é
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English
Bourguignon
Etymology
From Old French el, contraction of en + lou. This form is now archaic and replaced by au from ài + lou, but may still be encountered in fixed sentences and proverbs.
Usage notes
Now used mainly in fixed sentences and proverbs like laissai ailai le chait é formaige.
Related terms
References
- Vocabulaire raisonné et comparé du dialecte et du patois de la province de Bourgogne, by Thomas Mignard, 1870.
Czech
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈɛː]
Fala
Hokkien
For pronunciation and definitions of é – see 矮 (“short; low; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 矮). |
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈeː]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈeː]
Letter
é (lower case, upper case É)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | é | é-k |
accusative | é-t | é-ket |
dative | é-nek | é-knek |
instrumental | é-vel | é-kkel |
causal-final | é-ért | é-kért |
translative | é-vé | é-kké |
terminative | é-ig | é-kig |
essive-formal | é-ként | é-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | é-ben | é-kben |
superessive | é-n | é-ken |
adessive | é-nél | é-knél |
illative | é-be | é-kbe |
sublative | é-re | é-kre |
allative | é-hez | é-khez |
elative | é-ből | é-kből |
delative | é-ről | é-kről |
ablative | é-től | é-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
é-é | é-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
é-éi | é-kéi |
Possessive forms of é | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | é-m | é-im |
2nd person sing. | é-d | é-id |
3rd person sing. | é-je | é-i |
1st person plural | é-nk | é-ink |
2nd person plural | é-tek | é-itek |
3rd person plural | é-jük | é-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- é in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- é in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /jɛː/
- Rhymes: -jɛː
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish é, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eː/, /ə/; (after ba) /jeː/
See also
Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eː/
See also
- (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
- (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
- (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ
- (Latin-script letter names) litir; á, bé, cé, dé, é, eif, gé, héis, í, jé, cá, eil, eim, ein, ó, pé, cú, ear, eas, té, ú, vé, wae, ex, yé, zae
- Note: The English names are also widely used by Irish speakers.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e/
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and é for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
é (lower case, upper case É)
Mandarin
Alternative forms
- e — nonstandard
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Romanization
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 俄
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吪
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哦
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 囫
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 娥
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 峨
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 峩
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 枙
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 涐
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 珴
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 皒
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 睋
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 硪
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 磀
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 莪
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蛾
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 訛/讹
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 誐/𰵮
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 譌/𰵑
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 讹
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 迗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鈋/𨱂
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鋧/𰽢
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 锄
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 隲
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 頟/额
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 額/额
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 额
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 騀/𱅗
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 魤
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵝/鹅
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵞/鹅
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鹅
Muong
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛh. Cognate with Vietnamese ỉa (“to shit”).
In Mường Bi (and pretty much all Muong lects, per Ngữ âm tiếng Mường qua các phương ngôn), this word is both a verb and a noun, unlike the Vietnamese word, which is strictly verbal. The cognate of Vietnamese cứt seems to be lost in all Muong lects.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʔɛ⁵/
References
- Nguyễn Văn Khang, Bùi Chỉ, Hoàng Văn Hành (2002) Từ điển Mường - Việt (Muong - Vietnamese dictionary), Nhà xuất bản Văn hoá Dân tộc Hà Nội
Noon
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e̘/
Old Galician-Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɛ/
Verb
é
- third-person singular present indicative of seer
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, To codex, cantiga 5 (facsimile):
- Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
- This 19th is about how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer through the great pains she underwent.
- Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- hé, hǽ
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eː/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *es or *ēs, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronoun
é (feminine sí, neuter ed, emphatic ésom)
- he
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4c3
- Is hé as airchinnech inna n-uile.
- It is he who is the chief of all.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4c3
- it (referring to a masculine noun)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- Ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.
- It is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
Etymology 2
From Proto-Celtic *eyes (nom. pl.) or *ens (acc. pl.) (compare Middle Welsh wy), from Proto-Indo-European *éy.
Pronoun
é (emphatic ésom)
- they
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4a8
- Nitat pecthi collnidi híccatar and ind echt so cebtar hé riam.
- It is not fleshly sins that are paid for there now, though it was they before.
- Nitat pecthi collnidi híccatar and ind echt so cebtar hé riam.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4a8
Picard
Etymology
From Old French ef, from Latin apem.
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɛ/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈɛ/
- Rhymes: -ɛ
- Hyphenation: é
Audio (Brazil - São Paulo) (file)
Alternative forms
- he (obsolete)
Alternative forms
Interjection
é
Rawang
Prefix
é
- marker of speech act participant involvement, but speaker is not actor.
Slovene
Pronunciation
- (sound): IPA(key): /éː/, /èː/
- (letter name): IPA(key): /òːski èː/, /òːski éː/ (ozki e)
- Rhymes: -eː
Letter
é (upper case, lower case é)
- Additional letter, used to denote the long stress on close-mid e.
Pronunciation
- (sound): IPA(key): /ɛ́ː/, /ɛ̀ː/
- (letter name): IPA(key): /akutìːrani ʃirɔ̀ːki èː/, /akutìːrani ʃirɔ̀ːki éː/ (akutirani široki e)
- Rhymes: -eː
Pronunciation
- (sound): IPA(key): /ɛ/
Letter
é (lower case, usually not in upper case)
- (Natisone Valley dialect) Additional letter, used in some words to denote the short stress on e.
Pronunciation
- (Resian, sound): IPA(key): /ɛ/
References
- Toporišič, Jože (2000) Slovenska slovnica / Jože Toporišič. - 4. prenovljena in razširjena izd. (in Slovene), Maribor: Obzorja, →ISBN
- Steenwijk, Han (1994) Ortografia resiana = Tö jošt rozajanskë pïsanjë (overall work in Italian and Slovene), Padua: CLEUP
- Špehonja, Nino (2012) Nediška gramatika (in Italian), Poligrafice San Marco
Spanish
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈeː/
Usage notes
Further reading
- é on the Swedish Wikipedia.Wikipedia sv
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˨˩˦]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˦˥]
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ˈɛ/
Letter
é (upper case É)
- The letter E, marked for its short pronunciation when in a stressed final syllable of a polysyllabic word.