sin

sin

1. (mathematics) The trigonometric function sine.
2. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sinhala.

From Middle English sinne, synne, sunne, zen, from Old English synn (“sin”), from Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, from Proto-Germanic *sunjō (“truth, excuse”) and *sundī, *sundijō (“sin”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-ih₂, from *h₁sónts ("being, true", implying a verdict of "truly guilty" against an accusation or charge), from *h₁es- (“to be”); compare Old English sōþ ("true"; see sooth). Doublet of suttee.

• sinne (archaic)
• synne (obsolete)

• enPR: sĭn, IPA^(key): /sɪn/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪn

sin (countable and uncountable, plural sins)

1. (theology) A violation of divine will or religious law.

   As a Christian, I think this is a sin against God.

   • 1866, James Buchanan, Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion‎, New York: D. Appleton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 9:

     Slavery, according to them, was a grievous sin against God, and therefore no human Constitution could rightfully shield it from destruction. It was sinful to live in a political confederacy which tolerated slavery in any of the States composing it; […]

2. Sinfulness, depravity, iniquity.
3. A misdeed or wrong.
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

     The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. […] The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

4. A sin offering; a sacrifice for sin.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:21, column 2:

     For he hath made him to be ſinne for vs, who knewe no ſinne, […]

5. An embodiment of sin; a very wicked person.
   • 1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 222, column 1:

     Thy Ambition / (Thou Scarlet ſinne) robb’d this bewailing Land / Of Noble Buckingham, […]

6. A flaw or mistake.

   No movie is without sin.

7. (sports) sin bin
   • 2023 October 28, Leighton Koopman, “YES!!! The Springboks beat the All Blacks to win another Rugby World Cup title”, in Independent Online‎:

     Winger Cheslin Kolbe, sitting with his jersey over his head in the sin after a yellow card at the death, was probably the sight of millions of South Africans around the country who had their hearts in their mouth as they sat through another nail-biting match.

• offence
• adharma (in Hinduism)
• ithm (in Islam)

sin (third-person singular simple present sins, present participle sinning, simple past and past participle sinned)

1. (intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

Modification of shin.

• seen, sīn

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/, /siːn/

sin (plural sins)

1. A letter of the Hebrew alphabet; שׂ
2. A letter of the Arabic alphabet; س

sin (plural sins)

1. Alternative form of sinh (“tube skirt”)

• INS, Ins, Ins., NIS, NSI, Niš, in's, ins, ins., nis

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/, [ˈsɪn]
• Hyphenation: sin

sín (predicative síini)

1. ye, you

sín

1. your (second person plural)

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “sin”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

From Dutch zin, from Middle Dutch sin, from Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

• IPA^(key): /sən/

sin (plural sinne, diminutive sinnetjie)

1. meaning, sense
2. sentence
3. sense (means of perceiving reality)
4. sense, comprehension
5. desire

• sinvol

sin

1. Misspelling of s'n.

• sinu

From Latin sinus. Compare Romanian sân, Spanish seno.

sin n (plural sinj)

1. breast

• tsãtsã

sin

1. Alternative form of ensin

From Latin signum.

sin m

1. sign

From Spanish zinc, from German Zink, related to Zinke (“point, prong”), from Middle High German zinke, from Old High German zinko (“prong, tine”), allied to zint (“a jag, point”), from Proto-Germanic *tindaz (“prong, pinnacle”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts (“tooth, projection”).

sin

1. zinc
2. galvanized iron sheet

Ultimately from Latin signum.

sin m (plural sînys)

1. sign

From Old Norse sínn.

• Rhymes: -in

sin c (neuter sit, plural sine)

1. (reflexive possessive) third-person sg pronoun, meaning his/her/its (own)

   Han læste sin bog ― He read his (own) book

   Compare: Han læste hans bog ― He read his (somebody else's) book

• Audio

  (file)

sin

1. accusative of si

Cognates include Gun sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn

1. water

• Claire Lefebvre, Anne-Marie Brousseau, A Grammar of Fongbe (2002, →ISBN

Cognates include Fon sìn, Saxwe Gbe ɛsìn, Adja eshi, Ewe esti. Possibly cognate with Nkonya ntsu.

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sìn (plural sìn lɛ́ or sìn lẹ́)

1. water

   Synonym: òsìn

• IPA^(key): /sĩ̀/

sín

1. comes after a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's

   Gbẹ̀tọ́ sín àfọ̀ / Gbɛ̀tɔ́ sín àfɔ̀ ― The human's foot

• Aspect and Modality in Kwa Languages (2006, →ISBN)

From Arabic سِين (sīn).

• IPA^(key): /sín/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [sɪ́ŋ]

sin f

1. sin (letter of the Arabic alphabet)

From Middle High German sein, sīn, from Old High German sīn (“to be”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”) and *beuną (“to be, exist, become”)), from Proto-Indo-European *es-, *h₁es- (“to be, exist”).

• IPA^(key): /sin/

sin

1. to be

   Ich sin en Mann.

   I am a man.

   Deer seid zu mied.

   You are too tired.

   Sie denke, dass-se en Hex is.

   They think she's a witch.

2. (auxiliary) forms the perfect tense of most intransitive verbs

   Ich sin fortgang.

   I am gone.

• do sin

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

From Old Norse sin.

• IPA^(key): /sɪːn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪːn

sin f (genitive singular sinar, nominative plural sinar)

1. sinew, tendon

• san

From Middle Irish sin, from Old Irish sin.

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ʃɪnʲ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ʃɨ̞nʲ/

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that

   an buachaill sin ― that boy

sin

1. that

   Sin é mo dheartháir.

   That is my brother.

   • (Can we date this quote?), “Cad é sin don té sin [What is that to anyone]”‎:

     Ó cad é sin don té sin nach mbaineann sin dó?

     Oh what is that to him whom that doesn't concern?

• ó shin

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sin”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 67

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/
• Rhymes: -in
• Hyphenation: sìn

sin

1. Apocopic form of sino

From Chinese 身 (MC syin).

sin 

1. body

From Proto-Berber.

• IPA^(key): /sin/

sin m (feminine snat)

1. two

• Bellahsene, Linda, Hameg, Nadia (2009) “Kabyle numeral system”, in Université Paris 4, CNRS, editor, Numeral Systems of the World's Languages‎, Paris, France

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine.

• IPA^(key): /sin/

sin (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling סין)

1. without

• kon

From sī + nē.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /siːn/, [s̠iːn]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sin/, [sin]

sīn

1. if however, if on the contrary, but if

   sin aliter/minus/secus ― otherwise, if not

   • Nonne si bene egeris, recipies : sin autem male, statim in foribus peccatum aderit?

     If thou do well, shalt thou not receive? but if ill, shall not sin forthwith be present at the door? (Genesis 4:7, God speaking to Cain)

• sin in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication

sin

1. genitive singular of sinā

sin

1. water

• Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens, page 155

From Old Dutch sin, from Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

sin m or f

1. direction
2. attention
3. sense, intellect, reason
4. feeling, emotion
5. sense, perception
6. meaning

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

• Dutch: zin
  • Afrikaans: sin
  • Negerhollands: sin
• Limburgish: zin

• “sin, sinne (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sin (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

sin

1. Alternative form of sithen

sin

1. Alternative form of synne

From Old High German sīn. Cognate with Middle Low German sīn.

• wësen

sîn or wësen (irregular, third-person singular present ist, past tense was, past participle gewësen, past subjunctive wære, auxiliary sîn)

1. to be, become

• German: sein

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “sîn”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke‎, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

From Old High German sīn.

sîn

1. his
2. its
3. one's

• German: sein

• sein

From Old Irish sin.

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

sin

1. that
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Is í sein int ṡeised bruiden ro·boi i n‑hErind in tan sin […]

     That is one of the six halls that were in Ireland at that time […]

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

• (originally) IPA^(key): /siːn/

From Old Saxon sīn.

sîn

1. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, masculine, genitive) of his

   lohant ret her Zeno hen na Verona to dem vader sin.

   John rode Sir Zeno to Verona, to the father of his.

2. (personal pronoun, third person, in the singular, neuter, genitive) of it
3. (possessive, third person, in the singular, masculine) his
4. (possessive, third person, neuter, masculine) its

Personal pronoun:

Possessive pronoun:

• sîner (for the genitive of the personal pronoun)

From Old Saxon sīn.

• wēsen

sîn

1. to be

• Wēsen is a verb with a suppletive conjugation based on multiple Proto-Germanic stems. For many verb forms, authors freely chose between forms based on the stems wēs- and sî-, without semantic impact. This is also true for modern Low German and Dutch. For the forms based on the sî- stem, see the respective entry at wēsen.

• German Low German:

  Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: sin (past participle: west, also wesen)

  Westphalian:

  Münsterländisch: syn (past participle: weßt), sien (past participle: west)

  Paderbornisch: seyn, syn (past participle: wiäsen)

sin

1. also, too

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).

Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.

• IPA^(key): [sɪ̀n]

sin (possessed form biyiin)

1. song

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

sin

1. Inflected form of san
2. its

sin

1. accusative/genitive of sii

From Old Norse sinn.

sin m (feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. (reflexive) her / his / its / their
2. indicating possession; 's, of

   Det var skolen sin bil.

   It was the school's car.

• “sin” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Norse sinn.

• IPA^(key): /sɪnː/
• Homophone: sinn

sin (masculine sin, feminine si, neuter sitt, plural sine)

1. (reflexive) her/his/its/their
2. indicating possession; 's, of

   Det var skulen sin bil.

   It was the school’s car.

• “sin” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

sīn

1. his, its, hers

• Middle Dutch: sijn
  • Dutch: zijn
  • Limburgish: zeen

• “sīn (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn (“his, her, its, their”, genitive reflexive).

Cognate with Old Frisian sīn (“his, its”), Old Saxon sīn (“his”) (Middle Low German sin), Dutch zijn, Old High German sīn (“his”) (German sein), Old Norse sínn (“one's own”), Old English sē (“that, that one, he”). More at the.

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

sīn

1. (rare, chiefly dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his; her; its; their
   • him ġewāt Hrōþgār tō hofe sīnum ― For him Hrothgar went to his courtyard
   • þæt wīf tredeð mid sīnum fōtum ― The woman walks with her feet
   • þeċ heriað Israhēla, herran sīnne ― Israel plunders you, their lord
   • Bær sēo brimwylf hringa þengel tō hofe sīnum ― The sea-wolf carried the Prince of Rings to her lair

• Usually occurs in non-West Saxon dialects; rarely occurs in West Saxon prose, where it was replaced early on by the genitive forms: his, hire, and heora.

From Proto-West Germanic *sinn.

sin m

1. sense
2. mind
3. spirit
4. thought
5. intention

• sens

• Middle High German: sin
  • German: Sinn
  • Luxembourgish: Sënn
  • Yiddish: זין (zin)

1. Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (compare Welsh hyn), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“that”); strong doublet of in (“the”).

sin

1. that, those (used after the noun, which is preceded by the definite article)

   Synonym: tall

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^c23

     co beid .i. co mbed a ndéde sin im labrad-sa .i. gáu et fír .i. combad sain a n‑as·berin ó bélib et aní imme·rádin ó chridiu

     so that there may be, i.e. so that those two things might be in my speaking, namely false and true, i.e. so that what I might say with [my] lips and what I might think with [my] heart might be different

   • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26^b7

     De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”

     Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.

• ísin

• Irish: sin
• Scottish Gaelic: sin
• Manx: shen

sin

1. that (as a direct object, used together with a clitic pronoun)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14^d26

     Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.

     It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

• insin

• sina

From Proto-Germanic *senawō.

sin f (genitive sinar)

1. cord, tendon, sinew; nerve

• "sin", in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

From Proto-West Germanic *sīn.

sīn m or n

1. (dialectal, reflexive possessive pronoun) his, its
   • 9th c. Heliand, verse 178:

     uundrodun alla bihuuī he thar sō lango frāon sīnun thionon thorfti

     they all wondered who he should need for so long to serve his Lords

   • verse 3832:

     selliad, that thar sīn ist: that sculun iuuua seolon uuesen

     Bring that which is his, that shall be your souls

• Low German: sien

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”) (with some parts from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)). Cognate with Old Dutch sīn (“to be”), Old English sēon (“to be”), Old High German sīn. More at sooth.

sīn (irregular)

1. to be (more at wesan)

• Low German: sön, sennen

From Latin sine.

sin

1. without
   • c. 1200, Cantar del Mio Cid:

     Vio puertas abiertas e uços sin cannados

     He saw open doors and gates without locks

• con

• Ladino: sin
• Spanish: sin

Old Norse sínn, sinn from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz.

sin

1. (Reflexive possessive third person determiner.) his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own)

sin m

1. his, hers or its

From Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), from Proto-Slavic *synъ (“son”).

sin m (uncountable)

1. (dated, regional) son of (in patronymics)

From Old Frisian sīn, from Proto-West Germanic *sīn. Cognates include West Frisian syn and German sein.

• IPA^(key): /sɪn/

sin (feminine sien, neuter sien, plural sien, predicative sinnen)

1. his

• Marron C. Fort (2015) “sin”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN

• (Uist) sineach

From Old Irish sin.

• IPA^(key): /ʃɪn/
• (Harris, North Uist) IPA^(key): /ʃɛn/ (as if spelled sean)

sin

1. that

   Dè tha sin?

   What is that?

• mar sin

sin

1. (used with the definite article) that

   an gille sin

   that boy

• an sin (“there; then”)
• air a shon sin (“nevertheless”)
• an dèidh sin (“afterwards; nevertheless”)
• cho math ri sin (“furthermore”)
• iad sin (“those”)

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

• IPA^(key): /sîːn/

sȋn m (Cyrillic spelling си̑н)

1. son

From Hebrew ש.

• IPA^(key): /sîn/

sȉn m (Cyrillic spelling си̏н)

1. sin (letter of various Semitic abjads)

From Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

• IPA^(key): /síːn/

sȋn m anim

1. son

• “sin”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

From Old Spanish sin, from Latin sine. Cognate with English sans, French sans, Italian senza, and Portuguese sem.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsin/ [ˈsĩn]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -in
• Syllabification: sin

sin

1. without

   Antonym: con

• “sin”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

• ſin (obsolete typography)

Nominalisation of sina (“run dry”).

sin ?

1. Dryness, the state of having run dry.

Most commonly used when referring to either milk or funds.

From Old Swedish sīn, from Old Norse sínn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz. Cognate with Danish sin, Gothic 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (seins), German sein, Dutch zijn.

• IPA^(key): /siːn/

sin c (neuter sitt, plural sina)

1. his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own). (Reflexive possessive third person pronoun).

   Han hämtade sin post för tio minuter sedan.

   He picked up his (own) mail ten minutes ago.

   Compare:

   Han hämtade hans post för tio minuter sedan.

   He picked up his (somebody else’s) mail ten minutes ago.

   Hon samlar sina dikter i en låda.

   She collects her poems in a box.

   Hunden tycker inte om sitt halsband.

   The dog doesn’t like its collar.

   De tog sina papper och lämnade mötet.

   They gathered their papers and left the meeting.

• The inflection of the word sin is determined by the gender and number of the object: sin for common singular, sitt for neuter singular, and sina for plural, just like an adjective.

sin

1. you (singular), thou

From Proto-Turkic *sï(y)n (“monument, tomb”).[1]

sin (definite accusative sini, plural sinler)

1. (dated) grave, burial place

From Arabic سِين (sīn).