鏡

鏡 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 8011₆, composition ⿰釒竟)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
• Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4250, character 10
• Unihan data for U+93E1

Historical forms of the character 鏡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).

Probably cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”), 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Gong (2019) identifies the unknown preinitial *C in the reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014) with *s based on evidence from Old Vietnamese, and further posits that it is an instrumental noun derived by prefixation of *s- to the verb 映 (OC *qraŋs, “to reflect”), which is itself a denominal derived from 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow; image”).

Alternatively, it may be derived from 亮 (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p.c.).

STEDT compares 鏡, 景 and 亮, among others, to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).

This word is relatively late and is perhaps re-etymologized from the nearly identical earlier word 監 (OC *kraːms), 鑑 (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007), which Wang (1982) treats as cognate. Gong (2019) considers 鏡 to be an unrelated neologism replacing 鑑.

鏡

1. (now in compounds or dialectal) mirror; reflecting glass (Classifier: 塊／块 c)

   鏡子／镜子  ―  jìngzi  ―  mirror

   銅鏡／铜镜  ―  tóngjìng  ―  bronze mirror

   穿衣鏡／穿衣镜  ―  chuānyījìng  ―  dressing mirror

2. (physics, in compounds) lens; -scope

   稜鏡／棱镜  ―  léngjìng  ―  prism

   凸透鏡／凸透镜  ―  tūtòujìng  ―  convex lens

3. (in compounds) spectacles; glasses

   太陽鏡／太阳镜  ―  tàiyángjìng  ―  sunglasses

   護目鏡／护目镜  ―  hùmùjìng  ―  goggles

4. (Cantonese) Short for 鏡頭／镜头 (jìngtóu, “camera lens”). (Classifier: 支 c)
5. ^† to mirror; to reflect
6. ^† to perceive; to observe clearly
7. ^† to use for reference; to draw lessons from
8. ^† clear
9. a surname

Others:

• → Vietnamese: gương
• → Zhuang: gingq

• “鏡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: けい (kei)
• Kun: かがみ (kagami, 鏡, Jōyō); かんがみる (kangamiru, 鏡みる)
• Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); かがみ (kagami); かね (kane); とし (toshi); み (mi)

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, ancient combining form of 影 (kage), “shadow; outline; figure; image”) +‎ 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る (miru), “to see, to look at”).[3][4]

• (Tokyo) かがみ​ [kàgámíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[4]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠mʲi]

• Audio

  (file)

鏡(かがみ) • (kagami) 

1. a mirror (smooth reflecting surface)
   • 1999 March 6, “ミラージュ [Mirage]”, in Starter Box(スターターボックス), Konami:

     手(て)にする鏡(かがみ)から仲(なか)間(ま)を呼(よ)び出(だ)すことのできる鳥(とり)のけもの。

     Te ni suru kagami kara nakama o yobidasu koto no dekiru tori no kemono.

     An avian beast that can call upon its companions from inside the mirror in its hands.

   • 1999 July 22, “アブソリューター [Absolutor]”, in Vol.4, Konami:

     相(あい)手(て)を鏡(かがみ)の中(なか)の世(せ)界(かい)に吸(す)い込(こ)むことができる。

     Aite o kagami no naka no sekai ni suikomu koto ga dekiru.

     It can suck opponents into the world inside the mirror.

2. Short for 鏡餅 (kagami mochi): a set of mochi rice cakes used in New Year celebrations
3. Short for 鏡物 (kagamimono): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
4. (theater) Short for 鏡板 (kagami ita): the panel at the back of a noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree
5. the barrelhead or lid of a sake barrel

   昨日(きのう)、鏡(かがみ)を抜(ぬ)いた。

   Kinō, kagami o nuita.

   They removed the barrelhead yesterday. → They opened the saké barrel yesterday.

6. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

鏡(かがみ) • (Kagami) 

1. a placename
2. a surname
3. a female given name

/kjau/ → /kjɔː/ → /kjoː/

From Middle Chinese 鏡 (MC kjaengH).

• IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

鏡(きょう) • (kyō) ^{←きやう (kyau)?}

1. mirror
2. speculum
3. pattern, model, example

鏡(きょう) • (Kyō) ^{←きやう (kyau)?}

1. a female given name
2. a surname

鏡 (eumhun 거울 경 (geoul gyeong))

1. Hanja form^? of 경 (“mirror, lens”).
2. Hanja form^? of 경 (“glass, glasses”).

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Cognate with Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”).

鏡(はがみ) (hagami) 

1. a mirror

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

• On (unclassified): ちょー (chō)
• Kun: かがん (kagan)

• 眼(がん)鏡(ちょー) (ganchō)

Cognate with mainland Japanese 鏡 (kagami) and Kagoshima dialect 鏡 (kagan).

• (Shuri-Naha) かがん [kàgán] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [kaɡaɴ]

鏡(かがん) (kagan) 

1. a mirror

• 鏡(かがん)囃(ふぇー)さー (kagan fēsā)
• 合(あー)し鏡(かがん) (āshikagan)
• 眼(みー)鏡(かがん) (mīkagan)

Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, combining form of 影 (kage₂), “shadow; outline; figure; image”) +‎ 見 (mi₁, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る (mi₁ru), “to see, to look at”).[1][2]

鏡 (kagami₁) (kana かがみ)

1. a mirror
   • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 90; also Man'yōshū, book 13, poem 3263:

     ...伊久比爾波加賀美袁加氣麻久比爾波麻多麻袁加氣...

     ...ikupi₁ ni pa kagami₁ wo kake₂ ma-kupi₁ ni pa ma-tama wo kake₂...

     On the sacred stake a mirror is suspended; on the splendid stake splendid jewels are suspended.[3]

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3468:
     ,[4] text here

     夜麻杼里乃乎呂能波都乎爾可賀美可家刀奈布倍美許曾奈爾与曾利鷄米

     yamado₂ri no₂ woro₂ no₂ patuwo ni kagami₁ kake₁ to₁nau be₂mi₁ ko₂so₂ na ni yo₂serike₁me₂

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

• Japanese: 鏡 (kagami)

鏡: Hán Nôm readings: kính, kẻng, gương, kiếng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Cognate with Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”).

• IPA^(key): /kaŋaŋ̍/

鏡(かか゚ん) (ka'ngan) 

1. a mirror