ben

ben

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Bengali.

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/
• (pin–pen merger) IPA^(key): /bɪn/

• Audio (Southern England)

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• Audio (AU)

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• Homophones: Ben, been (some accents), bin (pin-pen merger)
• Rhymes: -ɛn, -ɪn

From Middle English ben, bene, from Old English bēn (“prayer, request, favor, compulsory service”), from Proto-Germanic *bōniz (“supplication”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Related to ban. More at boon.

• bene

ben (plural bens)

1. (obsolete) A prayer; a petition.

From Middle English ben, bene, variation of bin, binne (“within”), from Old English binnan (“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- +‎ in.

ben

1. (Scotland, Northern England) In, into.
   • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 32:

     And he was waving to me to creep in, so I just did and then just to skip ben the front and then in the lobby.

ben (not comparable)

1. (Scotland, Northern England) Inside.

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmost)

1. Inner, interior.

• ben-end, ben-room

ben (plural bens)

1. (Scotland, Northern England) Ben-room: The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).

• but and ben

• The Dictionary of the Scots Language

From Middle English been, from Old French and Medieval Latin, probably from a North African pronunciation of Arabic بَان (bān, “ben tree”).

ben (plural bens)

1. A tree, Moringa oleifera or horseradish tree of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben.
2. The winged seed of the ben tree.
3. The oil of the ben seed.

• (tree): drumstick tree, horseradish tree, moringa

• ben-nut
• ben oil

From Arabic بِن (bin) and Hebrew בן (ben, “son”).

• Ben
• bin (Arabic)

ben (uncountable)

1. (usually capitalised) Son of (used with Hebrew and Arabic surnames).

Borrowed from Scots ben, benn, from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

ben (plural bens)

1. A Scottish or Irish mountain or high peak.

• Ben Lomond
• Ben More
• Ben Nevis
• Ben Venue

UK C16. Probably from Latin bene or Italian bene.

ben (comparative benar, superlative benat)

1. (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) Alternative spelling of bene; good.
   • 1611, Thomas Middleton, The Roaring Girle‎:

     A gage of ben Rom-bouse, / In a bousing-ken of Rom-vile, / Is benar than a Caster, / Pecke, pennam, lay, or popler, / Which we mill in deuse a vile.

     [paraphrase] A pot of good wine, / In a pub of London, / Is better than a cloak, / Meat, bread, milk, or porridge, / Which we steal in the countryside.

Shortening.

ben (plural bens)

1. (UK, theater, slang, obsolete) A benefit (performance to raise funds).
   • year?, The Catholic Literary Circular (page 75)

     In the Chronicles of the Stage, some curious particulars are given relating to Sir Henry Herbert and the well-known Sir William Davidson, by which we learn, amongst other things, that a “ben” or benefit at Drury Lane, two centuries ago, was worth a hundred pounds.

• John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary

• ben-joltram
• ben-shie

• EbN, NEB, NbE, Neb., neb

ben

1. big

ben

1. a big thing

• Pavol Štekauer, Salvador Valera, Lívia Kőrtvélyessy, Word-Formation in the World's Languages: A Typological Survey (2012)

ben

1. bean

• Silvia Kouwenberg, Berbice Dutch Glossed Texts (2013)

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian) [ˈben]
• Rhymes: -en

ben

1. Alternative form of bé

   Porteu un vestit ben bonic. ― Wear a very pretty dress.

   Demà al matí ben d'hora m'aixeco i viatjo a Milan. ― Tomorrow morning quite early I'll get up and travel to Milan.

• The form ben is used when it precedes the adjective, adverb or verb form that it modifies, and bé is used in all other cases.

• bénne (Sette Comuni)

From Middle High German wenne, wanne, from Old High German hwenne, hwanne, from Proto-West Germanic *hwannā, from *hwan, from Proto-Germanic *hwan (“when”). Cognate with German wenn, wann, English when. Doublet of benn (adverb), from the same Middle High German source.

ben

1. (Luserna) when

   Khåntamar khön ben 'z tüata offe di pinakotèk? ― Can you tell me when the art gallery opens?

• “ben” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

From bè (“well”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛn/

ben m

1. deceased

ben

1. Alternative form of bè

• https://infcor.adecec.net/

From Old Norse bein (“bone, leg”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą, cognate with English bone, German Bein.

• IPA^(key): /beːˀn/, [ˈb̥eˀn]

ben n (singular definite benet, plural indefinite ben)

1. leg (a limb of a human or an animal used for walking; also, by analogy, the legs of a desk or a chair)

   Synonym: pusselanke (childish; joking)

2. bone (any part of the skeleton)
3. sinecure (a position that requires little to no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.)

• “ben” in Den Danske Ordbog

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻 (bahiṇī), from Sanskrit भगिनी (bhaginī). Cognate with Hindi बहन (bahan).

• IPA^(key): /ben̪/, /bɛn̪/

ben f

1. sister

• Matras, Yaron (2012) A Grammar of Domari (Mouton Grammar Library)‎, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 65

From Middle Dutch bim, from Proto-Germanic *beuną.

• Audio

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• Rhymes: -ɛn
• IPA^(key): /bɛn/

ben

1. first-person singular present indicative of zijn
2. (dialectal) imperative of zijn

Ben, as an imperative, is considered non-standard, the standard form being wees.

• (imperative) wees

• Skepi Creole Dutch: ben

• Taaladvies.net on ‘wees’ or ‘ben’

From Old Norse ben, from Proto-Germanic *banjō.

ben n (genitive singular bens, plural ben)

1. wound

ben f (genitive singular benjar, plural benjar)

1. wound

• benjardøgg
• benjarkolvur

Alternative form of bien

• IPA^(key): /bɛ̃/
• Rhymes: -ɛ̃

ben

1. (informal) Well; uh

• ben voyons

Clipping of bénard.

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/

ben m (plural bens)

1. (slang) pants, trousers

• “ben”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

From Latin bene.

ben

1. well
2. properly, nicely

• mâl

ben

1. good

• bon

• bem (reintegrationist)

From Old Galician-Portuguese ben, from Latin bene.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛŋ/ [ˈbɛŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɛŋ
• Hyphenation: ben

ben m (plural bens)

1. benefit; welfare

   Synonym: beneficio

2. (in the plural) goods
3. good (the forces that are the enemy of evil)

   Antonym: mal

• bo

ben

1. well

   Antonym: mal

   Ben feito! ― Well done!

2. very; a lot; enough

   Eche un rapaz ben espilido! ― He's a very smart young man!

   • 1473, A. López Ferreiro, editor, Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática, Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 29:

     cando se ganou dos mouros a grande batalla da figeira en donde tamen perdin e me mataron o cabalo e eu sahin ben librado enpero ben ferido de hua saetada enno braço dereito que non a vin curada fasta pasados ben tres meses

     when the great Battle of the Figtree was won to the Moors, where I also lost —and they killed— my horse and I got out safe but badly injured of an arrow shot in the right arm, wound that I saw not cured until more than three months later

3. (followed by de or a contraction of de) a lot (of)

   Bótalle ben de zucre, sen medo! ― Add a lot of sugar, don't be shy!

4. plus, or more, upwards
   • c. 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla, Ourense: I.E.O.P.F, page 174:

     Et durou a guerra dessa uez ontre elles bem dous ãnos, fazendosse todauia muyto mal os hũus aos outros, de guisa que, ante que sse aquella contenda fijnse, morrerõ y muytos

     And the war between them lasted that time for two years plus, making in every way a lot of harm the ones to the others, in wise that, before that conflict had ended, many died there

• bo

• “ben” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “ben” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “ben” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Borrowed from Italian bene, French bien, Spanish bien and Portuguese bem.

• IPA^(key): /ben/

ben (comparative melio, superlative le melio)

1. well

• ben que

From Latin bene.

ben

1. well

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛn/
• Hyphenation: bèn

ben (apocopated)

1. Apocopic form of bene

   ben fatto ― well done

• ben altro

ben

1. Rōmaji transcription of べん

From Portuguese vir and Spanish venir .

ben

1. to come

From Latin bene.

ben (comparative miec)

1. well
2. properly

ben m (plural bens)

1. (especially in the plural) goods, property

Akin to Italian bene, from Latin.

ben

1. well

ben

1. Nonstandard spelling of bēn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of běn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of bèn.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

From Old Irish ben, from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

• IPA^(key): /bɛᵈn/

ben f (genitive singular mreih, plural mraane)

1. woman

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

ben

1. Alternative form of been

• “bēn” listed in the Middle English Dictionary [2001]

• Rhymes: -ɛn

ben ?

1. string, rope

• benik
• benk

• bend
• benî

From Danish ben, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

ben n (definite singular benet, indefinite plural ben, definite plural bena or benene)

1. a leg
2. a bone

• bein

• haleben
• menneskeben

• “ben” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Old Occitan ben, from Latin bene.

• Audio

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ben

1. well

• benlèu

ben m (plural bens)

1. good, possession

From Proto-Germanic *bainą.

bēn n

1. leg
2. bone

• Middle Dutch: bêen
  • Dutch: been
    • Afrikaans: been
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: been
    • Jersey Dutch: beîn
    • Negerhollands: been
    • → Lokono: bèna
  • Limburgish: bein

• “bēn”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

From Proto-Germanic *bōniz. Cognate with Old Norse bón.

• IPA^(key): /beːn/

bēn f (nominative plural bēne or bēna)

1. prayer, praying
2. request, entreaty
3. boon
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"

     Bide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne. Þa cwæþ se biscop him to, þu bæde ofer mine mæðe ac uton swa þeah biddan þas bena æt gode.

     Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Then said the Bishop to him, 'Thou hast asked beyond my power, but let us, nevertheless, ask this boon of God.'

• Middle English: ben, bene
  • English: ben, bene
    • ⇒ English: bee
  • ⇒ Scots: been-hook, been-plough

From Proto-Germanic *banjō. Cognate with Old Norse ben.

• IPA^(key): /ben/

ben f

1. Alternative form of benn

ben

1. (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of bien

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, from Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognates include Old English bān, Old Saxon bēn and Old Dutch bēn.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbeːn/, [ˈbɛːn]

bēn n

1. bone
2. leg

• North Frisian:

  Föhr-Amrum: bian

  Goesharde: biin

  Halligen: bian

  Heligoland: Bean

  Mooring: biinj

  Sylt: Biin

  Wiedingharde: biin

• Saterland Frisian: Been
• West Frisian: bien

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /bʲen/

From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)

1. woman

   Synonyms: banscál, bé, frac

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 31^c7

     arna érbarthar, “Ó chretsit, nín·tá airli ar mban”

     lest it be said, “Since they believed, we do not have management (?) of our women”

2. wife

   Synonym: séitig

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22^c10

     Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

     This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.

• ban-

• Middle Irish: ben
  • Irish: bean
  • Manx: ben
  • Scottish Gaelic: bean
• ⇒ Middle Irish: benagán

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

·ben

1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid

ben

1. second-person singular imperative of benaid

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 291, page 184

From Proto-Germanic *banjō.

ben f (genitive benjar, plural benjar)

1. mortal wound
2. small bleeding wound

ben n

1. wound

• bani m (“bane”)
• benja (“to wound mortally”)

• “ben”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

From Latin bene.

ben

1. well

• Occitan: ben

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “bene”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 1: A–B, page 322

From Proto-West Germanic *bain.

bēn n

1. bone

• Middle Low German: bên
  • Low German: Been, Bein
  • Plautdietsch: Been

• ᛒᚽᚿ (Runic)

From Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

• IPA^(key): /beːn/

bēn n

1. bone
2. leg

• Swedish: ben

From Old English binnan.

ben (plural bens)

1. The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmaist)

1. Inner, interior.

ben

1. Through, in, into, inside (a dwelling).

   A gaed ben the chaumer.

   Come awah ben, hen.

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

ben (plural bens)

1. mountain, hill

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بك (beñ).

ben m (Cyrillic spelling бен)

1. (regional) birthmark, mole, naevus

   Synonym: madež

• “ben” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “ben” in Hrvatski jezični portal
• “ben” in Hrvatski jezični portal

From English been.

ben

1. Verbal marker for the past tense.

This marker can be combined with the markers sa or o for the future tense and e for the progressive aspect, in which case the order, if all are used, is that of ben sa/o e. Some examples:

• mi ben waka: “I had walked”.
• mi ben e waka: “I was walking”.
• mi ben sa waka: “I would walk”.
• mi ben sa e waka: “I would have been walking”.

• bo

From Old Swedish bēn, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ˈbeːn/

ben n

1. (anatomy) leg; a body part
2. leg; part of trousers which covers the legs
3. the part of a piece furniture on which it stands
4. (anatomy) bone; any of the components of an endoskeleton
5. (anatomy) bone; the material of the endoskeleton

• ben in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ben in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ben in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/, /bæn/
• Hyphenation: ben

From Ottoman Turkish بن (ben, “I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben (“I”).[1][2]

Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰢𐰤 (mn² /⁠men⁠/), 𐰋𐰤 (b²n² /⁠ben⁠/, “I”), Karakhanid مَنْ (men, “I”), Azerbaijani mən, Bashkir мин (min), Chuvash эпӗ (ep̬ĕ), Kazakh мен (men), Kyrgyz мен (men), Turkmen men.

Possibly related to Mongolian би (bi, “I”), Manchu ᠪᡳ (bi, “I”) (however, the Altaic family theory is now only supported by a minority of scholars).[3]

ben

1. I, me

• It is one of the two words that has irregular dative case declension. (The other one is "sen").
• It is one of the two words that has irregular genitive case declension. (The other one is "biz").

ben (definite accusative beni, plural biz)

1. (psychology) ego

From Ottoman Turkish بك (beñ, “mole”), from Proto-Turkic *beŋ (“mole on the face”).[4]

Cognate with Bashkir миң (miñ), Kyrgyz мең (meŋ), Kazakh мең (meñ) Turkmen meň, Yakut мэҥ (meñ).

Also compare Mongolian мэнгэ (menge, “mole, birthmark”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

ben (definite accusative beni, plural benler)

1. birthmark, mole

• benli
• bensiz

• benek

• leke
• yama

From Latin bene.

ben

1. well

• benon

• bon

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓɛn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]

From French benne.

ben

1. a cabin

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ben

1. (Southern Vietnam) to be comparable

   Synonym: bì

   Ai thong thả, trâu nào ben được ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Borrowed from Latin bene.

• IPA^(key): [ben]

ben (nominative plural bens)

1. (sense of) well-being, welfare, being well, wellness

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛn/

From Middle Welsh benn, from Proto-Celtic *bend(n)ā (whence Latin benna), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”).

ben f (plural benni)

1. (transport, archaic) cart, wagon

• men

ben

1. Soft mutation of pen (“head”).