U+6839, 根
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6839

[U+6838]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+683A]

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 75, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木日女 (DAV), four-corner 47932, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𬓓 𬕤 𦶠 𡏒 𬻩

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14745
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1208, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6839

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kɯːn) : semantic + phonetic (OC *kɯːns).

Etymology

Possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *(d)kər (tree, plant) (whence Proto-Vietic *kəl > Vietnamese cây, Muong câl), *d₂gəl ~ d₂g(əə)l (trunk; stump) (whence Khmer គល់ (kŭəl, stump; floating log), Proto-Monic *t(l)gəl (stump)).

Alternatively, Smith (2011) proposes a derivation from (OC *kɯː, “grassroot”) with redundant nominalizing suffix *-n. See for more.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • gṳ̆ng - vernacular (“root; descendant; base”);
  • gŏng - literary (“source; basis”).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (53)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter kon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kən/
Pan
Wuyun
/kən/
Shao
Rongfen
/kən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kən/
Li
Rong
/kən/
Wang
Li
/kən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gan1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gēn
Middle
Chinese
‹ kon ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁə[r]/
English root, trunk

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3920
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kɯːn/

Definitions

  1. (botany) root (Classifier: m)
       shùgēn   root of a tree
  2. base; basis; foundation
  3. family root; ancestors
       xúngēn   to search for one's ancestral roots
  4. (figurative) descendant; offspring
  5. source; origin
  6. (figurative) penis (Classifier: m)
  7. (Buddhism) indriya; faculty; spiritual faculty
  8. (arithmetic) root
    均方   jūnfānggēn   root mean square
  9. (mathematics) solution to an algebraic equation (Classifier: m)
  10. (chemistry) radical
  11. (computing) root
    目錄目录   gēn mùlù   root directory
    分區分区   gēn fēnqū   root partition
  12. completely; from the source
  13. Classifier for long, slender objects, such as cigarettes, fingers, candles, ropes, and guitar strings. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

Synonyms

  • (descendant):
  • (source):
  • (arithmetic root): 方根 (fānggēn)
  • (classifier):

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. root
  2. base, foundation

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

() • (ne) 

  1. [from 712] a root of a plant
  2. [from 720] (by extension) the source or root of something
  3. [from 1000] the cause or basis for something
  4. [from mid-1300s] one's nature, the character one has by birth
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
こん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC kon). First cited in Japanese contexts in the 法華義疏 (Hokke Gisho) dated to 615,[1] a commentary on the Buddhist Lotus Sutra that was written in Classical Chinese.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) [kòń] (Heiban – [0])[3][4] for the sense of "perseverance, patience"
  • IPA(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

Noun

(こん) • (kon) 

  1. [from 615] (Buddhism) the original motive force leading to perception of something by the five senses or by thought
  2. [from 1477] genitals; more commonly, the male genitals
  3. [from 1790] perseverance, patience
    Synonym: 根気 (konki)
  4. [from 1889] (mathematics) a root, such as a square root (calque of English root)

References

  1. ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 뿌리 (ppuri geun))

  1. Hanja form? of (root; base; stump).

Compounds

Okinawan

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Compounds

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese (ne).

Noun

(にー) () 

  1. root

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: căn, cằn, cỗi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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