-se
See also: Appendix:Variations of "se"
English
Etymology
From Middle English -sen (verbal ending), from Old English -sian (verbal ending), from Proto-Germanic *-isōną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-ns/, IPA(key): /-nz/, IPA(key): /-s/, IPA(key): /-(d)ʒ/
Suffix
-se
- Creates denominatives from adjective or nouns.
- When attached to certain adjectives, it forms a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). The same construction could also be done to certain (fewer) nouns, as, bless, in which case the verb means roughly, to make bloody/sanctify.
Usage notes
- No longer productive.
Chuukese
Dutch
Etymology
From the inflected form of the suffix -s, denoting characteristic.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Estonian
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zə/
Audio (file)
Guaraní
Irish
Alternative forms
- -sa (broad form)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʃə]
Derived terms
Irish terms suffixed with -se
Latin
Ojibwe
See also
- -bide (“drive, speed, fly, fall in, inanimate subject”)
- -bizo (“drive, speed, fly, fall in, animate subject”)
References
- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/se-final-654924
- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/se-final
Old Irish
See also
Old Irish emphatic suffixes
Person | Emphatic suffixes |
---|---|
1 sg. | -se, -sa |
2 sg. | -siu, -so, -su |
3 sg. m.n. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
3 sg. f. | -si |
1 pl. | -ni, -nai, -sni |
2 pl. | -si |
3 pl. | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
Scottish Gaelic
Usage notes
- Added to prepositional pronouns to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun).
- Used in third-person singular feminine (eg aicese).
- Used in second-person plural (eg oirbhse).
Derived terms
Scottish Gaelic terms suffixed with -se
Sidamo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-se/
See also
References
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383
Turkish
preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / İ / Ö / Ü |
-sa | -se |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /se/
Etymology 1
From Ottoman Turkish ـسا (-sa), ـس (-se), evolved from the verb Proto-Turkic *sā- or *sā(j)- (“to count, to consider, to desire something, to count something among one's wishes”).[1][2][3] Cognates with Azerbaijani -sa, -sə, Karakhanid ـسا, ـسه.
Suffix
-se
- Form of -sa after the vowels E / İ / Ö / Ü.
preceding vowel | |
---|---|
A / I / O / U | E / İ / Ö / Ü |
-sa | -se |
Etymology 2
From Ottoman Turkish ـسه (-sa, -se), from Old Turkic *-sar, from Proto-Turkic *-sar or *-sa, where the "r" was gradually omitted over time.[3][4] Cognate with Old Uyghur *-sar.
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+sA" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*sā(j)-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Bulak, Şahap. "TÜRKÇEDE +sA- İSİMDEN FİİL YAPMA EKİ." Electronic Turkish Studies 7.3 (2012).
- Benzer, Ahmet. "-sA Ekinin İşlevleri ve Dilek-Şart Ayrımı." Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 28 (2010): 131-140.
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