ve
Translingual
English
Etymology 2
First proposed by Philologus in the July 1864 Ladies' Repository, with possessive vis and objective vim, as an alternative to using "he or she," singular they, or one in sentences without a specified gender.[1] In 1970, Varda One proposed ve, vis and objective ver in a feminist article titled "Manglish."[2] Greg Egan used the pronouns throughout the novels Distress (1995) and Diaspora (1998).
Pronoun
ve (third-person singular, nominative case, accusative ver, possessive adjective vis, possessive noun vers, reflexive verself)
- (rare, epicene, nonstandard) Gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to singular they.
- [1984, Keri Hulme, The Bone People, reprint edition, New York: Penguin Books, published 1986, →ISBN, pages 425–426:
- And stop calling it 'it': yer got yer one great invention, remember Holmes? The neuter personal pronoun; ve/ver/vis, I am not his, vis/ve/ver, nor am I for her, ver/vis/ve, a pronoun for me, (slopping another tin of water out ready).]
- 1997, Greg Egan, Diaspora, reprint edition, New York: HarperPrism, published 1998, →ISBN, page 52:
- Yatima felt distinctly stretched by the process—but vis symbols were still connected to each other in the same way as before. Ve was still verself.
Synonyms
- see Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns
Pronoun
ve
- Pronunciation spelling of we.
- 1872, Charles Camden, “The Travelling Menagerie”, in George Mac Donald, editor, Good Words for the Young, London: Strahan & Co., […], chapter V (A Tiger Hunt in England), page 208, column 1:
- Ve vill go to de Sheafen Farm, and ve vill stay at de Sheafen Farm, is it not?
- 2000 July 8, J. K. Rowling [pseudonym; Joanne Rowling], “The Yule Ball”, in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (Harry Potter; 4), London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 363:
- But ve have grounds larger even than these – though in vinter, ve have very little daylight, so ve are not enjoying them.
- 2011, Roberta C. M. DeCaprio, chapter 9, in A Rose in Amber, Wild Rose Press, →ISBN:
- “My calculations predict another day or so. Ve vill be docking in Liverpool.”
- 2016, Sara Buttsworth, Maartje Abbenhuis, War, Myths, and Fairy Tales - Page 103:
- In Johnny Canuck, a Nazi guard says: “Look, gentlemen of der turd reich. Ve haf captured Johnny Canuck and all his friends.”
Derived terms
References
- Philologus. “Notes and Queries: An Epicene Personal Pronoun Needed.” The Ladies’ Repository, July 1864, p. 439. Archived here
- Verda One. “Manglish.” Everywoman, 8 May 1970, p. 2.
Aiwoo
Etymology
From Proto-Oceanic *poli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəli, from Proto-Austronesian *bəli.
References
- Lackey, W.J.. & Boerger, B.H. (2021) “Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic's Temotu subgroup”, in Oceanic Linguistics.
Albanian
Etymology 1
From Old Tosk *vae, from Old Albanian vōe (still at Malagija),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”). Orel, citing Bopp, Camarda and Çabej, argues the Old Albanian word descends from a borrowing from Latin ōvum.[2] The PIE etymology was earlier supported by Norbert Jokl.
Declension
Hyponyms
- ve fërgesë (“fried egg”)
- ve peshku (“fish roe”)
- ve surbull (“soft-boiled egg”)
- ve llukë (“rotten egg”)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Albanian *widewā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂ (compare English widow, Latin vidua).
Alternative forms
- vejë
References
- Martin E. Huld, Basic Albanian Etymologies (Columbus, OH: Slavica, 1984), 125.
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ve”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 497
Arigidi
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vè/
Derived terms
- àvè (“the act of going”)
References
- B. Oshodi, The HTS (High Tone Syllable) in Arigidi: An Introduction, in the Nordic Journal of African Studies 20(4): 263–275 (2011)
- Boluwaji Oshodi (2011 December) A Reference Grammar of Arigidi, Montem Paperbacks, →ISBN
Catalan
Usage notes
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɛ]
audio (file)
Usage notes
- The more usual form is v, while ve is used before words starting with f, v, w and certain consonant clusters.
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse vei, from Proto-Germanic *wai.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /veːˀ/, [ˈʋeːˀ]
- Rhymes: -eːˀ
Declension
Further reading
- “ve” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “ve” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
East Masela
References
- Taber, M. (1993). Toward a better understanding of the indigenous languages of southwestern Maluku. Oceanic Linguistics. 32:2. pp. 389-441. Cited in: "East Masela" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from German weh, from Proto-Germanic *wai, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wáy (“oh!; woe!; alas!”). Compare Yiddish וויי (vey), Dutch wee, Latin vae, Ancient Greek οὐαί (ouaí), Spanish guay, Italian guai, dialectal French vé, Welsh gwae, Latvian vai, Persian وای (vây), Arabic وَيْل (wayl).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ve]
- Hyphenation: ve
Audio: (file)
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /veː/
Galician
Verb
ve
- inflection of ver:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Ido
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ve/, /vɛ/
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvɛ/, [ˈfɛ]
Synonyms
- vi (Standard Malay)
See also
Further reading
- “ve” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ve/
- Rhymes: -e
- Hyphenation: ve
Pronoun
ve
- Alternative form of vi (“to you”)
- Ve lo consiglio ― I recommend it (to you)
- Ve ne ne sarei molto grato ― It would be nice of you
See also
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Japanese
Lahu
Mandarin
Usage notes
- 《汉语拼音方案》 (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) defines a standard pronunciation for each letter in Hanyu Pinyin with Zhuyin. In the case of V, it is defined as ㄪㄝ, using the otherwise-obsolete initial ㄪ (vō /v/). This is one of the only instances of the letter being used in standard Pinyin.
- 《汉语拼音方案》 (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) defines a standard pronunciation for each letter in Hanyu Pinyin with Zhuyin. ㄝ (/ɛ/) typically only occurs in syllables with an initial glide (e.g. ㄧㄝ (-ie /i̯ɛ/)), where it is romanized as e. When it occurs in syllables without an initial glide, however, it is romanized as ê in order to distinguish it from ㄜ (-e /ɤ/). Such instances are rare, and are only found in interjections or neologisms.
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle English
Neapolitan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ve/
- Rhymes: -e
Coordinate terms
Number | Person | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Reflexive | Possessive | Prepositional |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | first-person | io (i') | me | mìo, mìa, mieje, meje | me, méne | ||
second-person, familiar | tu | te | tùjo, tòja, tùoje, tòje | te, téne | |||
second-person, formal | vuje | ve | vuósto, vósta, vuóste, vóste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsso | 'o, 'u (lo, lu) | 'i, 'e (li, le) | se | sùjo, sòja, sùoje, sòje | ìsso | |
third-person, feminine | éssa | 'a (la) | 'e (le) | éssa | |||
plural | first-person | nuje | ce | nuósto, nòsta, nuóste, nòste | nuje | ||
second-person, plural | vuje | ve | vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste | vuje | |||
third-person, masculine | ìsse | 'i, 'e (li, le) | llòro | se | llòro (invariable) | llòro | |
third-person, feminine | llòro | 'e (le) |
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Old Norse vé, from Proto-Germanic *wīhą.
Derived terms
Related terms
Male given names:
Female given names:
- Vebjørg
- Vedis
- Veelv
- Vefrid
- Vefrøya
- Vegjerd
- Vegunn
- Velaug
- Veny
- Veråd
Etymology 2
From Old Norse vei, væ, from Proto-Germanic *wai.
Related terms
- våla
Etymology 3
From Old Norse vé, from Low German. Compare the interjection above.
Noun
ve m (definite singular veen, indefinite plural vear, definite plural veane)
- birth pang
- Synonym: (føde)ri
- pain, longing
- ve og vel ― welfare (literally, “pain and wellness”)
Derived terms
- fødselsve
References
- “ve” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Slovene
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋéː/
Pronoun
vẹ̑
Inflection
singular | |||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | jàz | tí | — |
accusative | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
genitive | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
dative | méni, mi | tébi, ti | sébi, si |
locative | méni | tébi | sébi |
instrumental | menój, máno | tebój, tábo | sebój, sábo |
possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
dual | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mídva m, médve/mídve f or n | vídva m, védve/vídve f or n | — |
accusative | náju | váju | sébe, se |
genitive | náju | váju | sébe, se |
dative | náma | váma | sébi, si |
locative | náju | váju | sébi |
instrumental | náma | váma | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nájin | vájin | svój |
plural | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mí m, mé f or n | ví m, vé f or n | — |
accusative | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
genitive | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
dative | nàm | vàm | sébi, si |
locative | nàs | vàs | sébi |
instrumental | nàmi | vàmi | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nàš | vàš | svój |
See also
singular | dual | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | m | jaz | midva | mi | |
f or n | medve, midve | me | |||
2nd person | familiar tikanje |
m | ti | vidva | vi |
f or n | vedve, vidve | ve | |||
3rd person | m | on | onadva | oni | |
f | ona | onedve, onidve | one | ||
n | ono | onedve, onidve | ona | ||
Polite forms (not differentiated in dual and plural) | singular | ||||
polite vikanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 2rd person plural masculine |
vi, Vi | ||||
very polite onikanje – instead of 2nd or 3rd person, binds with forms for 3rd person plural masculine (archaic) |
oni | ||||
hyper polite onokanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular neuter (obsolete) |
ono | ||||
patriarchal onkanje – instead of 2nd person, binds with forms for 3rd person singular masculine (obsolete) |
on |
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbe/ [ˈbe]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: ve
- Homophone: be
Derived terms
References
Verb
ve
- inflection of ver:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
- second-person singular voseo imperative
Usage notes
References
Further reading
- “ve”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish ve, from Old Norse vei, væ, from Proto-Germanic *wai, from Proto-Indo-European *wai.
Cognate with Danish ve, Icelandic vei, Old Saxon and Middle High German wê, German weh, Dutch wee, Old English wá, English woe, and also Latin vae. The interjection is original in Old Swedish. The noun might have appeared from that interjection or by loan from Middle Low German.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /veː/
- Rhymes: -eː
- Homophone: V (the letter)
Interjection
ve
- woe, pity you!
- ve dig!
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- ack och ve!
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Noun
ve n
Declension
Declension of ve | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | ve | ve | ve | ve |
Genitive | ves | ves | ves | ves |
Derived terms
- veklaga
- veklagan
- vemod
- verop
Related terms
References
- ve in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
- ve in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)
- ve in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
Anagrams
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈve/ [ˈvɛ]
- IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /ˈbe/ [ˈbɛ]
- Rhymes: -e
- Syllabification: ve
Noun
ve (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒ)
- (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter V/v, in the Abecedario
- Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) vi
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [vɛ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [vɛ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [vɛ˧˧] ~ [jɛ˧˧]
- Homophone: de
Etymology 1
From Middle Vietnamese ue. Probably onomatopoeic, from the cry of the cicada.
See also
- ve bét
- ve chó