mer
English
Noun
mer (plural mers)
- (chemistry) A repeat unit: a structural unit which through repetition forms a polymer.
- 2010, Mikell P. Groover, Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing (4th Edition), page 9:
- A polymer is a compound formed of repeating structural units called mers, whose atoms share electrons to form very large molecules.
Noun
mer pl (plural only)
Etymology 3
See mayor.
Aromanian
Alternative forms
Derived terms
- mirush
Etymology 2
From Vulgar Latin *mēlus, from Latin mālus.
Derived terms
- agrumer
- miric
Catalan
Derived terms
Further reading
- “mer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse merr, from Proto-Germanic *marhijō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /meːɹ/
- Rhymes: -eːɹ
Declension
f6 | Singular | Plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | mer | merin | merar | merarnar |
Accusative | mer | merina | merar | merarnar |
Dative | mer | merini | merum | merunum |
Genitive | merar | merarinnar | mera | meranna |
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French mer, from Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.
The word is almost unparalleled as a Latin neuter that has become feminine without being a backformation from a plural in -a (French -e). This has been ascribed to the influence of terre (“land”). In most other Romance languages it is a masculine, the main exception being Romanian mare f.
Pronunciation
Noun
mer f (plural mers)
- (countable) sea (large body of water)
- 2018, Zaz, J'aime, j'aime:
- J’aime, j’aime, j’aime la solitude parfois. mais j’aime pas les cris quand ils ne s’arrêtent pas, quand les émotions me plongent en mer enragée, quand le manque de moi me fait divaguer.
- I love, I love, I sometimes love the loneliness/solitude. But I don't love the crying [cries] when it [they] won't stop, when the emotions plunge me into the enraged sea, when the absence of myself makes me wander.
- (uncountable, used with the definite article) the ocean (the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface)
- Synonym: océan
Derived terms
- anémone de mer
- araignée de mer
- armée de mer
- bouteille à la mer
- bras de mer
- cardon de mer
- cigale de mer
- cochon de mer
- concombre de mer
- eau de mer
- écume de mer
- éléphant de mer
- étoile de mer
- fruit de mer
- haute mer
- hérisson de mer
- léopard de mer
- lis de mer
- loup de mer
- loutre de mer
- mal de mer
- mer Adriatique
- mer Baltique
- mer Blanche
- mer Caspienne
- mer de Barents
- mer de Chine méridionale
- mer de Chine orientale
- mer de Marmara
- mer de Myrto
- mer des Caraïbes
- mer du Japon
- mer du Nord
- mer d’Arabie
- mer d’Aral
- mer d’Azov
- mer d’huile
- mer d’Irlande
- mer d’Iroise
- mer Égée
- mer Ionienne
- mer Jaune
- mer Méditerranée
- mer Morte
- mer Noire
- mer Rouge
- mer Tyrrhénienne
- ne pas être la mer à boire
- niveau de la mer
- oreille de mer
- panicaut de mer
- perche de mer
- prendre la mer
- serpent de mer
- vache de mer
Further reading
- “mer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmɛr]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛr
Etymology 1
From Proto-Ugric *märɜ- (“to believe, have faith in dare”).[1]
Verb
mer
Conjugation
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | merek | mersz | mer | merünk | mertek | mernek | |
Def. | merem | mered | meri | merjük | meritek | merik | |||
2nd-p. o. | merlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | mertem | mertél | mert | mertünk | mertetek | mertek | ||
Def. | mertem | merted | merte | mertük | mertétek | merték | |||
2nd-p. o. | mertelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. merni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | merék | merél | mere | merénk | merétek | merének | ||
Def. | merém | meréd | meré | merénk | merétek | merék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. mer vala, mert vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | merendek | merendesz | merend | merendünk | merendetek | merendenek | ||
Def. | merendem | merended | merendi | merendjük | merenditek | merendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | merendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | mernék | mernél | merne | mernénk | mernétek | mernének | |
Def. | merném | mernéd | merné | mernénk (or mernők) |
mernétek | mernék | |||
2nd-p. o. | mernélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. mert volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | merjek | merj or merjél |
merjen | merjünk | merjetek | merjenek | |
Def. | merjem | merd or merjed |
merje | merjük | merjétek | merjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. mert légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | merni | mernem | merned | mernie | mernünk | mernetek | merniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
merés | merő | mert | merendő | merve (mervén) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | merhetek | merhetsz | merhet | merhetünk | merhettek | merhetnek | |
Def. | merhetem | merheted | merheti | merhetjük | merhetitek | merhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | merhettem | merhettél | merhetett | merhettünk | merhettetek | merhettek | ||
Def. | merhettem | merhetted | merhette | merhettük | merhettétek | merhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | merheték | merhetél | merhete | merheténk | merhetétek | merhetének | ||
Def. | merhetém | merhetéd | merheté | merheténk | merhetétek | merheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. merhet vala, merhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | merhetendek or merandhatok |
merhetendesz or merandhatsz |
merhetend or merandhat |
merhetendünk or merandhatunk |
merhetendetek or merandhattok |
merhetendenek or merandhatnak | ||
Def. | merhetendem or merandhatom |
merhetended or merandhatod |
merhetendi or merandhatja |
merhetendjük or merandhatjuk |
merhetenditek or merandhatjátok |
merhetendik or merandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetendelek or merandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | merhetnék | merhetnél | merhetne | merhetnénk | merhetnétek | merhetnének | |
Def. | merhetném | merhetnéd | merhetné | merhetnénk (or merhetnők) |
merhetnétek | merhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. merhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | merhessek | merhess or merhessél |
merhessen | merhessünk | merhessetek | merhessenek | |
Def. | merhessem | merhesd or merhessed |
merhesse | merhessük | merhessétek | merhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. merhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (merhetni) | (merhetnem) | (merhetned) | (merhetnie) | (merhetnünk) | (merhetnetek) | (merhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | merhető | Neg. adj. | merhetetlen | Adv. part. | (merhetve / merhetvén) | ||||
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Ugric *märɜ- (“to dive, plunge”).[2]
Verb
mer
Conjugation
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | merek | mersz | mer | merünk | mertek | mernek | |
Def. | merem | mered | meri | merjük | meritek | merik | |||
2nd-p. o. | merlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | mertem | mertél | mert | mertünk | mertetek | mertek | ||
Def. | mertem | merted | merte | mertük | mertétek | merték | |||
2nd-p. o. | mertelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. merni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | merék | merél | mere | merénk | merétek | merének | ||
Def. | merém | meréd | meré | merénk | merétek | merék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. mer vala, mert vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | merendek | merendesz | merend | merendünk | merendetek | merendenek | ||
Def. | merendem | merended | merendi | merendjük | merenditek | merendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | merendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | mernék | mernél | merne | mernénk | mernétek | mernének | |
Def. | merném | mernéd | merné | mernénk (or mernők) |
mernétek | mernék | |||
2nd-p. o. | mernélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. mert volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | merjek | merj or merjél |
merjen | merjünk | merjetek | merjenek | |
Def. | merjem | merd or merjed |
merje | merjük | merjétek | merjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. mert légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | merni | mernem | merned | mernie | mernünk | mernetek | merniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
merés | merő | mert | merendő | merve (mervén) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | merhetek | merhetsz | merhet | merhetünk | merhettek | merhetnek | |
Def. | merhetem | merheted | merheti | merhetjük | merhetitek | merhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | merhettem | merhettél | merhetett | merhettünk | merhettetek | merhettek | ||
Def. | merhettem | merhetted | merhette | merhettük | merhettétek | merhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | merheték | merhetél | merhete | merheténk | merhetétek | merhetének | ||
Def. | merhetém | merhetéd | merheté | merheténk | merhetétek | merheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. merhet vala, merhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | merhetendek or merandhatok |
merhetendesz or merandhatsz |
merhetend or merandhat |
merhetendünk or merandhatunk |
merhetendetek or merandhattok |
merhetendenek or merandhatnak | ||
Def. | merhetendem or merandhatom |
merhetended or merandhatod |
merhetendi or merandhatja |
merhetendjük or merandhatjuk |
merhetenditek or merandhatjátok |
merhetendik or merandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetendelek or merandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | merhetnék | merhetnél | merhetne | merhetnénk | merhetnétek | merhetnének | |
Def. | merhetném | merhetnéd | merhetné | merhetnénk (or merhetnők) |
merhetnétek | merhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. merhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | merhessek | merhess or merhessél |
merhessen | merhessünk | merhessetek | merhessenek | |
Def. | merhessem | merhesd or merhessed |
merhesse | merhessük | merhessétek | merhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | merhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. merhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (merhetni) | (merhetnem) | (merhetned) | (merhetnie) | (merhetnünk) | (merhetnetek) | (merhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | merhető | Neg. adj. | merhetetlen | Adv. part. | (merhetve / merhetvén) | ||||
See also
- Category:Hungarian auxiliary verbs
References
- Entry #1806 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- Entry #1805 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
- (to dare): mer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (to ladle): mer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɐ/
Inflection
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proclitic | Enclitic | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |
1st person singular | ich | -ich | mich
meich |
meer | mer
m'r | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | -du, -de
-Dau, -De |
dich | deer | der
d'r/D'r | |
3rd person singular (m.) | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em |
3rd person singular (f.) | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer | re |
3rd person singular (n.) | es; das | 's | es |
-et, -'t |
ihm | em |
1st person plural | meer | mer | uns | |||
2nd person plural | deer
Ehr, Dehr |
der | eich | |||
3rd person plural | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne |
Further reading
Kashubian
Etymology
Borrowed from Low German mär.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmɛr/
- Syllabification: mer
Further reading
- “mer”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Livonian
Alternative forms
- mie'r, meŕ (Courland)
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *meri. Akin to Finnish meri.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mer/
Declension
singular (ikšlug) | plural (pǟgiņlug) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīv) | mer | mierūd |
genitive (genitīv) | mier | mierūd |
partitive (partitīv) | mīerda | meŗḑi |
dative (datīv) | mierrõn | mierūdõn |
instrumental (instrumentāl) | mierkõks | mierūdõks |
illative (illatīv) | mierrõ | mierīž |
inessive (inesīv) | miersõ | meŗši |
elative (elatīv) | mierstõ | meŗšti |
Lolopo
Etymology
From Proto-Loloish *mo² (Bradley). Cognate with Nuosu ꂿꃅ (mo mu).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mɯ²¹]
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɐ/
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.
Related terms
Descendants
- French: mer
Megleno-Romanian
Alternative forms
References
- Atasanov, Petar (1990) Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske
Mòcheno
Etymology
From Middle High German mir, from Old High German mir, from Proto-Germanic *miz, dative and instrumental of *ek. Cognate with German mir, English me.
References
- “mer” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
Derived terms
See also
- meir (Nynorsk)
References
- “mer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Old French
Etymology
From Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.
Noun
mer oblique singular, f (oblique plural mers, nominative singular mer, nominative plural mers)
- sea (large body of water)
Related terms
Pennsylvania German
Declension
singular | plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar |
2nd person polite/formal |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie |
1unstressed
Alternative forms
Declension
singular | plural | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person familiar |
2nd person polite/formal |
3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
m | f | n | |||||||
nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie |
1unstressed
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
References
- Kate Burridge, Changes with Pennsylvania German, in Ethnosyntax (2002), page 226: mer saage nett […] (we don't say […] )
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɛr/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɛr
- Syllabification: mer
Noun
mer m pers
- mayor (in France and other countries, the chief executive of the municipal government of a city, borough, etc.)
Declension
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English mer, from Ancient Greek μέρος (méros).
Declension
Romansch
Etymology
From Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish mēr, from Old Norse meir, from Proto-Germanic *maiz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /meːr/
audio (file)
Adjective
mer
References
- mer in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- mer in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Anagrams
Walloon
Etymology
From Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /meʀ/