II — east wall of the corridor’s south section, line 6–8, spell 609.18–22:[3]
- [jn jj]j n(j) ppy [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ n jfdw jpw jꜣtjw
ḥmsw ḥr ḏꜥb.sn prrjw m] gs jꜣb n(j) pt
[wṯz].sn jjj n(j) [ppy] nfr-kꜣ-[rꜥ] pn nfr n nḥ[b-kꜣw]
[… p]py [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ] ḏ[d.n n.k zꜣt].k [jd]t
wṯz nḥb-kꜣw jj[j n(j)] ppy nfr-kꜣ-rꜥ pn [nfr n psḏtj]
- Translation by Allen (modified)[2]
- [A state]ment of Pepi [Nefer]ka[re will be fetched to the four mound-gods who sit at their charcoal-burning and emerge from] the eastern side of the sky, and they [will bear] this good statement of [Pepi] Neferka[re … Pe]pi [Nefer]ka[re], which your [daughter the Co]w [has] spo[ken for you], to [Kas-As]signer, and Kas-Assigner will bear this [good] state[ment of] Pepi Neferkare [to the Dual Ennead].
- [jn jj]j n(j) ppy [nfr]-kꜣ-[rꜥ n jfdw jpw jꜣtjw
Usage notes
The above quotes constitute all the known attestations of this word.
Alternative forms
jjj | j |
Alternative forms
References
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 25, 25.5
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 7
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 199, 319, 455.
- Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 609.18–22 (Pyr. 1708a–1708f), M
- Allen, James (2005) The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, page 230
- Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 609.18–22 (Pyr. 1708a–1708f), N
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /jo/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /j/
Audio (file)
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and j for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
French
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ʒi/
Fula
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dʒ/
Gothic
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈj]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈjeː]
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | j | j-k |
accusative | j-t | j-ket |
dative | j-nek | j-knek |
instrumental | j-vel | j-kkel |
causal-final | j-ért | j-kért |
translative | j-vé | j-kké |
terminative | j-ig | j-kig |
essive-formal | j-ként | j-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | j-ben | j-kben |
superessive | j-n | j-ken |
adessive | j-nél | j-knél |
illative | j-be | j-kbe |
sublative | j-re | j-kre |
allative | j-hez | j-khez |
elative | j-ből | j-kből |
delative | j-ről | j-kről |
ablative | j-től | j-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
j-é | j-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
j-éi | j-kéi |
Possessive forms of j | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | j-m | j-im |
2nd person sing. | j-d | j-id |
3rd person sing. | j-je | j-i |
1st person plural | j-nk | j-ink |
2nd person plural | j-tek | j-itek |
3rd person plural | j-jük | j-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- j in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /d͡ʒe/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Italian
Letter
j f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case J)
- the tenth letter of the Latin alphabet, called i lunga in Italian
Usage notes
- The letter J is not considered part of the contemporary Italian alphabet. See under J.
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [j]
(file) |
Livonian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /j/
Malay
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Middle English
Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /jeː/, /jodː/, [jeː], [jɔdː]
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [j], [jː]
Letter
j (upper case J)
- Antepenultimate letter of the Norwegian alphabet, coming after i and before k.
Polish
Etymology
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /j/
Letter
j (upper case J, lower case)
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /ʒ/
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ˈʒɔ.tɐ/
Audio (BR) (file)
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /j/
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
References
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “J, j”, in ニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, →ISBN, page 14
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
- J (uppercase)
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /j/
Letter
j (Cyrillic spelling ј)
Silesian
Etymology
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and j for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (phoneme) /x/
- IPA(key): (letter name) /ˈxota/ [ˈxo.t̪a]
- (Castilian)
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ota
- (Castilian)
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Swedish
Pronunciation
- Letter name
- IPA(key): /jiː/
- Phoneme
- IPA(key): /j/, /ɧ/
- Homophone: g (in some positions)
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈdjej/ [ˈd͡ʒɛɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- Rhymes: -ej
- IPA(key): /ˈhota/ [ˈho.tɐ] (letter name, Abecedario)
- Rhymes: -ota
- IPA(key): /d͡ʒ/ [d͡ʒ] (phoneme)
- IPA(key): /h/ [h] (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords)
- IPA(key): /s/ [s] (phoneme, Spanish unadapted loanwords, obsolete)
- IPA(key): /ˈdjej/ [ˈd͡ʒɛɪ̯] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J, Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜌ᜔)
- The tenth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called dyey and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- This letter is mostly used only in slang, proper nouns, or unadapted loanwords.
- Some purists of Tagalog replace j in words with dy.
See also
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J, Baybayin spelling ᜑᜓᜆ)
- (historical) The eleventh letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called jota and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- Some Spanish words originally with Spanish j tend to be replaced with h in Tagalog.
Further reading
- “j”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʒ/
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ʒeː/
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
Yoruba
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
Zulu
Letter
j (lower case, upper case J)