< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sa

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɑ/

Determiner

*sa

  1. that

Inflection


See also

Descendants

Nominative
  • *sa (nominative singular masculine; OE and OS derive from related *sai)
    • Proto-West Germanic:
    • Proto-Norse: ᛋᛡ (sᴀ)
      • Old Norse:
        • Icelandic:
        • Faroese:
        • Old Swedish: sa
    • Gothic: 𐍃𐌰 (sa)
    • (s- analogically replaced with þ- of the other forms)
      • Proto-West Germanic:
        • Old English: þē
        • Old Frisian: thī, thā
          • North Frisian: di
          • Saterland Frisian: die
          • West Frisian: de, dy
        • Old Saxon: thē
          • Middle Low German: de
            • Low German: de
        • Old Dutch: thie
        • Old High German: dēr (also influenced by adjective inflection)
          • Middle High German: der
            • Alemannic German: dr
              Swabian: d'r
            • Bavarian: da
              Cimbrian: dèar, dar
              Mòcheno: der
            • Central Franconian:
              Hunsrik: dää
              Kölsch:
            • German: der
            • Hessian:
            • Yiddish: דער (der)
  • * (nominative singular feminine) (see there for further descendants)
  • *þat (nominative/accusative singular neuter) (see there for further descendants)
  • *þai (nominative plural masculine) (see there for further descendants)
  • *þôz (nominative/accusative plural feminine)
  • *þō (nominative/accusative plural neuter)
    • Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᚢᚾ (*þaun)
      • Old West Norse: þau
      • Old East Norse: þaun, ᚦᛅᚢᚾ, ᚦᛆᚢᚿ
        • Old Swedish: þø̄n
      • Old Gutnish: þaun
    • Gothic: 𐌸𐍉 (þō)
Accusative

For singular neuter, plural feminine, and plural neuter forms, see Nominative section above.

Genitive
Dative
Instrumental
  • *þanō (instrumental singular masculine/neuter)
  • *þaizō (instrumental singular feminine)
  • *þaimiz (instrumental plural)
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