from; obey; observe from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried |
today; modern; present today; modern; present; current; this; now | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (從今) | 從 | 今 | |
| simp. (从今) | 从 | 今 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 從 | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 疾容切 | 居吟切 |
| Baxter | dzjowng | kim |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡zɨoŋ/ | /kˠiɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/d͡zioŋ/ | /kᵚim/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/d͡zioŋ/ | /kiem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡zuawŋ/ | /kjim/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡zioŋ/ | /kjəm/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡zĭwoŋ/ | /kĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡zʱi̯woŋ/ | /ki̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
cóng | jīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
cung4 | gam1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 從 | 今 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
cóng | jīn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dzjowng › | ‹ kim › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[dz]oŋ/ | /*[k]r[ə]m/ |
| English | to follow | now |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 從 | 今 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1858 | 6599 |
| Phonetic component |
从 | 今 |
| Rime group |
東 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
從 | 金 |
| Old Chinese |
/*zloŋ/ | /*krɯm/ |
| Notes | 文源謂含初文 | |