saka

See also: Saka, Sáka, sāka, šaka, şaka, säkä, and šaką

Acehnese

Etymology

Likely borrowed from Khmer ស្ករ (skɑɑ, sugar).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saka/

Noun

saka

  1. sugar

Balinese

Romanization

saka

  1. Romanization of ᬲᬓ
  2. Romanization of ᬰᬓ
  3. Romanization of ᬰᬵᬓᬵ

Bikol Central

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saká (and, also).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saˈka/, [saˈka]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Conjunction

saká (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. (Naga) and
    Synonyms: asin, buda, at, sagkod, nan, pagkan

Interjection

saká (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. (Naga) so what?
    Synonym: ano kaiyan

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *sáka (leg of a fowl).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsaka/, [ˈsa.ka]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Noun

sáka (Basahan spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. (rare) cockspur
    Synonym: bulang
Derived terms
  • magsaka
  • sakahon

Cebuano

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Philippine *saka. Compare Aklanon saka'.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saˈka/, [s̪ʌˈka]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Verb

saká (Badlit spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. to climb
    Synonym: katkat

Derived terms

Esperanto

Adjective

saka (accusative singular sakan, plural sakaj, accusative plural sakajn)

  1. baglike

Faroese

Noun

saka

  1. indefinite genitive plural of sak

Finnish

Etymology

From Persian ساکا (sâkâ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑkɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ̝kɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑkɑ
  • Syllabification(key): sa‧ka

Noun

saka

  1. Saka (person)
  2. Saka (language)

Declension

Inflection of saka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative saka sakat
genitive sakan sakojen
partitive sakaa sakoja
illative sakaan sakoihin
singular plural
nominative saka sakat
accusative nom. saka sakat
gen. sakan
genitive sakan sakojen
sakainrare
partitive sakaa sakoja
inessive sakassa sakoissa
elative sakasta sakoista
illative sakaan sakoihin
adessive sakalla sakoilla
ablative sakalta sakoilta
allative sakalle sakoille
essive sakana sakoina
translative sakaksi sakoiksi
abessive sakatta sakoitta
instructive sakoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of saka (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative sakani sakani
accusative nom. sakani sakani
gen. sakani
genitive sakani sakojeni
sakainirare
partitive sakaani sakojani
inessive sakassani sakoissani
elative sakastani sakoistani
illative sakaani sakoihini
adessive sakallani sakoillani
ablative sakaltani sakoiltani
allative sakalleni sakoilleni
essive sakanani sakoinani
translative sakakseni sakoikseni
abessive sakattani sakoittani
instructive
comitative sakoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative sakasi sakasi
accusative nom. sakasi sakasi
gen. sakasi
genitive sakasi sakojesi
sakaisirare
partitive sakaasi sakojasi
inessive sakassasi sakoissasi
elative sakastasi sakoistasi
illative sakaasi sakoihisi
adessive sakallasi sakoillasi
ablative sakaltasi sakoiltasi
allative sakallesi sakoillesi
essive sakanasi sakoinasi
translative sakaksesi sakoiksesi
abessive sakattasi sakoittasi
instructive
comitative sakoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative sakamme sakamme
accusative nom. sakamme sakamme
gen. sakamme
genitive sakamme sakojemme
sakaimmerare
partitive sakaamme sakojamme
inessive sakassamme sakoissamme
elative sakastamme sakoistamme
illative sakaamme sakoihimme
adessive sakallamme sakoillamme
ablative sakaltamme sakoiltamme
allative sakallemme sakoillemme
essive sakanamme sakoinamme
translative sakaksemme sakoiksemme
abessive sakattamme sakoittamme
instructive
comitative sakoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative sakanne sakanne
accusative nom. sakanne sakanne
gen. sakanne
genitive sakanne sakojenne
sakainnerare
partitive sakaanne sakojanne
inessive sakassanne sakoissanne
elative sakastanne sakoistanne
illative sakaanne sakoihinne
adessive sakallanne sakoillanne
ablative sakaltanne sakoiltanne
allative sakallenne sakoillenne
essive sakananne sakoinanne
translative sakaksenne sakoiksenne
abessive sakattanne sakoittanne
instructive
comitative sakoinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative sakansa sakansa
accusative nom. sakansa sakansa
gen. sakansa
genitive sakansa sakojensa
sakainsarare
partitive sakaansa sakojaan
sakojansa
inessive sakassaan
sakassansa
sakoissaan
sakoissansa
elative sakastaan
sakastansa
sakoistaan
sakoistansa
illative sakaansa sakoihinsa
adessive sakallaan
sakallansa
sakoillaan
sakoillansa
ablative sakaltaan
sakaltansa
sakoiltaan
sakoiltansa
allative sakalleen
sakallensa
sakoilleen
sakoillensa
essive sakanaan
sakanansa
sakoinaan
sakoinansa
translative sakakseen
sakaksensa
sakoikseen
sakoiksensa
abessive sakattaan
sakattansa
sakoittaan
sakoittansa
instructive
comitative sakoineen
sakoinensa

Anagrams

Garo

Etymology

Related to sakao (above, on top)

Noun

saka

  1. upland, upper place

Icelandic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsaːka/
  • Rhymes: -aːka

Etymology 1

From Old Norse saka, from Proto-Germanic *sakaną.

Verb

saka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative sakaði, supine sakað)

  1. (transitive) to accuse
    Synonyms: ásaka, ákæra, klaga, kæra
  2. (impersonal) to hurt, to injure, to damage
Conjugation

Noun

saka

  1. indefinite genitive plural of sök

Anagrams

Indonesian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈsa.ka]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Etymology 1

From Malay saka, from Pali saka (name of a tree (Tectona grandis)), from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, branch, door post).

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka, first-person possessive sakaku, second-person possessive sakamu, third-person possessive sakanya)

  1. house pole.
Compounds
  • saka guru
  • saka tatal

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka, first-person possessive sakaku, second-person possessive sakamu, third-person possessive sakanya)

  1. (clipping) Alternative spelling of pusaka (heirloom, inheritance).

Etymology 3

From Minangkabau [Term?], probably from Sanskrit सखा (sakhā), सखि (sakhi, friend, assistant, brother-in-law), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sákʰā, from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷH- (friend, companion), from *sekʷ- (follow). Doublet of saki.

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka, first-person possessive sakaku, second-person possessive sakamu, third-person possessive sakanya)

  1. maternal family.
  2. the customary rank of the people who are hereditary.

Compounds

  • saka baka

Etymology 4

From Minangkabau [Term?], from Persian شکر (šakar), from Sanskrit शर्कर (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂. Doublet of sakar (sugar).

Noun

saka (plural saka-saka, first-person possessive sakaku, second-person possessive sakamu, third-person possessive sakanya)

  1. cane sugar.
    Hypernym: gula

Further reading

Jamamadí

Verb

saka

  1. (Banawá) to jab, pierce

References

Japanese

Romanization

saka

  1. Rōmaji transcription of さか

Javanese

Romanization

saka

  1. Romanization of ꦱꦏ

Latvian

Verb

saka

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of sacīt
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of sacīt
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of sacīt

Malagasy

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Noun

saka

  1. cat, Felis silvestris catus
    Synonym: piso

Mansaka

Etymology

Akin to Aklanon saka'.

Verb

saka

  1. to climb

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

saka m or f

  1. definite feminine singular of sak

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑːkɑ/

Noun

saka f

  1. definite singular of sak

Etymology 2

From Old Norse sakaðr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /²sɑːkɑ/

Adjective

saka (singular and plural saka, comparative meir saka, superlative mest saka)

  1. (archaic) guilty
Synonyms
Antonyms

References

Old Javanese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, a door-post, literally branch).

Noun

saka

  1. post (pillar)
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Javanese: ꦱꦏ (saka, pillar)
  • Balinese: ᬲᬓ (saka, post, pillar, column)

Etymology 2

Compare Proto-Philippine *saká (and, also).

Preposition

saka

  1. from
  2. than
Derived terms
  • saka-saka
  • sake hiriṅ
  • sinake-hiriṅakĕn
Descendants

Adverb

saka

  1. each
Descendants
  • Balinese: ᬲᬓ (saka, each)

Further reading

  • "saka" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *sakōną.

Verb

saka (singular past indicative sakaða, plural past indicative sǫkuðu, past participle sakaðr)

  1. to do harm, to scathe
    1. (impersonal, with accusative)
      hvat sem at var gǫrt, sakaði hann ekki
      no matter what they did, no harm came to him.
  2. to blame, find fault with
Conjugation
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Icelandic: saka
  • Norwegian:
    Norwegian Bokmål: sake
    Norwegian Nynorsk: saka, sake

References

  • saka in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
  • saka”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

saka

  1. genitive plural of sǫk

Ometepec Nahuatl

Noun

saka

  1. zacate, grass

Pali

Alternative forms

Adjective

saka

  1. one's own

Declension

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “saka”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese sacar and Spanish sacar.

Verb

saka

  1. to vomit

Swahili

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Verb

-saka (infinitive kusaka)

  1. to chase, to hunt down, to track down, to search for

Conjugation

Conjugation of -saka
Positive present -nasaka
Subjunctive -sake
Negative -saki
Imperative singular saka
Infinitives
Positive kusaka
Negative kutosaka
Imperatives
Singular saka
Plural sakeni
Tensed forms
Habitual husaka
Positive past positive subject concord + -lisaka
Negative past negative subject concord + -kusaka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasaka)
Singular Plural
1st person ninasaka/nasaka tunasaka
2nd person unasaka mnasaka
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasaka wanasaka
other classes positive subject concord + -nasaka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -saki)
Singular Plural
1st person sisaki hatusaki
2nd person husaki hamsaki
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasaki hawasaki
other classes negative subject concord + -saki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasaka
Negative future negative subject concord + -tasaka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -sake)
Singular Plural
1st person nisake tusake
2nd person usake msake
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asake wasake
other classes positive subject concord + -sake
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisake
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesaka
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesaka
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisaka
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisaka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asaka)
Singular Plural
1st person nasaka twasaka
2nd person wasaka mwasaka
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asaka wasaka
m-mi(III/IV) wasaka yasaka
ji-ma(V/VI) lasaka yasaka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasaka vyasaka
n(IX/X) yasaka zasaka
u(XI) wasaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwasaka
pa(XVI) pasaka
mu(XVIII) mwasaka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesaka
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshasaka
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasaka
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kisaka
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposaka
Consecutive kasaka / positive subject concord + -kasaka
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasake
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nisaka -tusaka
2nd person -kusaka -wasaka/-kusakeni/-wasakeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msaka -wasaka
m-mi(III/IV) -usaka -isaka
ji-ma(V/VI) -lisaka -yasaka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisaka -visaka
n(IX/X) -isaka -zisaka
u(XI) -usaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kusaka
pa(XVI) -pasaka
mu(XVIII) -musaka
Reflexive -jisaka
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -saka- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -sakaye -sakao
m-mi(III/IV) -sakao -sakayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -sakalo -sakayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -sakacho -sakavyo
n(IX/X) -sakayo -sakazo
u(XI) -sakao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -sakako
pa(XVI) -sakapo
mu(XVIII) -sakamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -saka)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yesaka -osaka
m-mi(III/IV) -osaka -yosaka
ji-ma(V/VI) -losaka -yosaka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosaka -vyosaka
n(IX/X) -yosaka -zosaka
u(XI) -osaka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kosaka
pa(XVI) -posaka
mu(XVIII) -mosaka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

  • Nominal derivations:
    • msako (chase, hunt, search)

Swedish

Verb

saka (present sakar, preterite sakade, supine sakat, imperative saka)

  1. (card games) to play an arbitrary (useless) card instead of one in the correct suit, when one is obliged but unable to follow suit

Conjugation

Anagrams

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saˈkaʔ/, [sɐˈxaʔ]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Conjunction

sakâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. and
    Synonyms: at, at saka, 'tsaka

Adverb

sakâ (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. then; and then; afterwards
  2. besides; moreover
    Synonym: bukod sa
  3. at another time
    Synonym: saka na
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly from the following:

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsaka/, [ˈsa.xɐ]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Noun

saka (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. farming; cultivation of a piece of land
    Synonyms: pagsasaka, agrikultura, pagbubukid, paglilinang
  2. farmland
    Synonyms: linang, taniman
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Spanish sacar.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saˈka/, [sɐˈxa]
  • Hyphenation: sa‧ka

Noun

saká (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜃ)

  1. copying; tracing (of a drawing, figure, or design)
    Synonyms: kopya, pagkopya
  2. acquisition of goods by consignment
  3. importation (of goods)
    Synonyms: angkat, pag-angkat
Derived terms

Further reading

  • saka”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 294

Ternate

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsa.ka/

Verb

saka

  1. (transitive) to thrust
Conjugation
Conjugation of saka
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st tosaka fosaka misaka
2nd nosaka nisaka
3rd Masculine osaka isaka, yosaka
Feminine mosaka
Neuter isaka
- archaic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsa.ka/

Verb

saka

  1. (stative) to be almost bearing fruit
Conjugation
Conjugation of saka
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st tosaka fosaka misaka
2nd nosaka nisaka
3rd Masculine osaka isaka, yosaka
Feminine mosaka
Neuter isaka
- archaic

References

  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Turkish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [saka]

Noun

saka (definite accusative sakayı, plural sakalar)

  1. European goldfinch, Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative saka
Definite accusative sakayı
Singular Plural
Nominative saka sakalar
Definite accusative sakayı sakaları
Dative sakaya sakalara
Locative sakada sakalarda
Ablative sakadan sakalardan
Genitive sakanın sakaların

Waray-Waray

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sakay, compare Tetum sa'e.

Verb

saka

  1. to ascend, to go up
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