See also:
U+6CBE, 沾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CBE

[U+6CBD]
CJK Unified Ideographs 沿
[U+6CBF]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 85, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水卜口 (EYR), four-corner 31160, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𮏝, 𥮒, 𨵍, , 𡝫, , 𤊁

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17259
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1008, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1583, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6CBE

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm) : semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).

Ganlu Zishu considers this glyph to be an unorthodox variant of (zhān).

Etymology 1

Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ត្រាំ (tram, to soak), តំរាំ (tɑmrŏəm, soaking; immersion; something which has been soaked), ជ្រាំ (crŏəm, muddy water), Proto-Bahnaric *tram (to soak), *kram (to sink), Proto-Katuic *tram (to soak) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • tiam, chiam - literary;
  • cham - vernacular.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂan⁵⁵/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂan²¹/
    /t͡san²¹/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂã²¹³/
    Qingdao /tʃã²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂan²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂã²¹/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂã⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂan⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡san⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡san⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡san⁵⁵/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sæ̃¹¹/
    Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡sæ̃³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡sø⁵³/
    Suzhou /t͡sø⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷõ³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕi³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂə̃³³/
    Xiangtan /t͡san³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sɛn⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sam⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /tʃɑm²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sim⁵³/
    Nanning /t͡sim⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /t͡sim⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sam³⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sieŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /niŋ⁵⁴/
    /t͡siŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /tiam³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /tiam²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial () (9)
    Final () (154)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter trjem
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʈˠiᴇm/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʈᵚiɛm/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ȶiæm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʈjiam/
    Li
    Rong
    /ȶjɛm/
    Wang
    Li
    /ȶĭɛm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ȶi̯ɛm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zhān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zim1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    zhān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ trjem ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[t]rem/
    English moisten

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 16702
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tem/

    Definitions

    1. abundant; overflowing; brimming
    2. to soak; to moisten
    3. to share in (a benefit); to benefit through association
    4. to influence; to edify
    5. to be stained with; to be contaminated by
      鞋子泥巴 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Wǒ de xiézi zhān dào níbā le. [Pinyin]
      My shoes are stained with mud.
    6. to touch; to come into contact with
    7. (dialectal) to be good; to be okay
    Synonyms
    • (to benefit):
    • (to touch):

    Compounds

    • 一沾
    • 不沾
    • 利益均沾
    • 均沾 (jūnzhān)
    • 得沾化雨
    • 惹草沾花
    • 惹草沾風惹草沾风
    • 汗出沾背
    • 沐露沾霜
    • 泣下沾襟
    • 沾丐
    • 沾乾沾干
    • 沾便宜
    • 沾光 (zhānguāng)
    • 沾包
    • 沾化 (Zhānhuà)
    • 沾卹
    • 沾寒
    • 沾巾
    • 沾帶沾带
    • 沾惹
    • 沾戀沾恋
    • 沾手 (zhānshǒu)
    • 沾扯
    • 沾接
    • 沾染 (zhānrǎn)
    • 沾汙沾污
    • 沾沾
    • 沾泣
    • 沾泥帶水沾泥带水
    • 沾泥絮
    • 沾沾自喜 (zhānzhānzìxǐ)
    • 沾沾自好
    • 沾沾自滿沾沾自满
    • 沾沾自衒
    • 沾沾自足
    • 沾洿
    • 沾洽
    • 沾浹沾浃
    • 沾浥
    • 沾渥
    • 沾溉
    • 沾漉
    • 沾滯沾滞
    • 沾漸沾渐
    • 沾潤沾润
    • 沾濟沾济
    • 沾濕沾湿 (zhānshī)
    • 沾濡
    • 沾灑沾洒
    • 沾牙
    • 沾病
    • 沾礙沾碍
    • 沾粘
    • 沾纓沾缨
    • 沾脣沾唇
    • 沾臆
    • 沾膺
    • 沾花惹草
    • 沾衣
    • 沾衿
    • 沾袍
    • 沾被
    • 沾補沾补
    • 沾裳
    • 沾襟
    • 沾親沾亲
    • 沾親帶友沾亲带友
    • 沾親帶故沾亲带故
    • 沾親帶骨沾亲带骨
    • 沾親挂拐
    • 沾識沾识
    • 沾賚沾赉
    • 沾賞沾赏
    • 沾足
    • 沾辱
    • 沾連沾连
    • 沾逮
    • 沾邊沾边 (zhānbiān)
    • 沾醉 (zhānzuì)
    • 沾錫沾锡
    • 沾霈
    • 沾風惹草沾风惹草
    • 沾黏
    • 滴水不沾
    • 滴水未沾
    • 滴酒不沾 (dījiǔbùzhān)
    • 禪絮沾泥禅絮沾泥
    • 脅不沾席胁不沾席
    • 腳不沾地脚不沾地
    • 迷花沾草
    • 雨沾雲惹雨沾云惹

    Pronunciation



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial () (9)
    Final () (154)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter trjem
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ʈˠiᴇm/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ʈᵚiɛm/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ȶiæm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ʈjiam/
    Li
    Rong
    /ȶjɛm/
    Wang
    Li
    /ȶĭɛm/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ȶi̯ɛm/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    zhān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zim1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 16702
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tem/

    Definitions

    1. () an ancient river that flows from Huguan County, Shanxi into the Qi () River in Henan, China

    Pronunciation



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial () (6)
    Final () (157)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter them
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /tʰem/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /tʰem/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /tʰɛm/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /tʰɛm/
    Li
    Rong
    /tʰem/
    Wang
    Li
    /tʰiem/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /tʰiem/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    tiān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    tim1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 16728
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tʰeːm/

    Definitions

    1. Alternative form of (tiān, to increase)
    2. thin

    Pronunciation



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial () (5)
    Final () (157)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () IV
    Fanqie
    Baxter temH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /temH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /temH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /tɛmH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /tɛmH/
    Li
    Rong
    /temH/
    Wang
    Li
    /tiemH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /tiemH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    diàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    dim3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 16725
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*teːms/

    Definitions

    1. () an ancient river flowing from Xiyang County, Shanxi into Ye () River in Hebei
    2. () (historical) a county in the Han dynasty southwest of Xiyang County

    Etymology 5

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
    (This character is a variant form of ).

    Etymology 6

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to dip in; to submerge in; to dip in; etc.”).
    (This character is the second-round simplified form of ).
    Notes:

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

    • On (unclassified): てん (ten)
    • Kun: うるおう (uruō)

    Compounds

    Korean

    Etymology 1

    From Middle Chinese (MC trjem).

    Hanja

    Wikisource (eumhun 시다 (sida cheom))

    1. Hanja form? of (to soak; to moisten).
    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    From Middle Chinese (MC them).

    Hanja

    (eumhun 더할 (deohal cheom))

    1. Alternative form of (Hanja form? of (to append; to increase).)

    Hanja

    (eumhun 경망할 (gyeongmanghal cheop))

    1. Hanja form? of (frivolous; discourteous; smug).
    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Nôm readings: chăm, trèm, triêm, chem, thêm

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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