See also:
U+4ECA, 今
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4ECA

[U+4EC9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4ECB]

Translingual

Stroke order
Mainland China
Stroke order
All regions except mainland China

Alternative forms

  • In all regions except mainland China, the stroke between 𠆢 and for (and its derived characters) is written with a horizontal line.
  • In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing standardized form), the stroke between 𠆢 and for (and its derived characters) is written with a slanting dot instead.
  • In the historical Kangxi dictionary, the component below 𠆢 is written followed by 𠃍 instead.

Han character

(Kangxi radical 9, +2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓 (OIN) or 人一弓 (OMN), four-corner 80207, composition (G) or (HTJKV))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 358
  • Dae Jaweon: page 194, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 105, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4ECA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事) – An inverted (yuē) ("to speak"), so the inverted one means "not to speak". Another theory suggests that it depicts something in the mouth. Maybe the original form of (OC *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms) or (OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms). The derivative (OC *ɡɯːm) refers to the original word.

Etymology 1

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𫢉
⿱𠆢𬼽
𱎜

Etymology not clear. The word's root may be (OC *ɡɯ, “this”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kin - vernacular;
  • kim - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter kim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kjim/
Li
Rong
/kjəm/
Wang
Li
/kĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jīn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gam1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jīn
Middle
Chinese
‹ kim ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]r[ə]m/
English now

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6599
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*krɯm/
Notes

Definitions

  1. now; at present; current
       jīntiān   the current day; today
    以後以后   cóngjīnyǐhòu   from now onwards.
    Synonym: 現在现在
  2. modern times
    古往古往   gǔwǎngjīnlái   from ancient to modern times.
    Synonym: 現代现代 (xiàndài)
    Antonym:
  3. this
       jīn xià   this summer
    [Cantonese]   gam1 ci3 [Jyutping]   this time
    Synonyms: (),
  4. (literary) thus; promptly
    Synonyms: , 立刻 (lìkè)
  5. (literary) if
    Synonyms: , 假如 (jiǎrú)
  6. a surname
Synonyms

Compounds

  • 不今不古
  • 乃今 (nǎijīn)
  • 事到如今 (shìdàorújīn)
  • 于今 (yújīn)
  • 于今為烈
  • 亙古亙今亘古亘今
  • 今上 (jīnshàng)
  • 今下 (jīnxià)
  • 今上官家
  • 今不如昔 (jīnbùrúxī)
  • 今且
  • 今世 (jīnshì)
  • 今世說今世说
  • 今人 (jīnrén)
  • 今代
  • 今來今来
  • 今來古往今来古往
  • 今個今个 (jīngè)
  • 今兒今儿 (jīnr)
  • 今兒個今儿个 (jīnrgè)
  • 今典
  • 今分
  • 今古 (jīngǔ)
  • 今古奇觀今古奇观
  • 今古學派今古学派
  • 今回
  • 今士
  • 今夕 (jīnxī)
  • 今夕何夕
  • 今夜 (jīnyè)
  • 今夫 (jīnfú)
  • 今天
  • 今字 (jīnzì)
  • 今學今学
  • 今宵 (jīnxiāo)
  • 今年 (jīnnián)
  • 今律
  • 今後今后 (jīnhòu)
  • 今愁古恨
  • 今接輿今接舆
  • 今故
  • 今文 (jīnwén)
  • 今文學今文学
  • 今文家
  • 今文尚書今文尚书
  • 今文經今文经
  • 今文經學今文经学
  • 今日 (jīnrì)
  • 今日事,今日畢今日事,今日毕 (jīnrì shì, jīnrì bì)
  • 今日個今日个
  • 今日箇今日个
  • 今旦
  • 今早 (jīnzǎo)
  • 今昔 (jīnxī)
  • 今昔之感
  • 今是昔非
  • 今是昨非
  • 今時今时
  • 今晚 (jīnwǎn)
  • 今曏今向
  • 今月 (jīnyuè)
  • 今月古月
  • 今有術今有术
  • 今朝 (jīnzhāo)
  • 今本 (jīnběn)
  • 今樣今样
  • 今次 (jīncì)
  • 今歲今岁
  • 今段
  • 今王
  • 今生 (jīnshēng)
  • 今生今世 (jīnshēngjīnshì)
  • 今番 (jīnfān)
  • 今草
  • 今茲今兹 (jīnzī)
  • 今董狐
  • 今蚤
  • 今蟬蛻殼今蝉蜕壳
  • 今語今语
  • 今譯今译 (jīnyì)
  • 今隸今隶
  • 今雨
  • 今非昔比 (jīnfēixībǐ)
  • 今音 (jīnyīn)
  • 今韻今韵
  • 今體今体
  • 今體詩今体诗
  • 以古制今
  • 以古方今
  • 以古非今
  • 來今来今
  • 修今
  • 借古諷今借古讽今 (jiègǔfěngjīn)
  • 傍今
  • 傷今伤今
  • 傳譽古今传誉古今
  • 其今
  • 冠絕古今冠绝古今
  • 凡今
  • 博古知今
  • 博古通今 (bógǔtōngjīn)
  • 博覽古今博览古今
  • 即今 (jíjīn)
  • 厚今薄古
  • 厚古薄今 (hòugǔbójīn)
  • 去來今去来今
  • 及今
  • 只今 (zhǐjīn)
  • 古今 (gǔjīn)
  • 古今中外 (gǔjīnzhōngwài)
  • 古今兒古今儿
  • 古今小說古今小说
  • 古今少有
  • 古今注
  • 古今絕色古今绝色
  • 古往今來古往今来 (gǔwǎngjīnlái)
  • 古為今用古为今用
  • 古爲今用古为今用
  • 如今 (rújīn)
  • 如今晚兒如今晚儿
  • 尊古卑今
  • 居今稽古
  • 引古喻今
  • 引古證今引古证今
  • 往古來今往古来今
  • 從今从今 (cóngjīn)
  • 從今以後从今以后 (cóngjīn yǐhòu)
  • 從古至今从古至今
  • 感今思昔
  • 感今惟昔
  • 感今懷昔感今怀昔
  • 慕古薄今
  • 指古摘今
  • 援古刺今
  • 援古證今援古证今
  • 撫今思昔抚今思昔
  • 撫今悼昔抚今悼昔
  • 撫今痛昔抚今痛昔
  • 撫今追昔抚今追昔 (fǔjīnzhuīxī)
  • 攀今吊古
  • 攀今弔古攀今吊古
  • 攀今掉古
  • 攀今攬古攀今揽古
  • 攀今比昔
  • 攀今覽古攀今览古
  • 方今 (fāngjīn)
  • 於今于今 (yújīn)
  • 日今
  • 是今
  • 是古非今
  • 昨非今是 (zuófēijīnshì)
  • 時今时今
  • 暨今 (jìjīn)
  • 格古通今
  • 極古窮今极古穷今
  • 榮古虐今荣古虐今
  • 榮古陋今荣古陋今
  • 泥古非今
  • 洞鑒古今洞鉴古今
  • 演古勸今演古劝今
  • 為今之計为今之计
  • 現今现今 (xiànjīn)
  • 現如今现如今
  • 現而今现而今 (xiàn'érjīn)
  • 當今当今 (dāngjīn)
  • 當今無輩当今无辈
  • 目今 (mùjīn)
  • 知今博古
  • 知古今
  • 知古今兒知古今儿
  • 知往鑒今知往鉴今
  • 祗今
  • 秪今
  • 稽古振今
  • 稽古揆今
  • 空古絕今空古绝今
  • 競今疏古竞今疏古
  • 繼古開今继古开今
  • 而今 (érjīn)
  • 而今而後而今而后
  • 自今 (zìjīn)
  • 至今 (zhìjīn)
  • 舊雨今雨旧雨今雨
  • 茹古涵今
  • 行古志今
  • 見今见今
  • 見如今见如今
  • 訖今讫今
  • 說今道古说今道古
  • 說古談今说古谈今
  • 說古道今说古道今 (shuōgǔdàojīn)
  • 論今說古论今说古
  • 談今論古谈今论古
  • 談古說今谈古说今
  • 談古論今谈古论今
  • 講古論今讲古论今
  • 貫穿今古贯穿今古
  • 貴古賤今贵古贱今
  • 貽範古今贻范古今
  • 起今
  • 超今冠古
  • 超今絕古超今绝古
  • 超今越古
  • 超古冠今
  • 越古超今
  • 迄今 (qìjīn)
  • 近今
  • 迺今
  • 通今 (tōngjīn)
  • 通今博古
  • 通今達古通今达古
  • 通古博今
  • 透古通今
  • 邁古超今迈古超今
  • 酌古准今
  • 酌古參今酌古参今
  • 酌古御今
  • 酌古斟今
  • 酌古沿今
  • 酌古準今酌古准今
  • 鎔今鑄古镕今铸古
  • 鎔古鑄今镕古铸今
  • 鑑古推今鉴古推今
  • 鑠古切今铄古切今
  • 陳古刺今陈古刺今
  • 隆古賤今隆古贱今
  • 雕今
  • 震古鑠今震古铄今
  • 非昔是今
  • 頌古非今颂古非今 (sònggǔfēijīn)
  • 黑索今

Etymology 2

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms


Teochew

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. (Southern Min, Puxian Min) now
  2. (Southern Min) then; in that case
  3. (Taiwanese Hokkien) nowadays
Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. now; at present

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
いま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *ima.

Pronunciation

Adverb

(いま) • (ima) 

  1. now
  2. just now
  3. soon
    Synonyms: すぐ (sugu, soon), すぐに (sugu ni, immediately)

Noun

(いま) • (ima) 

  1. now; present
    (いま)()きる
    ima o ikiru
    live in the now
    (いま)はもうない。
    Ima wa mō nai.
    It does not exist any more. (lit. "now it is already none.")
  2. just now
    Synonym: さっき
    (いま)(こえ)
    ima no koe
    that voice just now
    なんだったんだろう、(いま)の。
    Nan datta n darō, ima no.
    What was that just now?

Synonyms

Derived terms

Prefix

(こん) • (kon-) 

  1. (temporal) this
    (こん)世紀(せいき)最大(さいだい)危機(きき)
    kon-seiki saidai no kiki
    greatest danger of this century
    (こん)シーズン
    kon-shīzun
    this season

Proper noun

(こん) • (Kon) 

  1. a surname

References

  1. ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC kim). Recorded as Middle Korean ⿱𠆢𬼽/ (kum) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 이제 (ije geum))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of (this).
  2. (literary) Hanja form? of (now; at present).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: kim[1][2][3], câm (()(ngâm)(thiết))[1][2]
: Nôm readings: kim[1][2][4][5], câm[1][2], căm[1], cầm[1], ngấm[1]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
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