t'
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [t̚], [ʔ], [ː] prolongation of previous sound, or silent (with pause)
Etymology 1
From Middle English that, from Old English þæt (“the, that”, neuter definite article and relative pronoun).
Article
t’
- Northern England form of the (most characteristic of Yorkshire, but also found in areas of Lancashire, Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire)
- (Yorkshire) Short for 'the' (mostly in speech)
Usage notes
- Before a vowel, t’ is usually written and pronounced as if appended to the following word.
- In He can't make up his mind if he wants one or t’other (= He can't make up his mind if he wants one or the other) t’other is pronounced [ˈtʊðə] as if spelled tother. Sometimes, especially after a consonant, it is pronounced as a glottal stop as below.
- Before a consonant, t’ is pronounced as a glottal stop following the preceding word.
- In I’m going down t’ road to see me mam ( = I’m going down the road to see my mother), down t’ is pronounced [daʊnʔ] as down followed by a glottal stop.
- t’ is sometimes not pronounced at all, having no glottal stop, resulting in a slight pause or lengthening of the preceding sound.
- This still remains distinct from the form without a definite article: compare in t’ woods [ɪnː ˈwʊdz] with in woods [ɪn ˈwʊdz].
- Speakers to whom the usage is not native sometimes pronounce it [tʰ] or [tʰə], either deliberately in mockery or unconsciously in ignorance. However, t' is said when it is used for to the.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Contraction.
Catalan
Usage notes
- t' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel.
- T'estimo. ― I love you.
Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t‿/
Audio (file)
Pronoun
t’
Related terms
French personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||
Gender neutral5 | iel | lea | ellui | |||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | eux | |
Feminine | elles | elles | ||||
Gender neutral5 | iels | elleux |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
- 5 Colloquial, and not in popular use.
Further reading
- “t'”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Haitian Creole
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before a word starting with a, o, u, fha, fho, or fhu) /t̪ˠ/, (before a word starting with e, i, fhe, or fhi) /tʲ/
Verb
t'
- (informal) Contraction of tá (“is”).
- 1894 March, Peadar Mac Fionnlaoigh, “An rí nach robh le fagháil bháis”, in Irisleabhar na Gaedhilge, volume 1:5, Dublin: Gaelic Union, pages 185–88:
- “T’eagla orm,” dubhairt an rí, “go bhfuil mé caillte, óir budh chóir gur mhac damh atá ’san phlúr seo.”
- “I am afraid I am lost,” said the king, “for it ought to be that this flower is a son of mine.”
Italian
Usage notes
Commonly elides before a vowel, especially i and e.
See also
Italian personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Conjunctive | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Louisiana Creole
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t‿/
Maltese
Usage notes
Its use is optional when followed by a vowel sound, and connects to the next word directly without a space, i.e. both t’art as one word and ta’ art as two words are correct.
Manx
Sassarese
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪ʰ/ (before a back vowel sound)
- IPA(key): /tʲʰ/ (before a front vowel sound)
Yola
Preposition
t'
- Apocopic form of ta
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
- Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.
- Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:
- Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,
- Nay, now or never! we cry'd to Tommy,
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
- T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;
- To break up the goal they had not power;
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
- Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
- Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;
- 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 100:
- Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggès shell aake.
- Choking to thee with them. Thy ears shall ache.
- 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 131:
- Fad didn'st thou cum t' ouz on zum other dey?
- [Why didn't you come to us on some other day?]
- 1867, “DR. RUSSELL ON THE INHABITANTS AND DIALECT OF THE BARONY OF FORTH”, in APPENDIX, page 132:
- Tommeen was eepit t' drive in
- [Tommy was put to drive in]
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86
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