tos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tos"

Aragonese

Etymology

Pluralization of the second-person singular object pronoun te.

Pronoun

tos (Belsetán, Benasquese, Chistabín, Low Ribagorçan, Somontano, Tensino)

  1. Second-person plural dative and accusative pronoun; you

Usage notes
  • In Ribagorçan it takes the form to' before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

See also
Aragonese personal pronouns
nominative disjunctive dative accusative
first person singular yo me, m'2
plural masculine nusatros1.1 nos1.6
feminine nusatras1.1
second person singular familiar tú te, t'2
formal vusté,1.2 vos
plural familiar masculine vusatros1.3 vos, tos3
feminine vusatras1.3
formal vustés,1.2 vos
third person singular masculine él1.4 le1.7 lo,1.8 l'2
feminine ella1.5 la
plural masculine els, ellos1.4 les1.7 los1.9
feminine ellas1.5 las
reflexive — se, s'2
  1. The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
    1. nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
    2. usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
    3. vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
    4. ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
    5. era(s) (Belsetán).
    6. mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
    7. li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
    8. el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
    9. es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
  2. The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
  3. In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

References
  • “os”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Asturian

Etymology 1

From Latin tussis, tussem, from Proto-Italic *tussis, from Proto-Indo-European *tud-ti-s (“cough”), from *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).

Alternative forms

Noun

tos f (plural tos)

  1. cough (expulsion of air from the lungs)

Etymology 2

See to

Adjective

tos

  1. plural of to

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Catalan tos, from Latin tussis, from Proto-Italic *tussis.

Pronunciation

Noun

tos f (invariable)

  1. cough
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From tossa.

Pronunciation

Noun

tos m (plural tossos)

  1. (anatomy) occiput
    Synonym: tossa
  2. (heraldry) caboshed head of an animal charge
    un tos de cérvol ― a stag's head caboshed
Alternative forms
  • tòs (traditional Valencian spelling)
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *tōs, reduced form of Latin tuōs.

Pronunciation
  • (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /tus/ (always unstressed)
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /tos/ (always unstressed)

Determiner

tos

  1. masculine plural of ton
Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Participle

tos (feminine tosa, masculine plural tosos, feminine plural toses)

  1. past participle of tondre

Pronunciation

Verb

tos

  1. (Balearic) first-person singular present indicative of tossar

Further reading

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin tussis, tussem, from Proto-Italic *tussis, from Proto-Indo-European *tud-ti-s (“cough”), from *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).

Noun

tos m (plural tos)

  1. cough

German

Verb

tos

  1. singular imperative of tosen
  2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of tosen

Latvian

Pronoun

tos

  1. those; accusative plural masculine of tas

Lombard

Etymology

Akin to Venetian tóxo.

Noun

tos

  1. boy

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *teRas (“heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood; ironwood tree”). Doublet of twas (“hardness; core, heart”).

Noun

tos

  1. descendant, offspring
  2. product

Descendants
  • Javanese: ꦠꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (tos)

Further reading
  • "tos" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish توز (toz, “dust”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtos/
  • Rhymes: -os

Adjective

tos m or f or n (indeclinable)

  1. Only used in zahăr tos (“castor sugar”).

References

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish tos, from Latin tussem, tussis (“a cough”), from Proto-Italic *tussis, from Proto-Indo-European *tud-ti-s (“cough”), from *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtos/ [ˈt̪os]
  • Rhymes: -os
  • Syllabification: tos

Noun

tos f (plural toses)

  1. cough
    tengo tos ― I have a cough

Derived terms

Further reading

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English toast.

Noun

tos

  1. toast

Etymology 2

From English torch.

Noun

tos

  1. torch
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