< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ik

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ek.

Pronoun

*ik[1]

  1. I

Inflection
Proto-West Germanic personal pronouns
singular first person second person reflexive
nominative *ik *þū -
accusative *mik *þik *sik
dative *miʀ *þiʀ
possessive *mīn *þīn *sīn
dual first person second person reflexive
nominative *wit *jit -
accusative *unk *inkw *sik
dative
possessive *unkar *inkwar *sīn
plural first person second person reflexive
nominative *wiʀ *jiʀ -
accusative *uns *iwwi *sik
dative
possessive *unsar *iuwar *sīn

Descendants
  • Old English: iċ, ih, ich; iċċ; ᛁᚳ (ic)
    • Southern Middle English: ich
      • English: ich (obsolete since 19th century)
      • Yola: ich (revived)
    • Northern Middle English: ik
      • Scots: ik (rare)
    • Later Middle English: I
      • English: I
      • Scots: A, I
  • Old Frisian: ik
    • North Frisian: ick, ik
    • Saterland Frisian: iek
    • West Frisian: ik
  • Old Saxon: ik
    • Middle Low German: ik, ek
      • German Low German: ik
  • Old Dutch: ik, ic
    • Middle Dutch: ic, icke
      • Dutch: ik
        • Afrikaans: ek
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
        • Jersey Dutch: äk
        • Petjo: ik
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek
  • Old High German: ih
    • Middle High German: ich, ig
      • Alemannic German: ich, ig, i
        • Sensler: [iː][2]
        • Swabian: i
          • Sathmar Swabian: i
      • Bavarian: i
        • Cimbrian: ich (Setti Comuni); i (Luserna)
        • Gottscheerish: iχ, ī, i (unstressed); iχχe (emphatic)
        • Mòcheno: i
      • Central Franconian: ich, eich, ech
        • Hunsrückisch: äijsch
        • Britten: [æɪ̯ʃ], [ɪʃ][4]
        • Kölsch: ich[5]
      • East Central German:
        • Erzgebirgisch: iech
        • Silesian East Central German: iech
        • Upper Saxon German: isch, ische
      • East Franconian: i, iech
      • German: ich
      • Luxembourgish: ech
      • Rhine Franconian:
        • Hessian: aisch
        • Pennsylvania German: ich [ɪç][6]
      • Vilamovian: ych
      • Yiddish: איך (ikh), ich
    • → Limburgish: ich, iech, ik; iich; ech

References
  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 125: “*(ek ~) ik”
  2. Schmutz, Christian; Haas, Walter. (2004). Senslerdeutsches Wörterbuch. 2nd edition, Freiburg: Paulusverlag.
  3. Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson. (1996). Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul: Ein Beitrag zur Beschreibung einer deutschbrasilianischen Dialektvarietät im Kontakt mit dem Portugiesischen. (Mainzer Studien zur Sprach- und Volksforschung 21.) Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
  4. "ich". In: Besse, Maria. (2004). Britter Wörterbuch. Losheim am See: Verein für Heimatkunde in der Gemeinde Losheim am See.
  5. Online-Wörterbuch der Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch, Stichwort »ich« (URL).
  6. Kelz, Heinrich P. (1971). Phonologische Analyse des Pennsylvaniadeutschen. Hamburg: Buske.
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