v
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Translingual
Etymology 1
Minuscule variation of Latin V, from seventh century Old Latin adoption of Old Italic letter 𐌖 (V), from Ancient Greek letter Υ (Y, “Upsilon”).
See also
Etymology 2
Lower case form of upper case roman numeral V, from abbreviation of IIIIΛ or IIIIV (representing 5), from tally stick markings resembling \\\\⋁ or ////⋀, from the practice of designating each fifth notch with a double cut, like the corresponding Western tally mark, .
See also
- Previous: iv (4)
- Next: vi (6)
- Roman numerals
Pronunciation
IPA (file)
Symbol
v
Gallery
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of V, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase V in Fraktur
See also
The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s): Character=VPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of V:
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English
Etymology 1
From Middle English lower case letter v (also written u), from Old English lower case u and respelling of Old English f between vowels and voiced consonants.
- Old English lower case f from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case f of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚠ (f, “feoh”), derived from Etruscan letter 𐌅 (v).
- Old English lower case u from 7th century replacement by Latin lower case v of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚢ (u, “ur”), derived from Raetic letter u.
Before the 1700s, the pointed form v was written at the beginning of a word, while a rounded form u was used elsewhere, regardless of sound. So whereas valor and excuse appeared as in modern printing, have and upon were printed haue and vpon. Eventually, in the 1700s, to differentiate between the consonant and vowel sounds, the v form was used to represent the consonant, and u the vowel sound. v then preceded u in the alphabet, but the order has since reversed.
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /v/
- (letter name): IPA(key): /viː/ (spelled vee)
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -iː
Letter
See also
Noun
- a shape resembling the letter v
- The impact was so strong, it bent the bar into a v.
Etymology 2
Clipping of versus.
Preposition
v
Usage notes
- In legal contexts, usage is typically restricted to case citations, and the pronunciation may be as versus, vee, against, or and, depending on the region and nature of the case.
Etymology 3
Clipping of very.
Adverb
v
- (informal, text messaging) Clipping of very.
- You were acting v rude to his boyfriend on New Year's.
- 2007, Dyan Sheldon, Deep and Meaningful Diaries from Planet Janet, Somerville, MA: Candlewick Press, →ISBN, page 253:
- I said it wasn't a crush, I just thought he was v attractive.
- 2019 July 23, Matt Galea, “Punters Reckon Ashley Benson's New Tatt Is A Tribute To Girlfriend Cara Delevingne”, in Pedestrian, archived from the original on July 23, 2019:
- Since becoming social media official, Cara Delevingne and Ashley Benson have been sashaying around town together and being v cute
Etymology 4
Abbreviations.
v
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of of.
- (stenoscript) Abbreviation of very.
- (stenoscript) the suffix or final syllable -tive or -ive
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ube/, [u.β̞e̞]
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
Usage notes
- Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.
Catalan
Pronunciation
Czech
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech v, ve, from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /v/
audio (file)
Preposition
v
- in (inside, for an enclosed space) [+locative]
- On je v divadle. ― He is in the theater.
- at (indicating time) [+accusative]
- v šest hodin ― at six o'clock
- on (indicating a day) [+accusative]
- v pátek ― on Friday
- in (indicating a year) [+locative]
- v roce 2007 ― in the year 2007
- in (indicating a month) [+locative]
- v lednu ― in January
- in (used after certain verbs) [+accusative]
- věřit v Boha ― to believe in God
Usage notes
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -eː
- (letter name): IPA(key): /veː/
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /vo/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /v/
Audio (file)
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and v for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
See also
French
Pronunciation
- (letter name) IPA(key): /ve/
Audio (file)
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
- the twenty-second letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter I:
- Lui cherchant alors un nom qui ne s’écartât pas trop du sien, qui sentît et représentât la grande dame et la princesse, il vint à l’appeler Dulcinée du Toboso, parce qu’elle était native de ce village : nom harmonieux à son avis, rare et distingué, et non moins expressif que tous ceux qu’il avait donnés à son équipage et à lui-même.
- Through searching himself thus for a name that did not diverge too much from his own, that would suit and represent the great lady and princess, he came to call her Dulcinea del Toboso, because she was a native of this village [Toboso]: a name in his opinion harmonious, rare and distinguished, and no less expressive than all the ones that he had given to his team and to himself.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): [ˈv]
- (letter name): IPA(key): [ˈveː]
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | v | v-k |
accusative | v-t | v-ket |
dative | v-nek | v-knek |
instrumental | v-vel | v-kkel |
causal-final | v-ért | v-kért |
translative | v-vé | v-kké |
terminative | v-ig | v-kig |
essive-formal | v-ként | v-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | v-ben | v-kben |
superessive | v-n | v-ken |
adessive | v-nél | v-knél |
illative | v-be | v-kbe |
sublative | v-re | v-kre |
allative | v-hez | v-khez |
elative | v-ből | v-kből |
delative | v-ről | v-kről |
ablative | v-től | v-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
v-é | v-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
v-éi | v-kéi |
Possessive forms of v | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | v-m | v-im |
2nd person sing. | v-d | v-id |
3rd person sing. | v-je | v-i |
1st person plural | v-nk | v-ink |
2nd person plural | v-tek | v-itek |
3rd person plural | v-jük | v-ik |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, Z z, Zs zs. Only in the extended alphabet: Q q W w X x Y y. Commonly used: ch. Also defined: à ë. In surnames (selection): ä aa cz ds eé eö ew oe oó th ts ÿ.
Further reading
- v in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ido
Italian
Japanese
Synonyms
References
Latin
Alternative forms
- u (post-Classical)
Pronunciation
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/, /u/, /uː/
References
- v in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “v”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [v]
Malay
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
Maltese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /v/
- IPA(key): /f/ (by final devoicing or assimilation to a following voiceless obstruent)
- With very few exceptions, this letter occurs only in borrowings.
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
Mandarin
Usage notes
⟨v⟩ is sometimes used as a substitute for ⟨ü⟩ in Hanyu Pinyin-based input systems. As a result, it occasionally appears in print as well, though this is nonstandard.
Mapudungun
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /ɨ/
Letter
v (upper case V)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, Ch ch, D d, E e, F f, G g, I i, Ï ï, K k, L l, Ll ll, Ḻ ḻ, M m, N n, Ng ng, Ñ ñ, Ṉ ṉ, O o, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Tr tr, Ṯ ṯ, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y
There are multiple alphabets for writing Mapudungun. The letters that are not in brackets are from the unified alphabet, while the ones in brackets are from the four other alphabets.
Middle French
Usage notes
- u and v were represented by a single character in Middle French, although scholars consider them to be separate letters both in terms of usage and in terms of pronunciation.
Norwegian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /ʋeː/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ʋ/, /v/, /f/
Audio (file)
Letter
v
- The 22nd letter of the Norwegian alphabet.
Old Czech
Alternative forms
- u (often before labial consonants)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n) , from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥.
Preposition
v
- in (inside, for an enclosed space) (followed by the locative case)
- in (used after certain verbs) (followed by the accusative case)
- vyjěti v boj ― go into battle
Descendants
- Czech: v
Further reading
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) chapter V, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Portuguese
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /v/
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
- V (uppercase)
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /ʋ/
Letter
v (Cyrillic spelling в)
Preposition
v (Cyrillic spelling в)
Slovene
Letter
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v
Alternative forms
- (uppercase) V
See also
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *vъ(n).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋ/
Preposition
v
- (answering question where) (with locative) in, inside, at
- (answering question where to) (with accusative) to, into
- (indicating a day) (with accusative) on, in, at, during (in expressions concerning time)
- (indicating a month or period of time) (with locative) in, during
- V tem aprilu je veliko deževalo. ― This April it was raining a lot.
- V petih letih ni padla niti kapljica dežja. ― Within five years not even a droplet of rain has fallen.
Further reading
- “v”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
Pronunciation
Usage notes
- The common letter names, as well as phrases like ve de vaca are used to distinguish the letter v from the letter b. This is done because the two letters represent a single phoneme in modern Spanish, causing their traditional names be and ve both to be pronounced as /ˈbe/.
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈvi/ [ˈvi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /ˈbi/ [ˈbi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- Rhymes: -i
- IPA(key): /ˈve/ [ˈvɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
- IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /ˈbe/ [ˈbɛ] (letter name, Abecedario)
- Rhymes: -e
- IPA(key): /v/ [v] (phoneme)
- IPA(key): (more native-sounding) /b/ [b] (phoneme)
- IPA(key): /ˈvi/ [ˈvi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V, Baybayin spelling ᜊᜒ)
- The twenty-fourth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called vi and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The twenty-fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called ve and written in the Latin script.
Usage notes
- This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
- Some purists of Tagalog replace v in words with b.
See also
Further reading
- chapter V, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)
Zulu
Letter
v (lower case, upper case V)