念

念 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 8033₂, composition ⿱今心)

• 㑫, 唸, 埝, 惗, 捻, 棯, 淰, 焾, 䂼, 䄒, 稔, 腍, 艌, 諗(谂), 踗, 錜(𫓻), 䧔, 䭃(𩠈), 騐, 鯰(鲶), 趝, 敜, 菍, 𪞤, 𭃮, 𫱁, 𡹓, 𪯺, 𪺥, 𤚋, 𤦬, 𤽿, 𬑛, 𥍵, 𥺴, 𦁤, 𫫞, 𬠖, 𧛋, 𨡎, 𩋏, 𩐭, 𪌿(𬹌), 𪑡, 𭝌, 𪪆, 𪳋, 𮞤, 𫾿, 𣣈, 𪫶, 𭝯, 𢈸, 𢚏, 𥮘, 𩭮, 𢞘, 𨡣

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 378, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
• Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2274, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5FF5
• Unihan data for U+F9A3

Historical forms of the character 念
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nɯːms) : phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Alternatively: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 今 + 心 (see: 張富海：《利用諧聲構擬上古音應該註意的幾個問題》，《出土文獻》，2021年第1期，頁134。)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ (nyam), ཉམས (nyams, “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ (snyam, “to think, to feel”) (Quan, 1996). Related to 恁 (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).

Schuessler (2007) notes it may be an area word; compare Khmer ចំណាំ (cɑmnam, “memory; recollection”), Proto-Austronesian *nemnem (“to think”).

念

1. to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall
2. to consider; to contemplate
3. Alternative form of 廿 (niàn, “twenty”)
4. to worry; to be anxious about
5. to feel compassion for; to pity
6. to show tender affection for
7. to commemorate; to memorialise; to pay tribute to
8. idea; thought
9. to nag
10. (Buddhism) memory
11. a surname

• (to miss):

• (to consider):

• (idea):

念

1. to read aloud; to chant; to recite
   • 2022 October 16, “69歲習近平20大政治報告 未讀全文省略1小時”, in Central News Agency‎, archived from the original on 16 October 2022‎:

     除了報告內容外，今年外界關注，已69歲的習近平是否會比照5年前的19大朗讀報告全文。19大的政治報告總共3萬2000多字，當時習近平以近3個小時唸完全文。

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. to study (at a school); to learn
3. (Taiwan) to nag

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01318
• “念”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)^{←ねん (nen, historical)←ねむ (nemu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: でん (den)^{←でん (den, historical)←でむ (demu, ancient)}
• Kun: おもう (omou, 念う)^{←おもふ (omofu, 念ふ, historical)}

念(ねん) • (nen) 

1. sense
2. feeling

• 念仏(ねんぶつ) (nenbutsu)
• 四念処(しねんじょ) (shinenjo): Maha SatiPatthana
• 理念(りねん) (rinen):

念 (eumhun 생각 념 (saenggak nyeom), South Korea 생각 염 (saenggak yeom))

1. Hanja form^? of 념/염 (“thought”).

• 이념 (理念, inyeom, “ideology”)

念: Hán Nôm readings: niệm, niềm, núm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.