ya-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ya"

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Northern Ohlone

Etymology

Compare Southern Ohlone haysa.

Pronoun

ya-

  1. they(third-person, plural, subject proclitic pronoun)

Pronoun

ya-

  1. their (third-person, plural, possessive pronoun)

See also
Northern Ohlone personal pronouns
Number Person Subject Object Possesive
Disjunctive1 Proclitic
 Enclitic Disjunctive1 Proclitic Enclitic
Singular First kaana ek- -ek, -k kiš, kaaniš kiš- -kiš ek-, kaanak
Second meene em-, im- -em, -im, -m miš emiš-, imiš-, miš- -miš em-, meenem
Third waaka Ø-2 -Ø2 wiš Ø-2, eš- -Ø2, -eš i-, waakai-
Plural First makkin mak- -mak makkiš, makkinše — — mak-, makkinmak
Second makkam kam- -kam makkamše — — kam-, makkam
Third waakamak ya- -ya yaṭiš — — ya-, waakamak
1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek).
2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used.
Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle +‎ -eš +‎ -ek

References

María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎, Unpublished

Southern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Swahili

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gá-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. it, they; ma class(VI) subject concord
  2. verb-initial form of -ya- (“them, ma class(VI) object concord”)
See also
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
Class Subject concord Object concord Relative
affirmative negative
m(I) a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- -ye
wa(II) wa- hawa- -wa- -o
m(III) u- hau- -u- -o
mi(IV) i- hai- -i- -yo
ji(V) li- hali- -li- -lo
ma(VI) ya- haya- -ya- -yo
ki(VII) ki- haki- -ki- -cho
vi(VIII) vi- havi- -vi- -vyo
n(IX) i- hai- -i- -yo
n(X) zi- hazi- -zi- -zo
u(XI) u- hau- -u- -o
ku(XV/XVII) ku- haku- -ku- -ko
pa(XVI) pa- hapa- -pa- -po
mu(XVIII) m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -mu- -mo
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Prefix

ya-

  1. Contraction of i- + -a- (“mi class(IV) and n class(IX) gnomic”).
  2. Contraction of ya- + -a- (“ma class(VI) gnomic”).

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Xhosa

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 4 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.

Prefix

ya-

  1. of; class 9 possessive concord.

References
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