yn

• in

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

• IPA^(key): /ɪn/

yn

1. in

• y

From Old Irish in (compare Scottish Gaelic and Irish an).

yn

1. the

• ny

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 in”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

From Old English inn.

yn

1. Alternative form of in (“inn”)

From Old English in.

yn

1. Alternative form of in (“in”)

From Old English inne.

yn

1. Alternative form of in (“in”)

• IPA^(key): /ən/

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

yn

1. grammatical particle used in conjunction with bot (“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal complements
   • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:

     Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet a oed yn arglwyd ar seith cantref Dyuet.

     Pwyll Prince of Dyfed was lord of the seven cantrefs of Dyfed

2. grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

yn

1. in

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• an

yn

1. our

• Welsh: ein

From Proto-West Germanic *ūniju, *unnjā (“onion”).

• IPA^(key): /yːn/

ȳn f

1. onion

• ċiepe
• hramsa
• lēac

• ynnelēac

• IPA^(key): /ən/

Specialized use of yn (“in”). The lack of nasal mutation probably stems from a lost article or possessive pronoun qualifying the verbal noun.

• ’n (used after a vowel)

yn

1. grammatical particle used in conjunction with bod (“to be”) to mark adjectival, nominal, or verbal predicate complements

   Mae Tom yn darllen.

   Tom is reading.

   Mae Tom yn gysglyd.

   Tom is sleepy.

   Mae Tom yn fachgen.

   Tom is a boy.

2. grammatical particle used to change an adjective into an adverb

   yn dda ― well

   yn fawr ― greatly

   yn wir ― truly

• This particle triggers soft mutation, except for on words beginning with ⟨rh⟩ and ⟨ll⟩, of anything substantival, namely nouns, adjectives, numerals and verbal nouns used substantivally.
• It triggers no mutation on anything verbal, which in practice means verbal nouns used verbally.

From Middle Welsh yn, from Old Welsh in, from Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

• ym, yng

yn

1. in, at (definite nouns)

   Mae hi'n byw yng Nghaerdydd.

   She lives in Cardiff.

   Ydyn ni'n astudio yn y Brifysgol ym Mangor.

   We're studying at the University in Bangor.

   Roedd hi'n bwrw eira ym mis Mawrth.

   It was snowing in March.

   Mae'r llyfr yn (y) Gymraeg.

   The book is in Welsh.

• This particle triggers nasal mutation. Before ⟨p⟩, ⟨b⟩ and sometimes ⟨m⟩, it becomes ym and before ⟨c⟩ and ⟨g⟩, it becomes yng. In certain informal contexts or dialects, it may trigger soft or no mutation at all.
• Yn is used with definite nouns and noun phrases, its indefinite equivalent being mewn.

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “yn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

From Old Frisian in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

• IPA^(key): /iːn/

yn

1. in
2. into

• ynkringe
• ynwenje

• “yn”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

yn

1. Alternative form of ing (“in”)
   • 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 9-11:

     Yn ercha an aul o' while yt beeth wi gleezom o' core th' oure eyen dwytheth apan ye Vigere o'dicke Zouvereine, Wilyame ee Vourthe,

     In each and every condition it is with joy of heart that our eyes rest upon the representative of that Sovereign, William IV.,

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 114