deren

deren

1. genitive indefinite of de

From Middle Dutch dēren, from Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːrə(n)/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de‧ren
• Rhymes: -eːrən

deren

1. (transitive) to harm

• deerlijk
• ongedeerd

deren

1. third-person plural future subjunctive of dar

• dero

• IPA^(key): /ˈdeːʁən/, /ˈdeːɐ̯n/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eːʀən

deren (relative or demonstrative)

1. inflection of der:
   1. genitive feminine singular
   2. genitive plural
   3. (relative) whose, of which
   4. (demonstrative) her, their, the latter's

Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or hear dessen when deren would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since either of these forms is missing in some vernaculars.

Consider:

1. Sie haben ihre Freunde und ihren Sohn eingeladen.

   They have invited their friends and their son.

and

1. Sie haben ihre Freunde und deren Sohn eingeladen.

   They have invited their friends and their son.

The first sentence relates that the family which invites has a son, thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Ukrainian свій and Ukrainian possessive pronouns:

1. Вони запросили своїх друзів і свого сина.

vs.

1. Вони запросили своїх друзів і їхнього сина.

Relative pronoun:

Demonstrative pronoun:

From Old Dutch deren, from Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

dēren

1. to harm, to hurt
2. to hurt emotionally
3. to damage

• dāren

• Dutch: deren
• Limburgish: dere, dieëre

• “deren (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “daren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page daren
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “deren”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

From Proto-West Germanic *darjan.

deren

1. to harm, to hurt
   • Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible, early 12th century;

     Unson lichamen maht tu daren, the sielen solen zo genathen uaren.

     You can hurt our bodies, the souls will go to (the state of) grace.

2. to damage

• Middle Dutch: deren
  • Dutch: deren
  • Limburgish: dere, dieëre

• “deren”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012