See also:
U+5403, 吃
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5403

[U+5402]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5404]

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 30, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口人弓 (RON), four-corner 68017, composition )

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 174, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3280
  • Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 579, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5403

Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声 (xíngshēng)): semantic (kǒu) + phonetic (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Etymology 1

trad. /
simp.
alternative forms (jaak3) Cantonese

Pronunciation


Note: jaak3 - colloquial.
Note: Often written as .

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃʰz̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
/t͡ɕʰia²¹/ ~虧
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəʔ²/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
/t͡ɕʰia²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɛk̚³/
Nanning /hɛk̚³³/
/hɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɛk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
/i⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋiak̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xit̚⁵/

Definitions

  1. to eat; to consume
    喜歡喜欢   Tā hěn xǐhuān chīfàn.   He loves to eat.
       chīfàn le ma?   Have you eaten? (also a greeting)
       chī guò fàn ma?   Have you eaten? (also a greeting)
    𠲎 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    𠲎 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    6non 6ve 7chiq-ku-leq-vaq [Wugniu]
    Have you eaten? (also a greeting)
    • 果果 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
      From: 《排排坐》, traditional children's song
      paai4 paai4 co5, hek3 gwo2 gwo2. [Jyutping]
      Let's sit together and eat fruits.
    [Cantonese]   jaak3 si2 laa1 nei5! [Jyutping]   Eat shit!
  2. to live on
  3. to suffer; to endure; to bear
       chī   to endure hardship
       chīkuī   to suffer losses, to be at a disadvantage
    胸口 [MSC, trad.]
    胸口 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā xiōngkǒu chī le yī qiāng. [Pinyin]
    He took a bullet in the chest.
  4. to exhaust; to be a strain
    Chrome內存Chrome内存   Chrome chī nèicún.   Chrome is a memory hog.
  5. to drink
  6. (board games) to capture
  7. (mahjong) to chow
  8. to accept
Usage notes
  • In Cantonese, (sik6) is the most common term for "eating" and (jaak3) is considered less polite than the former.
  • When playing mahjong, a player may say this word as a call when forming a chow on another player's discard.
Synonyms
  • (to drink):
  • (to capture):
  • (to chow):
Descendants
  • Wutunhua: qe
  • Japanese: (チー) (chī)

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation


Note: 4keq - primarily in suburbs and dated urban pronunciation.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kj+t
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɨt̚/
Li
Rong
/kiət̚/
Wang
Li
/kĭət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gat1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10080
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kɯd/

Definitions

  1. to stammer; to stutter; to falter
       kǒuchī   to stammer, to stutter

Compounds

  • 口吃 (kǒuchī)
  • 吃口令
  • 吃子
  • 蹇吃
  • 鄧艾吃邓艾吃

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Only used in 吃吃 (qīqī).

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
きつ
Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese (MC kj+t).

Affix

(きつ) • (kitsu) 

  1. stammering, stuttering
  2. accepting, complying
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
チー
Hyōgaiji
irregular

From Mandarin (chī, literally to eat).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

(チー) • (chī) 

  1. (mahjong) a call for an open 順子 (shuntsu, sequence of three suited tiles), compare English chow
Coordinate terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
ままなき
Hyōgaiji
irregular

Possibly a compound of (mama, remaining at a certain state) + 泣き (naki, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 泣く (naku), “to cry). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

(ままなき) • (mamanaki) 

  1. stammering, stuttering
  2. a stutterer
Synonyms

References

  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eum (heul))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: khật, hấc, hất, hớt, ngát, ngặt, ngật, ực, cật

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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