境

境 U+5883, 境
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5883
← 墂
[U+5882] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 墄 →
[U+5884]

Translingual
Stroke order
14 strokes

Han character

境 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土卜廿山 (GYTU), four-corner 40116, composition ⿰土竟)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 237, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5409
  • Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 482, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5883

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 境
2nd round simp. 㘫

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 境
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
滰 *ɡaŋʔ
境 *kraŋʔ
竟 *kraŋs
鏡 *kraŋs
獍 *kraŋs
樈 *ɡraŋ
璄 *qraŋʔ
摬 *qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).

Etymology

An allofam of 疆 (OC *kaŋ, “boundary”). Cognate with 竟 (OC *kraŋs, “to end”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居影切
Baxter kjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kiajŋX/
Li
Rong		 /kiɐŋX/
Wang
Li		 /kĭɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ging2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjængX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]raŋʔ/
English boundary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
No. 6868
Phonetic
component		 竟
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 警
Old
Chinese		 /*kraŋʔ/

Definitions

境

  1. border; boundary; frontier
  2. place; area; region
  3. condition; situation

Compounds

Japanese
Shinjitai 境
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
境󠄂
境+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
境

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
境
きょう
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 境 (MC kjaengX).

Pronunciation

Noun

境(きょう) • (kyō) ←きやう (kyau)?

  1. region, environment
  2. mental state
  3. (Buddhism) something that can be perceived with the mind or senses

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
境
さかい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
界 (less common)

/sakapi/ → /sakaɸi/ → /sakahi/ → /sakai/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of obsolete verb 境う (sakau, “to divide, to form a boundary between things”).[4][3]

Some sources[4] further derive the verb as Old Japanese element 境 (saka, “division, border, boundary”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu) indicating repetition or ongoing state. However, given the semantics, this could also be analyzed as the repetitive or ongoing aspect of Old Japanese-derived verb saku with an underlying meaning of “to split apart, to separate, to put distance between”, spelled variously as 割く, 裂く, 離く, or 放く, and cognate with 咲く (saku, “to bloom”, from the idea of the blooms splitting open), 栄える (sakaeru, “to prosper”, extended from the bloom sense), 盛ん (sakan, “prospering, fluorishing”).

Pronunciation

Noun

境(さかい) • (sakai) ←さかひ (sakafi)?

  1. border, boundary, limits
Derived terms

Proper noun

境(さかい) • (Sakai) ←さかひ (sakafi)?

  1. a surname

References
  1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 548 (paper), page 324 (digital)
  2. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 352 (paper), page 189 (digital)
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 境 (MC kjaengX). Recorded as Middle Korean 겨ᇰ〯 (kyěng) (Yale: kyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 境 (eumhun 지경 경 (jigyeong gyeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 경 (“border; boundary; frontier”).
  2. Hanja form? of 경 (“place; area; region”).
  3. Hanja form? of 경 (“condition; situation”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

境: Hán Nôm readings: cảnh

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