duma
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Russian ду́ма (dúma, “elective legislative assembly”, originally: “thought”), Origin of the Slavic term is disputed. Either of Germanic origin. Doublet of doom. Or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow"), *dymъ (“smoke”). The drink is named after the legislative assembly.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdumə/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Hyphenation: du‧ma
Noun
duma (plural dumas)
- A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).
- 1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989:
- Hence, while preserving his autocratic power, the Czar decrees a “Gosudarstvennaia Duma,” or State Council. The elections for this Duma will cover the whole territory of the Empire, ...
- 1905, “Russian Duma” in The Outlook Volume 80, 989:
- A drink mixing wine and vodka.
Translations
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Afar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈduma/, [ˈdʊmʌ]
- Hyphenation: du‧ma
Declension
Declension of dúma | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | dúma | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | dúma | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | dumí | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | dumí | |||||||||||||||||
|
References
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “dùma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004) Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 37
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie), Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Bikol Central
Hausa
Verb
dumā̀ (grade 1)
- To put one's mouth deeply into something
- (with an indirect object) To strike a person with something
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdumɒ]
- Hyphenation: du‧ma
- Rhymes: -mɒ
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | duma | dumák |
accusative | dumát | dumákat |
dative | dumának | dumáknak |
instrumental | dumával | dumákkal |
causal-final | dumáért | dumákért |
translative | dumává | dumákká |
terminative | dumáig | dumákig |
essive-formal | dumaként | dumákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | dumában | dumákban |
superessive | dumán | dumákon |
adessive | dumánál | dumáknál |
illative | dumába | dumákba |
sublative | dumára | dumákra |
allative | dumához | dumákhoz |
elative | dumából | dumákból |
delative | dumáról | dumákról |
ablative | dumától | dumáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
dumáé | dumáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
dumáéi | dumákéi |
Possessive forms of duma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | dumám | dumáim |
2nd person sing. | dumád | dumáid |
3rd person sing. | dumája | dumái |
1st person plural | dumánk | dumáink |
2nd person plural | dumátok | dumáitok |
3rd person plural | dumájuk | dumáik |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Romani dùma (“speech”), from a Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *duma.
Noun
duma (countable and uncountable, plural dumák)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | duma | dumák |
accusative | dumát | dumákat |
dative | dumának | dumáknak |
instrumental | dumával | dumákkal |
causal-final | dumáért | dumákért |
translative | dumává | dumákká |
terminative | dumáig | dumákig |
essive-formal | dumaként | dumákként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | dumában | dumákban |
superessive | dumán | dumákon |
adessive | dumánál | dumáknál |
illative | dumába | dumákba |
sublative | dumára | dumákra |
allative | dumához | dumákhoz |
elative | dumából | dumákból |
delative | dumáról | dumákról |
ablative | dumától | dumáktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
dumáé | dumáké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
dumáéi | dumákéi |
Possessive forms of duma | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | dumám | dumáim |
2nd person sing. | dumád | dumáid |
3rd person sing. | dumája | dumái |
1st person plural | dumánk | dumáink |
2nd person plural | dumátok | dumáitok |
3rd person plural | dumájuk | dumáik |
Further reading
- (duma): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (talk, chat): duma in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- duma in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Kituba
Latvian
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Pali
Alternative forms
Declension
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | dumo | dumā |
Accusative (second) | dumaṃ | dume |
Instrumental (third) | dumena | dumehi or dumebhi |
Dative (fourth) | dumassa or dumāya or dumatthaṃ | dumānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | dumasmā or dumamhā or dumā | dumehi or dumebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | dumassa | dumānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | dumasmiṃ or dumamhi or dume | dumesu |
Vocative (calling) | duma | dumā |
References
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “duma”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
- Maung Tin (1920), The Student's Pali-English Dictionary, Rangoon: British Burma Press.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdu.ma/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uma
- Syllabification: du‧ma
- Homophone: Duma
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *duma. Doublet of Duma.
Declension
Noun
duma f
Declension
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Portuguese
Alternative forms
- d'uma (dated)
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈdũ.mɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈdu.ma/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈdu.mɐ/
Contraction
duma f sg
Southern Ndebele
Inflection
Relative concord | ||
---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |
1st singular | engiduma | ngiduma |
2nd singular | oduma | uduma |
1st plural | esiduma | siduma |
2nd plural | eniduma | niduma |
Class 1 | oduma | uduma |
Class 2 | abaduma | baduma |
Class 3 | oduma | uduma |
Class 4 | eduma | iduma |
Class 5 | eliduma | liduma |
Class 6 | aduma | aduma |
Class 7 | esiduma | siduma |
Class 8 | eziduma | ziduma |
Class 9 | eduma | iduma |
Class 10 | eziduma | ziduma |
Class 14 | obuduma | buduma |
Class 15 | okuduma | kuduma |
Class 17 | okuduma | kuduma |
Swahili
Pronunciation
Audio (Kenya) (file) - Hyphenation: du‧ma
Zulu
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /dúːma/
Inflection
Relative concord | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | engiduma | engingeduma | ngiduma | angiduma |
2nd singular | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | awuduma |
1st plural | esiduma | esingeduma | siduma | asiduma |
2nd plural | eniduma | eningeduma | niduma | aniduma |
Class 1 | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | akaduma |
Class 2 | abaduma | abangeduma | baduma | abaduma |
Class 3 | oduma | ongeduma | uduma | awuduma |
Class 4 | eduma | engeduma | iduma | ayiduma |
Class 5 | eliduma | elingeduma | liduma | aliduma |
Class 6 | aduma | angeduma | aduma | awaduma |
Class 7 | esiduma | esingeduma | siduma | asiduma |
Class 8 | eziduma | ezingeduma | ziduma | aziduma |
Class 9 | eduma | engeduma | iduma | ayiduma |
Class 10 | eziduma | ezingeduma | ziduma | aziduma |
Class 11 | oluduma | olungeduma | luduma | aluduma |
Class 14 | obuduma | obungeduma | buduma | abuduma |
Class 15 | okuduma | okungeduma | kuduma | akuduma |
Class 17 | okuduma | okungeduma | kuduma | akuduma |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
The expected reflex would be -vuma. It is likely that this is a back formation from indumo, from Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀ma, a variant of Proto-Bantu *-dùma.
Verb
-duma
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuduma | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuduma | ukungadumi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | duma | -dume | |||||||
Plural | dumani | -dumeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaduma, ngiduma | engidumayo, engiduma | ngiduma | angidumi | engingadumi | ngingadumi | |||
2nd singular | uyaduma, uduma | odumayo, oduma | uduma | awudumi | ongadumi | ungadumi | |||
1st plural | siyaduma, siduma | esidumayo, esiduma | siduma | asidumi | esingadumi | singadumi | |||
2nd plural | niyaduma, niduma | enidumayo, eniduma | niduma | anidumi | eningadumi | ningadumi | |||
Class 1 | uyaduma, uduma | odumayo, oduma | eduma | akadumi | ongadumi | engadumi | |||
Class 2 | bayaduma, baduma | abadumayo, abaduma | beduma | abadumi | abangadumi | bengadumi | |||
Class 3 | uyaduma, uduma | odumayo, oduma | uduma | awudumi | ongadumi | ungadumi | |||
Class 4 | iyaduma, iduma | edumayo, eduma | iduma | ayidumi | engadumi | ingadumi | |||
Class 5 | liyaduma, liduma | elidumayo, eliduma | liduma | alidumi | elingadumi | lingadumi | |||
Class 6 | ayaduma, aduma | adumayo, aduma | eduma | awadumi | angadumi | engadumi | |||
Class 7 | siyaduma, siduma | esidumayo, esiduma | siduma | asidumi | esingadumi | singadumi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaduma, ziduma | ezidumayo, eziduma | ziduma | azidumi | ezingadumi | zingadumi | |||
Class 9 | iyaduma, iduma | edumayo, eduma | iduma | ayidumi | engadumi | ingadumi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaduma, ziduma | ezidumayo, eziduma | ziduma | azidumi | ezingadumi | zingadumi | |||
Class 11 | luyaduma, luduma | oludumayo, oluduma | luduma | aludumi | olungadumi | lungadumi | |||
Class 14 | buyaduma, buduma | obudumayo, obuduma | buduma | abudumi | obungadumi | bungadumi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaduma, kuduma | okudumayo, okuduma | kuduma | akudumi | okungadumi | kungadumi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaduma, kuduma | okudumayo, okuduma | kuduma | akudumi | okungadumi | kungadumi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidumile, ngidumē | engidumile, engidumē | ngidumile, ngidumē | angidumanga | engingadumanga | ngingadumanga | |||
2nd singular | udumile, udumē | odumile, odumē | udumile, udumē | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga | |||
1st plural | sidumile, sidumē | esidumile, esidumē | sidumile, sidumē | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga | |||
2nd plural | nidumile, nidumē | enidumile, enidumē | nidumile, nidumē | anidumanga | eningadumanga | ningadumanga | |||
Class 1 | udumile, udumē | odumile, odumē | edumile, edumē | akadumanga | ongadumanga | engadumanga | |||
Class 2 | badumile, badumē | abadumile, abadumē | bedumile, bedumē | abadumanga | abangadumanga | bengadumanga | |||
Class 3 | udumile, udumē | odumile, odumē | udumile, udumē | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga | |||
Class 4 | idumile, idumē | edumile, edumē | idumile, idumē | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga | |||
Class 5 | lidumile, lidumē | elidumile, elidumē | lidumile, lidumē | alidumanga | elingadumanga | lingadumanga | |||
Class 6 | adumile, adumē | adumile, adumē | edumile, edumē | awadumanga | angadumanga | engadumanga | |||
Class 7 | sidumile, sidumē | esidumile, esidumē | sidumile, sidumē | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga | |||
Class 8 | zidumile, zidumē | ezidumile, ezidumē | zidumile, zidumē | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga | |||
Class 9 | idumile, idumē | edumile, edumē | idumile, idumē | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga | |||
Class 10 | zidumile, zidumē | ezidumile, ezidumē | zidumile, zidumē | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga | |||
Class 11 | ludumile, ludumē | oludumile, oludumē | ludumile, ludumē | aludumanga | olungadumanga | lungadumanga | |||
Class 14 | budumile, budumē | obudumile, obudumē | budumile, budumē | abudumanga | obungadumanga | bungadumanga | |||
Class 15 | kudumile, kudumē | okudumile, okudumē | kudumile, kudumē | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga | |||
Class 17 | kudumile, kudumē | okudumile, okudumē | kudumile, kudumē | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāduma | engāduma | ngāduma | angidumanga | engingadumanga | ngingadumanga | |||
2nd singular | wāduma | owāduma | wāduma | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga | |||
1st plural | sāduma | esāduma | sāduma | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga | |||
2nd plural | nāduma | enāduma | nāduma | anidumanga | eningadumanga | ningadumanga | |||
Class 1 | wāduma | owāduma | āduma | akadumanga | ongadumanga | engadumanga | |||
Class 2 | bāduma | abāduma | bāduma | abadumanga | abangadumanga | bengadumanga | |||
Class 3 | wāduma | owāduma | wāduma | awudumanga | ongadumanga | ungadumanga | |||
Class 4 | yāduma | eyāduma | yāduma | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga | |||
Class 5 | lāduma | elāduma | lāduma | alidumanga | elingadumanga | lingadumanga | |||
Class 6 | āduma | āduma | āduma | awadumanga | angadumanga | engadumanga | |||
Class 7 | sāduma | esāduma | sāduma | asidumanga | esingadumanga | singadumanga | |||
Class 8 | zāduma | ezāduma | zāduma | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga | |||
Class 9 | yāduma | eyāduma | yāduma | ayidumanga | engadumanga | ingadumanga | |||
Class 10 | zāduma | ezāduma | zāduma | azidumanga | ezingadumanga | zingadumanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāduma | olwāduma | lwāduma | aludumanga | olungadumanga | lungadumanga | |||
Class 14 | bāduma | obāduma | bāduma | abudumanga | obungadumanga | bungadumanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāduma | okwāduma | kwāduma | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāduma | okwāduma | kwāduma | akudumanga | okungadumanga | kungadumanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaduma | — | ngingaduma | ngingedume | — | ngingedume | |||
2nd singular | ungaduma | — | ungaduma | ungedume | — | ungedume | |||
1st plural | singaduma | — | singaduma | singedume | — | singedume | |||
2nd plural | ningaduma | — | ningaduma | ningedume | — | ningedume | |||
Class 1 | angaduma | — | engaduma | angedume | — | engedume | |||
Class 2 | bangaduma | — | bengaduma | bangedume | — | bengedume | |||
Class 3 | ungaduma | — | ungaduma | ungedume | — | ungedume | |||
Class 4 | ingaduma | — | ingaduma | ingedume | — | ingedume | |||
Class 5 | lingaduma | — | lingaduma | lingedume | — | lingedume | |||
Class 6 | angaduma | — | engaduma | angedume | — | engedume | |||
Class 7 | singaduma | — | singaduma | singedume | — | singedume | |||
Class 8 | zingaduma | — | zingaduma | zingedume | — | zingedume | |||
Class 9 | ingaduma | — | ingaduma | ingedume | — | ingedume | |||
Class 10 | zingaduma | — | zingaduma | zingedume | — | zingedume | |||
Class 11 | lungaduma | — | lungaduma | lungedume | — | lungedume | |||
Class 14 | bungaduma | — | bungaduma | bungedume | — | bungedume | |||
Class 15 | kungaduma | — | kungaduma | kungedume | — | kungedume | |||
Class 17 | kungaduma | — | kungaduma | kungedume | — | kungedume | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoduma | engizoduma | ngizoduma | angizuduma | engingezuduma | ngingezuduma | |||
2nd singular | uzoduma | ozoduma | uzoduma | awuzuduma | ongezuduma | ungezuduma | |||
1st plural | sizoduma | esizoduma | sizoduma | asizuduma | esingezuduma | singezuduma | |||
2nd plural | nizoduma | enizoduma | nizoduma | anizuduma | eningezuduma | ningezuduma | |||
Class 1 | uzoduma | ozoduma | ezoduma | akazuduma | ongezuduma | engezuduma | |||
Class 2 | bazoduma | abazoduma | bezoduma | abazuduma | abangezuduma | bengezuduma | |||
Class 3 | uzoduma | ozoduma | uzoduma | awuzuduma | ongezuduma | ungezuduma | |||
Class 4 | izoduma | ezoduma | izoduma | ayizuduma | engezuduma | ingezuduma | |||
Class 5 | lizoduma | elizoduma | lizoduma | alizuduma | elingezuduma | lingezuduma | |||
Class 6 | azoduma | azoduma | ezoduma | awazuduma | angezuduma | engezuduma | |||
Class 7 | sizoduma | esizoduma | sizoduma | asizuduma | esingezuduma | singezuduma | |||
Class 8 | zizoduma | ezizoduma | zizoduma | azizuduma | ezingezuduma | zingezuduma | |||
Class 9 | izoduma | ezoduma | izoduma | ayizuduma | engezuduma | ingezuduma | |||
Class 10 | zizoduma | ezizoduma | zizoduma | azizuduma | ezingezuduma | zingezuduma | |||
Class 11 | luzoduma | oluzoduma | luzoduma | aluzuduma | olungezuduma | lungezuduma | |||
Class 14 | buzoduma | obuzoduma | buzoduma | abuzuduma | obungezuduma | bungezuduma | |||
Class 15 | kuzoduma | okuzoduma | kuzoduma | akuzuduma | okungezuduma | kungezuduma | |||
Class 17 | kuzoduma | okuzoduma | kuzoduma | akuzuduma | okungezuduma | kungezuduma | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoduma | engiyoduma | ngiyoduma | angiyuduma | engingeyuduma | ngingeyuduma | |||
2nd singular | uyoduma | oyoduma | uyoduma | awuyuduma | ongeyuduma | ungeyuduma | |||
1st plural | siyoduma | esiyoduma | siyoduma | asiyuduma | esingeyuduma | singeyuduma | |||
2nd plural | niyoduma | eniyoduma | niyoduma | aniyuduma | eningeyuduma | ningeyuduma | |||
Class 1 | uyoduma | oyoduma | eyoduma | akayuduma | ongeyuduma | engeyuduma | |||
Class 2 | bayoduma | abayoduma | beyoduma | abayuduma | abangeyuduma | bengeyuduma | |||
Class 3 | uyoduma | oyoduma | uyoduma | awuyuduma | ongeyuduma | ungeyuduma | |||
Class 4 | iyoduma | eyoduma | iyoduma | ayiyuduma | engeyuduma | ingeyuduma | |||
Class 5 | liyoduma | eliyoduma | liyoduma | aliyuduma | elingeyuduma | lingeyuduma | |||
Class 6 | ayoduma | ayoduma | eyoduma | awayuduma | angeyuduma | engeyuduma | |||
Class 7 | siyoduma | esiyoduma | siyoduma | asiyuduma | esingeyuduma | singeyuduma | |||
Class 8 | ziyoduma | eziyoduma | ziyoduma | aziyuduma | ezingeyuduma | zingeyuduma | |||
Class 9 | iyoduma | eyoduma | iyoduma | ayiyuduma | engeyuduma | ingeyuduma | |||
Class 10 | ziyoduma | eziyoduma | ziyoduma | aziyuduma | ezingeyuduma | zingeyuduma | |||
Class 11 | luyoduma | oluyoduma | luyoduma | aluyuduma | olungeyuduma | lungeyuduma | |||
Class 14 | buyoduma | obuyoduma | buyoduma | abuyuduma | obungeyuduma | bungeyuduma | |||
Class 15 | kuyoduma | okuyoduma | kuyoduma | akuyuduma | okungeyuduma | kungeyuduma | |||
Class 17 | kuyoduma | okuyoduma | kuyoduma | akuyuduma | okungeyuduma | kungeyuduma | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngidume | ngingadumi | |||||||
2nd singular | udume | ungadumi | |||||||
1st plural | sidume | singadumi | |||||||
2nd plural | nidume | ningadumi | |||||||
Class 1 | adume | angadumi | |||||||
Class 2 | badume | bangadumi | |||||||
Class 3 | udume | ungadumi | |||||||
Class 4 | idume | ingadumi | |||||||
Class 5 | lidume | lingadumi | |||||||
Class 6 | adume | angadumi | |||||||
Class 7 | sidume | singadumi | |||||||
Class 8 | zidume | zingadumi | |||||||
Class 9 | idume | ingadumi | |||||||
Class 10 | zidume | zingadumi | |||||||
Class 11 | ludume | lungadumi | |||||||
Class 14 | budume | bungadumi | |||||||
Class 15 | kudume | kungadumi | |||||||
Class 17 | kudume | kungadumi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaduma | ngangaduma, angaduma, angangaduma | |||||||
2nd singular | waduma | wangaduma, awaduma, awangaduma | |||||||
1st plural | saduma | sangaduma, asaduma, asangaduma | |||||||
2nd plural | naduma | nangaduma, anaduma, anangaduma | |||||||
Class 1 | waduma | wangaduma, akaduma, akangaduma | |||||||
Class 2 | baduma | bangaduma, abaduma, abangaduma | |||||||
Class 3 | waduma | wangaduma, awaduma, awangaduma | |||||||
Class 4 | yaduma | yangaduma, ayaduma, ayangaduma | |||||||
Class 5 | laduma | langaduma, aladuma, alangaduma | |||||||
Class 6 | aduma | angaduma, awaduma, awangaduma | |||||||
Class 7 | saduma | sangaduma, asaduma, asangaduma | |||||||
Class 8 | zaduma | zangaduma, azaduma, azangaduma | |||||||
Class 9 | yaduma | yangaduma, ayaduma, ayangaduma | |||||||
Class 10 | zaduma | zangaduma, azaduma, azangaduma | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaduma | lwangaduma, alwaduma, alwangaduma | |||||||
Class 14 | baduma | bangaduma, abaduma, abangaduma | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaduma | kwangaduma, akwaduma, akwangaduma | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaduma | kwangaduma, akwaduma, akwangaduma |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-duma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-duma”
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “duma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “duma (8.3)”