de

• (ISO 639-1): Clipping of German Deutsch
• (radio slang): From French de.

de

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.

   Coordinate term: deu

2. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).

de (plural des)

1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.

• dee (Northumberland)

de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

1. (Northumbria) Alternative form of dee (“to do”).

• Frank Graham (1987) The New Geordie Dictionary, →ISBN
• Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin,
• Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
• A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN

de

1. (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
   • 1964 [1929], William Faulkner, Sartoris (The Collected Works of William Faulkner), London: Chatto & Windus, page 22:

     “He went to’ds de back, ma’am.” The negro opened the door and slid his legs, clad in army O.D. and a pair of linoleum putties, to the ground. “‘I’ll go git ’im.”’

   • 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun‎, archived from the original on 2022-12-12:

     So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.

de

1. A meaningless unstressed syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.

   "Dum de dum, dum de dum", he hummed as he sauntered down the road.

Borrowed from French de (“of”).

de

1. (historical) Used in the titles of French nobility; of.
   • 2009 November 5, Alex von Tunzelmann, “The Affair of the Necklace: nothing to get hot under the collar over”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-10:

     Conwoman Jeanne de La Motte stole a 2,800-carat diamond necklace, The Slave's Collar, by convincing the Cardinal de Rohan that Queen Marie-Antoinette wanted it.

   • 2014, Alina García-Lapuerta, La Belle Créole: The Cuban Countess Who Captivated Havana, Madrid, and Paris, Chicago, I.L.: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, page 236:

     When Prosper Mérimée had next seen Mercedes after Spain, in March 1846, he told the Countess de Montijo that Mercedes "looked less well preserved [and] limped a little."

• “de, prep.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

• -ed, -èd, E.D., ED, Ed, Ed., ed, ed-, ed.

Compare Romanian di, employed with horses or oxen for the same purpose.

de

1. Denotes intensity, often after imperatives or some adverbs.

   Fol de! ― Speak!

   Ashtu de! ― This manner! (expressing happiness or satisfaction for the work done)

   Hë të lumtë goja, de! ― May thy mouth be blessed!

2. Spurs a horse to move: giddyup

• “de”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• “de”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980

• der (preconsonantic & prevocalic)
• der (prevocalic, besides preconsonantic de)
• d'r, dr (Bern)

de

1. (definite) the
   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:

     [...] Fründ der Natur [...]

   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:

     [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:

     [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:

     [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:

     [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:

     Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
     Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:

     Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]

Zürich:

Thurgau:

From Latin dē.

de

1. of, from

• The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).

• d'
• del

• IPA^(key): [dè]

de

1. emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)

   A ma i wele. A ye ne de wele

   He didn't call you. It was me that called

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

• IPA^(key): /de/, [d̪e̞]

de inan

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

• d' (unstressed form)

Cognate with German German die.

de

1. stressed nominative/accusative singular feminine of der
2. stressed nominative/accusative/dative plural of der

de

1. she, her (accusative)
2. they, them

• se

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈde]

de f (plural des)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

From Latin dē.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [də]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [de]

de (before vowel or h d')

1. of, from

• “de” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

de

1. inflection of dar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

From Spanish de.

de

1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)

   hopia de Cebu

   Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu

   Isabel biyuda de Cortes

   Isabel widow of Cortes

• del, dela

• IPA^(key): /də/

de (definite, reduced)

1. the
   1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
   2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
   3. (many dialects) plural dative
   4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
   5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
   6. (few dialects) feminine dative

• (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.

1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.

2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.

3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).

• (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
• (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
• Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

Ripuarian (scientific transcription by Münich with ę [ɛ] and ꝛ ⁠[ʁ⁠]):

Ripuarian → Kölsch (as actually used):

• 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:

  Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
  Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.

• em (en dem)

• Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.

• di (Luserna)

de

1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
   1. nominative singular feminine
   2. accusative singular feminine
   3. nominative plural

      De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.

      The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.

   4. accusative plural

• “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

From Latin dē.

de

1. of

• dei

From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai.

• IPA^(key): /di/, [d̥i]
• Rhymes: -i

de pl

1. plural definite article

   de grønne huse

   the green houses

• den (common gender singular)
• det (neuter gender singular)

de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)

1. (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
2. (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
3. (determiner) those

   De kager smager ikke godt.

   Those cakes taste not good.

   • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90

     De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.

     Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.

   • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN

     De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.

     Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

• IPA^(key): /də/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de
• Rhymes: -ə

de

1. the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)

   De man ― The man (masculine singular)

   De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)

   Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)

   De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)

   De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.

• Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

• There is also the clitic form 's for des. The oblique cases are archaic and found in contemporary Dutch only in fixed idiomatic phrases (e.g., op den duur or des ochtends).

• Afrikaans: die
• Berbice Creole Dutch: di
• Jersey Dutch: de
• Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

de

1. (informal, in restricted contexts, mostly with "man") per

   Ze namen drie biertjes de man. ― They took three beers per person.

   We betaalden vijftien euro de neus. ― We paid fifteen euros per person.

• dé
• een
• het

• e.d.

From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.

• IPA^(key): [de]
• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de

de

1. from

   Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!

   I don't buy anything at all from this store!

2. of, possessed by

   La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.

   David's car is black.

3. done, written or composed by

   Synonyms: far, fare de

   Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?

   Do you have an Esperanto translation of Dracula by Bram Stoker?

   La viro estis mordita de hundo.

   The man was bitten by a dog.

From Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē (“of; from”).

de

1. of
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     Español falan millós de persoas.

     Millions of people speak Spanish.

• When followed by the articles u/o, a, us/os, as; it contracts to du/do, da, dus/dos, das respectively.

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

• (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø

From Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē.

• IPA^(key): /də/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ə

de

1. of (expresses belonging)

   Paris est la capitale de la France. ― Paris is the capital of France.

   • 1837, Louis Viardot, chapter I, in L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche^{fr.Wikisource}, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:

     Dans une bourgade de la Manche, dont je ne veux pas me rappeler le nom, vivait, il n’y a pas longtemps, un hidalgo ....

     In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not want to remember, lived, not long ago, an hidalgo ....

2. of (used to express property or association)

   Œuvres de Fermat ― Fermat’s Works

   Elle est la femme de mon ami. ― She is my friend’s wife.

   le voisin de Gabriel ― Gabriel's neighbor

3. from (used to indicate origin)

   Elle vient de France. ― She comes from France.

   Êtes-vous de Suisse ? ― Are you from Switzerland?

   Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. ― This cheese is from Spain.

   C’est de l’ouest de la France. ― It’s from the west of France.

   Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. ― The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.

4. of (indicates an amount)

   5 kilos de pommes. ― 5 kilograms of apples.

   Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine

   Une portion de frites ― A portion of fries

5. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word

   Un jus de pomme ― Apple juice

   Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine

   Une boîte de nuit ― A nightclub

   Un chien de garde ― A guarddog

   Une voiture de sport ― A sportscar

   Un stade de football ― A football stadium

6. from (used to indicate the start of a time or range)

   De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. ― From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.

   Je travaille de huit heures à midi. ― I work from 8 o'clock to noon.

   un groupe de cinq à huit personnes ― a group of [from] five to eight people

7. used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive

   J’ai arrêté de fumer. ― I stopped smoking.

   Il continue de m’embêter. ― He keeps annoying me.

   Elle m’a dit de venir. ― She told me to come.

   Nous vous exhortons de venir. ― We urge you to come.

8. by (indicates the amount of change)

   Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. ― Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%.

Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article le, it contracts with the article into du. Before the article les, it contracts with the article into des.

Le Songe d’une nuit d’été’ ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream (literally, “The Dream of a night of summer”)

La queue du chien ― The dog’s tail

Index des auteurs ― Index of the authors

de (indefinite)

1. Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives.

   Ce sont de bons enfants. ― They are good children.

   Il y a d’autres exemples. ― There are other examples.

2. Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object.

   Elle n’a pas de mère. ― She doesn’t have a mother.

   Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn’t eat meat.

   Il n’y a pas de problèmes. ― There are no problems.

• In negative sentences, de often replaces the indefinite (un, une and des) and partitive articles (du, de la, des). However, there are situations where the indefinite or partitive articles are retained. For example[1]:
  • when the nominal element is an attributive complement to the negated verb être

    Il n’est pas un menteur. ― He isn't a liar.

  • when the complement of the negated verb is followed by a contradistinctive element (not X, but Y)

    Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn't eat meat.

    Il ne mange pas de la viande, mais du pain. ― He doesn't eat meat, but bread.

• (contractions): d’, du, des

• IPA^(key): /dam/

d^e f (plural d^es)

1. Abbreviation of dame.

• d^lle
• s^r

• “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• ed, éd.

From Latin dē.

• IPA^(key): /dɪ/

• Audio

  (file)

de

1. of, from

   Veño de Lugo.

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. of; -'s (belonging to)

   Socorro é a avoa de Clara e de Daniel.

   Socorro is Clara and Daniel's grandmother

The preposition de contracts to d- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

• dalgún, dalgunha, dalgunhas, dalgúns

• dun, dunha, dunhas, duns
• doutra, doutras, doutro, doutros

• “de”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012

From French deux (“two”).

• IPA^(key): /de/

de

1. two

For the adverbial use, compare Polish ale.

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɛ]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -dɛ

de (not comparable)

1. how!, very much

   Synonyms: (dated, poetic) be, milyen, mennyire

   De szép ez a ház! ― Oh, how beautiful that house is!

de

1. but

   Synonyms: viszont, azonban, ám, ugyanakkor, ellenben

2. (oh) yes!, surely! (used as a positive contradiction to a negative statement)

   Synonym: de igen

   Nem voltál itt! – De ott voltam. ― You weren’t here! – Yes I was!

• (adverb): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (conjunction): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• de in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)

• te (Wiesemann spelling system)

From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.

• IPA^(key): /tə/

de (definite)

1. inflection of där:
   1. unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine
   2. unstressed dative singular feminine
   3. unstressed dative plural all genders

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

• IPA^(key): /de/, /dɛ/

Borrowed from French de and Spanish de.

de

1. from (indicating departure, dependency, starting point, origin or derivation)

   Me kompris la frukti de la merkato.

   I bought the fruits from the market.

2. of (with a noun: indicating measurement, quantity, amount, content)

   Me esis un de kin en la konkurso.

   I was one of five in the competition.

   Me prizas tre multe tasego de kafeo ye la matino.

   I really like a big cup of coffee in the morning.

3. of (with an adjective: indicating measurement, dimension)

   Me havas tri boteli plena de aquo.

   I have three bottles of water.

4. with a title of nobility

   Rejio de Anglia

   Queen of England

• ad (“to”)
• til (“until, till”)

• de-
• del (“from the”)

• di (“of (indicates possession or association)”)
• da (“by”)

• ek (“out of, out from”)

From d +‎ -e.

de (plural de-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter D/d.

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

From Dutch dee.

• IPA^(key): /ˈde/, [ˈde]

dé

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

• di (Standard Malay)

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet

• “de” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

de

1. from
2. since
3. of
4. with
5. by means of
6. to
7. for

From Old Irish di (“of, from”).

• d’ (used before a vowel sound)

• IPA^(key): /dʲɛ/, /dʲə/
• (Galway) IPA^(key): /ɡə/
• (Ulster, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ə/, (before ⟨a/á, o/ó, u/ú⟩) /ə.ɣ-/, (before ⟨e/é, i/í⟩) /ə.j-/[1]

de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)

1. from
2. of

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (de)

From Old Irish de (“of/from him”).

• dhe, dó, dhó

• IPA^(key): /dʲɛ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /dʲɛh/[2]

de (emphatic desean)

1. third-person singular masculine of de

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “de”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 de, di”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “de” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “de” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

de

1. Apocopic form of del

   Michael Radford è il regista de "Il postino". ― Michael Radford is the director of "Il Postino".

De is used where del, della, etc, would ordinarily be used, but cannot be because the article is part of the title of a film, book, etc.

• ne

• ed, ed.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

de

1. present progressive tense marker used before verbs

   Im de kom.

   She is coming.

   Torkl de swim.

   The turtle is swimming.

   Pikni dem de nyam di fuud.

   The children are eating food.

Derived from English there.

de

1. there

   uova de

   over there

• deso

• de at majstro.com
• A Learner’s Grammar of Jamaican

de

1. Rōmaji transcription of で
2. Rōmaji transcription of デ

From Dutch de (“the”). Cognates include Afrikaans die.

• IPA^(key): /də/

de

1. the
   • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:

     De v'lôrene zön

     The prodigal (literally "lost") son

From Latin dē.

de

1. of, from

• dl
• dla
• di
• dles

de (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling די)

1. of
   • 2019, Silvyo OVADYA, “Hanukah Alegre”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎:

     Alhad la noche vamos a asender la primera kandela de muestras Hanukiyas.

     Sunday night we're going to light the first candle of our Hanukiyas.

2. from

From Proto-Lolo-Burmese [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daj (“do, make”). Cognates include Ao da (“do”) and Lahu te (“do”).

• IPA^(key): /deː˧/

de

1. (transitive) to build

• IPA^(key): /de˧/

de

1. wealth

• Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

From Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/.[1]

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /deː/, [d̪eː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /de/, [d̪ɛː]

dē f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter D.

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

From Proto-Italic *dē, from an instrumental singular form of Proto-Indo-European *de. Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (dé), δή (dḗ), English to.

All 3 ablative senses are from the PIE ablative of cause, origin, and separation.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /deː/, [d̪eː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /de/, [d̪ɛː]

dē (+ ablative)

1. of, concerning, about

   actum est de aliquo ― It is over for someone, someone's fate is sealed

   de rebus mathematicis ― concerning mathematical things

   • (Can we date this quote?), Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ‎, page 1:

     De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.

     Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.

2. from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds.

   emere de aliquo ― to buy from someone

   aliquid mercari de aliquo ― to buy something from someone

   Saepe hoc audivi de patre. ― I have often heard this from Father.

   De mausoleo exaudita vox est. ― A voice was heard from the mausoleum.

   Ut sibi liceret discere id de me... ― Just as he himself permitted for me to learn...

   Hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   Brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   De digito anulum detraho. ― From the finger I pull the ring.

   de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere ― to rip someone away from the embrace of their mother and drag them away

   Nomen suum de tabula sustulit. ― He removed his name from the tablet.

   Ferrum de manibus extorsimus. ― We tore the sword from their hands.

   Juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest. ― The utility of a law is able to be produced either from an expert or from books.

   de caelo aliquid demittere ― to bring down something from the sky

   1. with petere, of a place

      De vicino terra petita solo. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   2. (Late Latin) of persons

      Peto de te. ― I beg of thee.

3. from, away from, to indicate the place from which someone or something departs or withdraws.

   Animam de corpore mitto. ― I release the spirit from the body.

   Aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit. ― Somehow the spirit has already passed somewhere from the body.

   Civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent. ― He persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions.

   decedere de provincia ― to retire from office

   de vita decedere ― to withdraw from life

   exire de vita ― to exit out of life (compare excedere e vita)

   de triclinio, de cubiculo exire ― to go out from the triclinium, from the cubiculum

   de castris procedere ― to proceed out of the military camps

   Decido de lecto praeceps. ― I fall down from the bed headlong.

   de muro se deicere ― to throw oneself down from the wall

   de sella exsilire ― to jump from the stool

   nec ex equo vel de muro etc., hostem destinare ― to aim at the enemy from neither the horse nor the wall

   De altera parte tertia Sequanos decedere juberet. ― He ordered the Sequani to withdraw from another third part.

4. (particularly coins) over, in reference to the people subjugated when celebrating a Roman victory

   de Germanis ― over the Germans

   de Britannis ― over the Britons

• Dē denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point (it occupies a middle place between ab (“away from”) which denotes a mere external departure, and ex (“out of”) which signifies from the interior of a thing). Hence verbs compounded with dē are constructed not only with dē, but quite as frequently with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by dē.

• de in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• de in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• de in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• de in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• de in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

• IPA^(key): /de/

From Latin dē.

de

1. of
2. from

de + article	Combined form
de + o	do
de + a	da
de + i	di
de + e	de

de (“of, from”, preposition) + e (“the (fem. plur.)”, article)

de

1. of the, from the (followed by a plural feminine noun)

From Old Lombard de, from Latin dē.

de

1. from
2. by, of

de

1. (Cremish) Alternative form of dì

• Bonifacio, Samarani (1852) Vocabulario cremasco-italiano‎ (in Italian), Crema

Inherited from French deux (“two”).