b
|
|
|
Translingual
Etymology
Modification of capital letter B by dropping its upper loop, from the Greek letter Β (B, “Beta”).
Pronunciation
IPA (file) - A voiced bilabial stop is made with the lips alone, by a complete closure cutting off all exit of breath from the mouth, but with accompanying sonant vibrations of the vocal chords, the current of air necessary to produce this being driven from the lungs into the closed cavity of the mouth.[1] The corresponding voiceless stop is p.
Symbol
b
- (IPA) a voiced bilabial plosive.
- (superscript ⟨ᵇ⟩, IPA) [b]-onset (prestopping / preocclusion / preplosion), [b]-release (e.g. ⟨ɡᵇ⟩ for [ɡ͡b]), [b]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [b].
- (physics) A bottom quark.
- (music) Alternative form of ♭ (“flat”)
Usage notes
The letter b is used in several romanization systems to represent the bilabial plosive or stop, usually voiced (/b/), including Cyrillic б (b, “be”), Zhuyin fuhao ㄅ, and Korean jamo ㅂ (b, “bieup”).
Gallery
See also
- (IPA): p (“voiceless bilabial plosive”)
- (Latin script): Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
- For more variations, see Appendix:Variations of "b".
Character=B2Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of B:
|
References
- William Dwight Whitney and Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1914), “b”, in The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language, revised edition, volumes I (A–C), New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
Further reading
- Voiced bilabial stop on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
English
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /b/ (see also Pronunciation under Translingual)
- (letter name) IPA(key): /biː/
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) - (letter name) Rhymes: -iː
- (letter name) Homophones: be, bee, Bea
Letter
Usage notes
In Modern English, the letter b is sometimes silent, as when final after m, in climb, lamb, limb, tomb, thumb, and in a few other cases, such as debt and doubt. In most of these cases b is a modern graphic insertion, and was never pronounced (in the English forms); see limb, thumb, debt, and doubt.[1]
See also
Number
b (lower case, upper case B)
Symbol
b
Derived terms
See also
Etymology 3
Abbreviations.
Verb
b
- (text messaging) Abbreviation of be.
- ima prolly b at home tn
- 2020 February 27, u/Sneasel_, “adding everyone!”, in Reddit, r/friendsafari, archived from the original on 11 November 2023:
- i am looking for any safari i am trying to fill my dex and it would b rly nice :D especially fire,ice, flying, since i don't a lot of those but everyone is welcome to add me :DD
- 2021 October 27, @heluvstat, Twitter, archived from the original on 11 November 2023:
- if u aren't tryna b like this don't hmu
- 2023 October 27, u/electriccitydrive, “How do I become obsessed with studying”, in Reddit, r/GetStudying, archived from the original on 11 November 2023:
- I wanna b like those girls who study NON STOP and are basically addicted to studying, any tips?
- 2023 November 6, @1tyreece, Twitter, archived from the original on 11 November 2023:
- school pizza party pizza b like
Symbol
b
- (stenoscript) a single consonant /b/ in a word, or a dominant /b/ in a cluster.
- (stenoscript) the sequence /biː/
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of be and inflections being, been.
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of by and homophones buy, bye.
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of but.
References
- William Dwight Whitney and Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1914), “b”, in The Century Dictionary: An Encyclopedic Lexicon of the English Language, revised edition, volumes I (A–C), New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
Afar
Catalan
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Central Mazahua
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɓ/
Chipewyan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /p/
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
- (letter name): IPA(key): /beː/
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /bo/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /b/
Audio (file) - Homophone (letter name): bo-
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Estonian
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
See also
Noun
Declension
Declension of b (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | b- | b-d | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | b- | ||
genitive | b-de | ||
partitive | b-d | b-id b-sid | |
illative | b-sse | b-desse b-isse | |
inessive | b-s | b-des b-is | |
elative | b-st | b-dest b-ist | |
allative | b-le | b-dele b-ile | |
adessive | b-l | b-del b-il | |
ablative | b-lt | b-delt b-ilt | |
translative | b-ks | b-deks b-iks | |
terminative | b-ni | b-deni | |
essive | b-na | b-dena | |
abessive | b-ta | b-deta | |
comitative | b-ga | b-dega |
(music):
Declension of b (ÕS type 26i/idee, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | b' | b'd | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | b' | ||
genitive | b'de | ||
partitive | b'd | b'id b'sid | |
illative | b'sse | b'desse b'isse | |
inessive | b's | b'des b'is | |
elative | b'st | b'dest b'ist | |
allative | b'le | b'dele b'ile | |
adessive | b'l | b'del b'il | |
ablative | b'lt | b'delt b'ilt | |
translative | b'ks | b'deks b'iks | |
terminative | b'ni | b'deni | |
essive | b'na | b'dena | |
abessive | b'ta | b'deta | |
comitative | b'ga | b'dega |
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /p/
Finnish
Etymology 1
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and b for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Usage notes
- Used only in loanwords.
See also
Etymology 2
Usage notes
Declension
Declension of b (type maa)
|
French
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /be/
Audio (file)
Gothic
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈb]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈbeː]
Audio (file)
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | b | b-k |
accusative | b-t | b-ket |
dative | b-nek | b-knek |
instrumental | b-vel | b-kkel |
causal-final | b-ért | b-kért |
translative | b-vé | b-kké |
terminative | b-ig | b-kig |
essive-formal | b-ként | b-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | b-ben | b-kben |
superessive | b-n | b-ken |
adessive | b-nél | b-knél |
illative | b-be | b-kbe |
sublative | b-re | b-kre |
allative | b-hez | b-khez |
elative | b-ből | b-kből |
delative | b-ről | b-kről |
ablative | b-től | b-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
b-é | b-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
b-éi | b-kéi |
Possessive forms of b | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | b-m | b-im |
2nd person sing. | b-d | b-id |
3rd person sing. | b-je | b-i |
1st person plural | b-nk | b-ink |
2nd person plural | b-tek | b-itek |
3rd person plural | b-jük | b-ik |
Derived terms
- B-dúr
- b-moll
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
- B-dúr
- bé
Further reading
- (the letter): b in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (in music: “B-flat”): b in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (in music, rare): b , synonym of bé (“♭”), defined at bé in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’An Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- b in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /pjɛː/
Ido
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /be/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /b/
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Italian
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and b for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [b]
(file) |
Livonian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /b/
Lushootseed
Malay
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /b/
- IPA(key): /p/ (per final devoicing or assimilation to a following voiceless obstruent)
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
Etymology
Modification of the capital letter B by dropping its upper loop, from Latin B, from Etruscan 𐌁 (b, “be”), from Ancient Greek Β (B, “beta”), from the Phoenician 𐤁 (b, “bet”), from Proto-Canaanite , from Proto-Sinaitic , from Egyptian 𓉐, representing the plan of a house.
Pronunciation
Letter
b (upper case B)
Noun
b m (definite singular b-en, indefinite plural b-er, definite plural b-ene)
- the letter b, the second letter of the Norwegian alphabet
- (music) the tone h lowered by half a step
- 1944, Børre Qvamme, Musikk, pages 35–36:
- enhver tone er mangetydig, fiss er også gess, diss er ess, b er aiss og så videre
- every tone is ambiguous, fiss is also gess, diss is ace, b is aiss and so on
- 2000, Bjørnar Pedersen og Egil Birkeland, Hillman Hunter:
- skotske sekkepiper stemmes i B
- Scottish bagpipes are tuned in B
- (music) a B-flat (sign indicating that the following note is to be lowered by half a step)
- 1974, Jens Bjørneboe, Haiene, page 98:
- ingen vil påstå at notebladet med nøkler, kryss og b’er er selve musikken
- no one will claim that the sheet music with keys, crosses and bs is the music itself
- (physics) symbol for bar (“bar”)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /beː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /b/
Audio (file) - Homophone: be
Polish
Etymology
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and b for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /b/, or IPA(key): /p/ if devoiced
Letter
b (upper case B, lower case)
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /b/
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Silesian
Etymology
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and b for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Skolt Sami
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /b/
Slovene
Etymology
From Gay's Latin alphabet b, from Czech alphabet b, from Latin b, modification of capital letter B by dropping its upper loop, which is derived from the Etruscan letter 𐌁 (b, “be”), from the Ancient Greek letter Β (B, “beta”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤁 (b, “bet”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓉐. Pronunciation as IPA(key): /bə/ is initial Slovene (phoneme plus a fill vowel) and the second pronunciation is probably taken from German B.
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /b/, [p], [b̪]
- (letter name): IPA(key): /bə́/, /bèː/, /béː/
Audio (letter name, non-tonal) (file) - Rhymes: -ə, -eː
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Inflection
- Overall more common
Masculine inan., soft o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | b | ||
gen. sing. | b-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
b | b-ja | b-ji |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
b-ja | b-jev | b-jev |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
b-ju | b-jema | b-jem |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
b | b-ja | b-je |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
b-ju | b-jih | b-jih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
b-jem | b-jema | b-ji |
- More common when with a definite adjective
Masculine inan., no endings | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | b | ||
gen. sing. | b | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | b | b | b |
accusative | b | b | b |
genitive | b | b | b |
dative | b | b | b |
locative | b | b | b |
instrumental | b | b | b |
Derived terms
- če si rekel a, reci tudi b
- ƀ
See also
Further reading
- “b”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /beː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /b/
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
See also
References
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈbi/ [ˈbi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- Rhymes: -i
- IPA(key): /ˈbe/ [ˈbɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
- Rhymes: -e
- IPA(key): /ˈba/ [ˈba] (letter name, Abakada alphabet)
- Rhymes: -a
- IPA(key): /b/ [b] (phoneme)
- IPA(key): /ˈbi/ [ˈbi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒ)
- The second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called bi and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called be and written in the Latin script.
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B, Baybayin spelling ᜊ)
- The second letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called ba and written in the Latin script.
See also
Further reading
- “b”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /b/
- (letter name) IPA(key): /beː/
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Turkmen
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /b/
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓe˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓej˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓej˧˧]
- Phonetic: bêThe template Template:vi-IPA does not use the parameter(s):
2=bê bò 3=bờ
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Letter
b (upper case B)
See also
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA(key): /biː/
- (informal) IPA(key): /bə/
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
Mutation
- b at the beginning of words mutates to f in a soft mutation, to m in a nasal mutation and is unchanged by aspirate mutation, for example with the word bara (“bread”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
bara | unchanged | ||
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “b”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yoruba
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
Zulu
Letter
b (lower case, upper case B)