vis
English
Derived terms
- vis absoluta
- vis activa
- vis a tergo
- vis comica
- vis compulsiva
- vis impressa
- vis inertiae
- vis major
- vis medicatrix naturae
- vis mortua
- vis motrix
- vis passiva
- vis vitae
- vis vitalis
- vis viva
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vɪs/
- Rhymes: -ɪs
Alternative forms
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch vis, from Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fəs/
Audio (file)
Noun
Related terms
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *uitśi-(ā), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”). Cognate to Sanskrit विश् (víś, “settlement, community, tribe”), Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house”), Latin vicus (“village”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [vis]
Declension
Derived terms
References
- Albanische Etymologien (Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz), Bardhyl Demiraj, Leiden Studies in Indo-European 7; Amsterdam - Atlanta 1997.p . 419.
- Vladimir, Orel. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the albanian language
Dalmatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /βis/
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse vís (in ǫðru vís(i) "otherwise"), from Proto-Germanic *wīsō, *wīsǭ (“manner”). Cognate with Norwegian vis, Swedish vis, English wise, Dutch wijze and German Weise. Another variant of the same word is Danish vise (“song”), Swedish visa, from Old Norse vísa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʋiːˀs]
- Rhymes: -iːˀs
Noun
vis c
Derived terms
References
“vis,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 2
From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz (“wise”). Cognates include Norwegian vis, Swedish vis, English wise, and German weise.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʋiˀs]
- Rhymes: -iːˀs
Inflection
Inflection of vis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | vis | visere | visest2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | vist | visere | visest2 |
Plural | vise | visere | visest2 |
Definite attributive1 | vise | visere | viseste |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
References
“vis,3” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 3
From Old Norse viss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz, cognate with Norwegian viss, Swedish viss, German gewiss.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʋes]
- Rhymes: -es
References
“vis,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʋiˀs]
- Rhymes: -iːˀs
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vɪs/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: vis
- Rhymes: -ɪs
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.
Noun
Alternative forms
- (before 1934) visch
Derived terms
- aasvis
- anemoonvis
- aprilvis
- bakvis
- beenvis
- boter bij de vis
- brakwatervis
- bruinvis
- clownvis
- egelvis
- goudvis
- inktvis
- klipvis
- kogelvis
- kookvis
- kraakbeenvis
- lintvis
- lipvis
- longvis
- mossel noch vis
- platvis
- potvis
- riviervis
- roofvis
- schelvis
- schorpioenvis
- slijmvis
- steenvis
- stokvis
- vijlvis
- vinvis
- visarend
- visbestand
- visdief
- visgraat
- visolie
- vispopulatie
- visrijk
- vissaus
- vissen
- vissenrijk
- vissoep
- visstand
- vissterfte
- visstick
- visvangst
- visvervanger
- visvijver
- visvork
- vlees noch vis
- vliegende vis
- walvis
- witvis
- zeevis
- zoetwatervis
- zoutwatervis
- zwaardvis
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
French
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old French viz, from Latin vītis (“vine”).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See vivre.
Verb
vis
- inflection of vivre:
- first/second-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular present imperative
Etymology 3
See voir.
Further reading
- “vis”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
See also
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /u̯iːs/, [u̯iːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /vis/, [vis]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *wīs, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”), Sanskrit वयस् (vayas, “enjoyment, vigor, youth, age”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).
Noun
vīs f (irregular, genitive *vīs); third declension
- force, power, strength, vigor, faculty, potency
- Synonyms: rōbur, ops, vehementia
- Sit vīs tēcum.
- May the Force be with you.
- (in the plural) strength, might (physical)
- omnibus vīribus ― with all his strength; with all her might; with all their force
- violence, assault
- Synonyms: aggressiō, impressiō, assultus, invāsiō, concursus, impetus, appetītus, occursiō, oppugnātiō, incursus, incursiō, petītiō, ictus, procella
- ad vim atque ad arma confugere ― appeal to violence and fighting
- (figuratively) meaning, significance, nature, essence and value of a word
- (figuratively) assault, affront
- (figuratively) quantity, flood
- (New Latin, physics) energy, force
Usage notes
- The genitive and dative singular are not in common use (with exceptional attestations being analogical) and substituted with forms of rōbur (rōboris, rōborī).
- The plural forms of this noun are often treated as a separate plurale tantum noun, with a distinct meaning of physical force. An analogical nominative/accusative vīs is occasionally found, beginning with Lucretius.[1]
Declension
Third-declension noun (irregular, defective).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | vīs | vīrēs |
Genitive | *vīs | vīrium |
Dative | *vī | vīribus |
Accusative | vim | vīrēs vīrīs |
Ablative | vī | vīribus |
Vocative | vīs | vīrēs |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁si, second-person singular present of *wéyh₁ti. This particular form is suppletive, in contrast to the other forms of volō, which derive from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-. (Proto-Italic *wels became a separate word (vel (“or, and/or”), to be specific) in Latin.)
Derived terms
References
- “vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “vis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- vis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur
- straight on: rectā (viā)
- to wish any one a prosperous journey: aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
- to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
- as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
- to burst into a flood of tears: lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere
- to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- to lay hands on oneself: manus, vim sibi afferre
- to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to have considerable influence on a question: magnam vim habere ad aliquid
- to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- to wish prosperity to an undertaking: aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to honour, show respect for, a person: aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
- there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence: res spectat ad vim (arma)
- to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...)
- to possess presence of mind: praesenti animo uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- to behave with cruelty: crudelitate uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- to use insulting expressions to any one: contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
- to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui
- to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui
- to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21)
- to meet force by force: vim vi depellere
- to meet force by force: vi vim illatam defendere
- to vote (in the popular assembly): suffragium ferre (vid. sect. VI. 4, note Not sententiam...)
- to accuse a person of violence, poisoning: accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis
- to procure a very large supply of corn: frumenti vim maximam comparare
- by force of arms: vi et armis
- to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3)
- to have recourse to force of arms: ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...)
- to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare
- (ambiguous) the frost set in so severely that..: tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut
- (ambiguous) bodily strength: vires corporis or merely vires
- (ambiguous) to gain strength: vires colligere
- (ambiguous) to lose strength: vires aliquem deficiunt
- (ambiguous) as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
- (ambiguous) to become old and feeble: vires consenescunt
- (ambiguous) vivid, lively imagination: ingenii vis or celeritas
- (ambiguous) what do you mean to do: quid tibi vis?
- (ambiguous) oratorical power: vis dicendi
- (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi?
- (ambiguous) the fundamental meaning of a word: vis et notio verbi, vocabuli
- (ambiguous) enthusiasm: ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior
- there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur
- “vis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “vis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- “vis”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag
- Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
Further reading
- Vis medicatrix naturae on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Latvian
Particle
vis (invariable)
- Used to strengthen denying of the verb
- nav vis ― not at all
- es neiešu vis ― I shall not go
Norman
Norwegian Bokmål
Adjective
vis (neuter singular vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visere, indefinite superlative visest, definite superlative viseste)
Derived terms
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋiːs/
Adjective
vis (neuter vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visare, indefinite superlative visast, definite superlative visaste)
- wise
- Han er ein vis mann.
- He is a wise man.
Etymology 2
From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsō. Akin to English wise.
Noun
vis f or m or n (definite singular visen or visa or viset, indefinite plural visar or viser or vis, definite plural visane or visene or visa)
Usage notes
- The by far most common gender in use is neuter.
Inflection
Historical inflection of vis
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. 2Form was allowed for schoolchildren as of 1910. |
References
- “vis” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Polabian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvis/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *vьśь.
Alternative forms
- vės
Declension
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *osь.
Declension
The template Template:rfinfl does not use the parameter(s): g=fPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
References
- Lehr-Spławiński, Tadeusz (1994) Słownik etymołogiczny języka drzewian połabskich. Zeszyt 6. (in Polish), Warszawa: Energia, pages 991-992.
Portuguese
Romanian
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Declension
See also
- вис (vis) (Moldavian spelling)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vysь.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋîːs/
Noun
vȋs m (Cyrillic spelling ви̑с)
Declension
References
- “vis” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Swedish
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”).
Usage notes
- In de tre vise männen (“the three wise men”), an archaic weak masculine plural form vise is used.
Declension
Inflection of vis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | vis | visare | visast |
Neuter singular | vist | visare | visast |
Plural | visa | visare | visast |
Masculine plural3 | vise | visare | visast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | vise | visare | visaste |
All | visa | visare | visaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Etymology 2
From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsą.
Declension
Declension of vis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | vis | viset | vis | visen |
Genitive | vis | visets | vis | visens |
Synonyms
Anagrams
Zealandic
Etymology
From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-West Germanic *fisk, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.