高

See also: 髙
高 U+9AD8, 高
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9AD8
← 髗
[U+9AD7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 髙 →
[U+9AD9]
⾼ U+2FBC, ⾼
KANGXI RADICAL TALL
← ⾻
[U+2FBB] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾽ →
[U+2FBD]

Translingual
Stroke order
10 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

Han character

高 (Kangxi radical 189, 高+0, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月口 (YRBR), four-corner 00227, composition ⿳亠口冋)

  1. Kangxi radical #189, ⾼.

Derived characters

See also

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1451, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1979, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4593, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9AD8

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 高
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
高 *kaːw
膏 *kaːw, *kaːws
篙 *kaːw
稿 *kaːwʔ
稾 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞 *kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠 *kaːwʔ
槀 *kaːwʔ
藁 *kaːwʔ
燺 *kʰaːwʔ
薧 *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒 *kʰaːws
蒿 *qʰaːw
藃 *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪 *ɡaːw
毫 *ɡaːw
壕 *ɡaːw
濠 *ɡaːw
鎬 *ɡaːwʔ
滈 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗 *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃 *ɡaːwʔ
搞 *kruːʔ
敲 *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇 *qʰraːw
嗃 *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐 *kʰl'awʔ
歊 *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻 *kʰraːwɢ
塙 *kʰraːwɢ
毃 *kʰraːwɢ
翯 *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥 *qʰraːwɢ

Pictogram (象形) – a tall building. Compare 京.

Etymology 1
simp. and trad.
 高
2nd round simp. ⿳㇔乛龴
alternative forms 髙
皋 “tall”

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Compare with Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “head”). However, 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) instead is more likely to be related to this Proto-Sino-Tibetan root given its significant semantic agreement (Schuessler, 2007).

Likely allofams are 喬 (OC *ɡrew, “tall”), and perhaps 浩 (OC *ɡuːʔ, “vast”) (although the vowels do not agree).

Pronunciation

Note: gau2 - in 上高 (siang5 gau2).
Note:
  • kau - vernacular;
  • ko/ko͘ - literary (including surname).
Rime
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古勞切
Baxter kaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɑu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɑu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kaw/
Li
Rong		 /kɑu/
Wang
Li		 /kɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gou1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gāo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kaw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*Cə.[k]ˁaw/
English high, tall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 高
Reading # 1/1
No. 3726
Phonetic
component		 高
Rime
group		 宵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 髙
Old
Chinese		 /*kaːw/

Definitions

高

  1. tall; high
    高原  ―  gāoyuán  ―  plateau
    這座山特別高。／这座山特别高。  ―  Zhè zuò shān tèbié gāo.  ―  This mountain is especially tall.
    生得高嘅女仔 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    saang1 dak1 gou1 ge3 neoi5 zai2 [Jyutping]
    a tall girl
    唔好擺得咁高啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔好摆得咁高啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 hou2 baai2 dak1 gam3 gou1 laa1. [Jyutping]
    Don't put it so high.
  2. of high level; above average
    很高的價格／很高的价格  ―  hěn gāo de jiàgé  ―  high price
    高糖量  ―  gāo tángliàng  ―  high sugar content
    很高的標準／很高的标准  ―  hěn gāo de biāozhǔn  ―  very high standard
    高年級／高年级  ―  gāo niánjí  ―  higher/senior grades
    我比他高一班。  ―  Wǒ bǐ tā gāo yī bān.  ―  I am one year above him.
  3. high place
    居高臨下／居高临下  ―  jūgāolínxià  ―  to occupy a high position and look down
  4. loud
    高歌  ―  gāogē  ―  to sing loudly
  5. (geometry) altitude
    求梯形的高  ―  qiú tīxíng de gāo  ―  find the altitude of the trapezium
  6. (honorific) your
  7. (chemistry) per-
    高錳酸鉀／高锰酸钾  ―  gāoměngsuānjiǎ  ―  potassium permanganate
  8. a surname, Gao (surname)
    高適／高适  ―  Gāo Shì  ―  Gao Shi (Tang dynasty poet)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 高 (“tall; high”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 高
Mandarin Beijing 高
Taiwan 高
Jinan 高
Xi'an 高
Wuhan 高, 長 †
Chengdu 高
Yangzhou 高
Hefei 高
Malaysia 高
Singapore 高
Cantonese Guangzhou 高
Hong Kong 高
Taishan 高
Yangjiang 高
Singapore (Guangfu) 高
Gan Nanchang 高, 猛 †
Hakka Meixian 高
Changting 高
Wuping 高
Liancheng 高
Ninghua 高
Jin Taiyuan 高
Northern Min Jian'ou 高
Eastern Min Fuzhou 懸
Changle 懸
Fuqing 懸
Pingtan 懸
Yongtai 懸
Gutian 懸
Fu'an 懸
Ningde 懸
Shouning 懸
Zhouning 懸
Matsu 懸
Southern Min Xiamen 懸, 躼 †
Quanzhou 懸, 躼 †
Zhangzhou 懸, 躼 †
Zhao'an 懸
Taipei 懸, 躼 †
New Taipei (Sanxia) 懸, 躼 †
Kaohsiung 懸, 躼 †
Yilan 懸, 躼 †
Changhua (Lukang) 懸, 躼 †
Taichung 懸
Tainan 懸, 躼 †
Hsinchu 懸
Kinmen 懸
Penghu (Magong) 懸
Penang (Hokkien) 懸
Singapore (Hokkien) 懸, 躼 †
Manila (Hokkien) 懸, 躼 †
Chaozhou 懸
Shantou 懸
Singapore (Teochew) 懸
Wenchang 懸
Qionghai 懸
Singapore (Hainanese) 懸
Puxian Min Putian 懸
Xianyou 懸
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 懸
Wu Suzhou 高, 長 †
Wenzhou 高, 長 †
Xiang Changsha 高, 上
Shuangfeng 高, 長 †
Note † - of a person's height
Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “tall”): 矮 (ǎi, “short”)
  • (antonym(s) of “high”): 低 (dī, “low”)

Descendants
  • → English: Gao, Kao, Ko

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (高):

Etymology 2
simp. and trad.
 高

Pronunciation

Note: guain5 - Chaoyang.

Definitions

高

  1. (Min) Alternative form of 懸／悬 (“tall; high”)

References

Japanese

Alternative forms

Kanji
高

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. tall
  2. high

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
高
たか
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

高(たか) • (taka) 

  1. maximum, the limit
Idioms
  • 高(たか)が知(し)れている (taka ga shirete iru)
  • 高(たか)を括(くく)る (taka o kukuru)
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
高
こう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 高 (kaw).

Prefix

高(こう) • (kō-) [3]

  1. high, higher
    高(こう)学(がく)歴(れき)
    kō-gakureki
    high academic achievement; higher education
    高(こう)画質(がしつ)
    kō-gashitsu
    high image quality

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. Yoshiro Kojima, Shigeru Takebayashi, Keisuke Nakao, and Hideo Masuda, editors (2005), Luminous Japanese-English Dictionary, second edition, Kenkyusha

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 高 (eumhun 높을 고 (nopeul go))

  1. Hanja form? of 고 (“high, tall”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

高: Hán Việt readings: cao (古(cổ)勞(lao)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
高: Nôm readings: cao[1][2][3][4][5][6], sào[3][7][6], kiêu[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of cao (“high; tall”).
  2. Nôm form of sào (“pole; stick”).
  3. chữ Hán form of Cao (“a surname from Chinese.”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.