d'
See also: ď and Appendix:Variations of "d"
English
Etymology 1
Contraction of the article da ("the").
Etymology 2
Reduction.
Verb
d'
See also
- maitre d' (different etymology)
Asturian
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/, [d̪]
Bavarian
Etymology
Unstressed form of de.
See also
Bavarian articles
m | n | f | pl | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
1) higher, formal register
Catalan
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
French
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition de (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Audio (file)
Preposition
d’
- (before a vowel or a mute h) Apocopic form of de: of
- un verre d’eau
- a glass of water
- (informal, after a vowel sound) Apocopic form of de: of
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “Mon chum Rémi”, in Break Syndical, the s in pas is silent:
- Hé Rémi / fais pas d’conneries / J’t’aime ben la face / pis tu m’dois encore cinquante piasses
- Hey Rémi / stop with the nonsense / I really like your face / and you still owe me fifty dollars
Further reading
- “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Irish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Prevocalic apocope of do (all senses).
Particle
d’
- (before vowel sounds and fhr-) Apocopic form of do: Marker of the past tense.
- d’ól sé ― he drank
- d’fhág sé ― he waited
- d’fhreagair sé ― he answered
- Used before vowel sounds (including when f has been lenited to fh before a vowel) and also before fr- lenited to fhr-. The variant form used before consonants, do, is generally omitted but may be encountered in Munster Irish and in literary language.
Preposition
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
Alternative forms
- t’ (Cois Fharraige)
- th’ (Munster)
See also
Irish personal pronouns
Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
Etymology 2
Prevocalic apocopic form of de.
Preposition
d’ (plus dative, triggers lenition)
References
- Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 191, page 73
Italian
Etymology
Contraction of the preposition di (“of, from”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d' (apocopated)
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d/ (before vowels and voiced consonants)
- IPA(key): /t/ (before voiceless consonants)
- IPA(key): /-/ (sometimes; see usage notes below)
Usage notes
- This article form is commonly not pronounced between /t/ and another consonant, and occasionally otherwise when the combination of preceding and following consonants creates an impossible cluster. Only rarely is this muteness avoided by using the full form of the article. Rather, the lack of an indefinite article becomes a definite article by default. Occasional ambiguities, particularly in the plural, are tolerated.
Middle French
Usage notes
- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- despaigne ― of Spain
Norman
Etymology
From Old French de, from Latin dē.
Occitan
Pronunciation
Audio (Languedocien) (file)
Old French
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d‿/
Preposition
d’
- (used before words beginning in a vowel, archaic except in fixed expressions) Alternative form of de
Sardinian
Etymology 1
Apocopic form of de.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /d‿/
Etymology 2
From the development of an epenthetic [d] in pronunciation between the prepositions cun/chin/in and the indefinite articles unu, una.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [d‿]
Preposition
d'
- ortographic realization of a [d] sound in certain environments
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪/ (before a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /tʲ/ (before a front vowel sound)
Determiner
d’
- Apocopic form of do (“your”) (second-person singular possessive pronoun)
- A bheil fios aig d’ athair? ― Does your father know?
- Seo d’ fhaclair. ― Here’s your dictionary.
See also
References
- “d'” in R. A. Armstrong, A Gaelic Dictionary, in Two Parts, London, 1825, →OCLC.
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