E
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Translingual
Etymology
From the Etruscan letter 𐌄 (e, “e”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ε (E, “epsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤄 (h, “he”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓀠.
See also
Symbol
E
- (sciences, computing) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.
- 2E5 = 2 × 105
- (computing) Hexadecimal symbol for 14.
- (physics) Energy.
- E=mc2
- (biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for glutamic acid
- (mathematics) expectation function
- Abbreviation of exa-.
- (linguistics) A wildcard for a front vowel
- synonyms: I
- (clothing) Bra cup size.
Synonyms
- (scientific notation): e
Gallery
- Uppercase and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type
- Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur
See also
The template Template:Letter does not use the parameter(s): Character=E5Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Other representations of E:
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English
Pronunciation
- (phoneme, usually): IPA(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, or silent
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) - (letter name): IPA(key): /iː/
- Rhymes: -iː
Etymology 1
From Middle English and Old English upper case letter E and split of Æ, EA, EO, and Œ, from five 7th century replacements of Anglo-Saxon Futhorcs by Latin letters:
- Old English letter E, from replacement by Latin letter E of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛖ (e).
- Old English letter Æ from replacement by Latin ligature Æ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ).
- Old English digraph EA, from replacement by Latin digraph EA of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛠ (ea).
- Old English digraph EO from replacement by Latin digraph EO of Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛇ (eo).
- Old English letter Œ from replacement by Latin ligature Œ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᛟ (œ).
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e, plural Es or E's)
- The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.
- 1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:
- On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D.
Number
E (upper case, lower case e)
See also
Etymology 2
Abbreviation.
Noun
E (plural Es)
- (slang) The drug ecstasy (MDMA), particularly in pill form.
- 1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 156:
- Sick Boy brings oot some E. White doves; ah think. It's mental gear. Most Ecstasy hasnae any MDMA in it, it's just likesay, ken, part speed, part acid in its effects . . .
- 1995, “Sorted For E’s and Wizz”, in Jarvis Cocker (lyrics), Different Class, performed by Pulp:
- And I don't quite understand just what this feeling is / But that's okay cause we're all sorted out for E's and wizz
- 2002, Hugh Mackay, Winter Close, Sydney: Hodder Headline, →ISBN, page 85:
- You mentioned you were taking stuff. Did you mean ecstasy? / What else? It’s excellent. I’m not an addict or nothing, and I steer clear of crack and that. People say E is for losers but, hey, I’d never be without some eccy in my bag.
- (especially in LGBT contexts) The hormone estrogen/estradiol. (Contrast T, testosterone.)
- The grade below D in some grading systems. In most such systems, it is a failing grade.
- 1999, Julian Stallabrass, High Art Lite: British Art in the 1990s, Verso, →ISBN, page 25,
- In line with this, he is marketed not only as a mental innocent, but as a class primitive, someone who only got an E in A-level art […]
- a2003, Rick, quoted in Linda MacDowell, Redundant Masculinities?: Employment Change and White Working Class Youth, Blackwell Publishing (2003), →ISBN, page 198,
- My results weren’t that great, to be honest. I weren’t right happy with them; I got an E in Maths and that were a surprise, but I did get a B in Technology – that were all right.
- 2005, S. J. Smith, Joe Public, Virtualbookworm Publishing, →ISBN, page 125,
- Not really, but perhaps I’d have got an ‘E’ in Tech Drawing no matter how much I’d asserted myself. Maybe Mr. Pinkerton would have seen to it that my exam paper was tampered with. A spot of teacher to student revenge.
- 2005, Craig Taylor, Light, Reverb, →ISBN, page 103,
- But she didn’t get the bit about my accidental artistic career, “But you can’t draw love. You got an E in your exam. I remember that. You drew that onion that looked like a boil.”
- 1999, Julian Stallabrass, High Art Lite: British Art in the 1990s, Verso, →ISBN, page 25,
- Abbreviation of episode. (installment of a series)
- The pilot episode is S01E01.
Translations
Etymology 3
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鄂 (È).
Alternative forms
- O (Wade–Giles)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʌ/, enPR: ǔ
- Rhymes: -ʌ
Proper noun
E
- (history) A state in ancient China of varying location in present-day Shanxi, Henan, and Hubei.
- 2006, Li Feng, Landscape and Power in Early China, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 330–331:
- These three bronzes, though clearly modeled on Zhou types, are quite distinctive from the Zhou tradition. They suggest that, although the state of E served as an ally and agent of the Western Zhou state, it probably had a distinctive cultural origin of its own.
- 2014, Liu Yang, Cast for Eternity, Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 15:
- A six-character inscription cast inside the bowl records that this gui was made for a nobleman of the E state. Due to gaps in Chinese historical records, the exact history of the state of E is uncertain. Since the E Shu Gui was salvaged from a pile of scrap copper shipped to the Shanghai Foundry from Hubei province, some scholars have inferred that the gui was excavated from Hubei, therefore proving that the E state during the Western Zhou was located in today's Hubei province.
- (history) Its capital, also known as Echeng and Ezhou.
- A surname from Mandarin Chinese.
Translations
Etymology 4
From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 誒/诶 (ê̄), from E ɛ⁵⁵.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ/, enPR: ĕ
- Rhymes: -ɛ
Proper noun
E
- A Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China; Kjang E.
Translations
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of E terms
- Appendix:E Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in E
Etymology 5
Unknown.
Afar
Angami
See also
- (Latin-script letters) Ü ü, Üi üi, A a, Ai ai, I i, Ie ie, U u, Uo uo, E e, Ei ei, O o, Ou ou, K k, Kh kh, G g, Ng ng, C c, Ch ch, J j, Jh jh, Ny ny, T t, Th th, D d, N n, Ts ts, Tsh tsh, Dz dz, P p, Ph ph, B b, M m, Pf pf, Bv bv, Y y, Yh yh, R r, Rh rh, L l, Lh lh, F f, V v, W w, Wh wh, S s, Sh sh, Z z, Zh zh, H h
Azerbaijani
Letter
E upper case (lower case e)
Central Franconian
Etymology
- /ɛ/ is from Middle High German e (both ë and ẹ) in most closed syllables, in some dialects also in open syllables; in Moselle Franconian from ö in the same positions.
- /e/ is from i in most closed syllables; in Moselle Franconian from ü in the same positions.
- /eː/ is from ei in Ripuarian and western Moselle Franconian (latter also öu); from ie in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian (latter also üe); from ē, œ in southern Moselle Franconian; in some Moselle Franconian dialects from e, ö in open syllables.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (short open) /ɛ/, (short closed) /e/, (long) /eː/, (reduced) /ə/
Letter
E
- A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
- A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
Usage notes
- In the German-based spelling, short open /ɛ/ may also be represented by Ä (see there).
- In the Dutch-based spelling, short closed /e/, which ranges phonetically between [e] and [ɪ], is represented by I (see there).
- In the German-based spelling, long e is doubled to ee when the German cognate word has ee as well. Long e may or may not be doubled in the following cases:
- at the end of a word or word stem: hee or he;
- when it is followed by two or more consonants: Leech or rarely Lech;
- when the German cognate has two vowel letters: Steen or Sten (German Stein);
- when the German cognate has a consonant lost or not present in Central Franconian: weed or wed (German wird);
- when the German cognate has a short vowel: Keet or Ket (German Kette).
- In the Dutch-based spelling, long e is always doubled in closed syllables and at the end of a word, always written simple in non-final open syllables.
Chinese
Pronunciation
Etymology 2
Romanisation of 依 (ji1).
Pronunciation
Pronunciation 1
Letter
E
- The fifth letter of the Latin alphabet.
Pronunciation 2
Usage notes
- The pronunciation above are only used while referring to letters in Pinyin. They are not used in other context (such as English).
Elfdalian
Alternative forms
- ᛆ (Dalecarlian runes)
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /e/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /e/
Audio (file)
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
See also
Estonian
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Finnish
Etymology
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and E for information on the development of the glyph itself.
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
See also
Noun
E
- Abbreviation of eximia cum laude approbatur.
- Alternative letter-case form of e (“E (musical note)”)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ə/
Audio (Paris) (file)
German
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | E | E-k |
accusative | E-t | E-ket |
dative | E-nek | E-knek |
instrumental | E-vel | E-kkel |
causal-final | E-ért | E-kért |
translative | E-vé | E-kké |
terminative | E-ig | E-kig |
essive-formal | E-ként | E-kként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | E-ben | E-kben |
superessive | E-n | E-ken |
adessive | E-nél | E-knél |
illative | E-be | E-kbe |
sublative | E-re | E-kre |
allative | E-hez | E-khez |
elative | E-ből | E-kből |
delative | E-ről | E-kről |
ablative | E-től | E-ktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
E-é | E-ké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
E-éi | E-kéi |
Possessive forms of E | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | E-m | E-im |
2nd person sing. | E-d | E-id |
3rd person sing. | E-je | E-i |
1st person plural | E-nk | E-ink |
2nd person plural | E-tek | E-itek |
3rd person plural | E-jük | E-ik |
Derived terms
- E-dúr
- E-vitamin
See also
References
- Siptár, Péter and Miklós Törkenczy. The Phonology of Hungarian. The Phonology of the World’s Languages. Oxford University Press, 2007. →ISBN, p. 280
Ido
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /e/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /e/, /ɛ/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /ə/
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Kashubian
Etymology
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and E for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Latvian
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɛ]
(file) |
- IPA(key): [æ]
(file) |
Usage notes
The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /æ/, /eː/, (chiefly unstressed) /ə/, /e/
Usage notes
- Long /eː/ is normally spelt ee. Before a single consonant it may be spelt e, but this is restricted to internationalisms (e.g. Meter).
- Apart from unstressed syllables, the pronunciation /ə/, /e/ also occurs in the function words ech; mech, dech, sech; meng, deng, seng; net. Otherwise these vowels are spelt Ë or É.
Malay
Pronunciation
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [i]
- (Phoneme 1) IPA(key): [e], [ɛ]
- (Phoneme 2) IPA(key): [ə]
Norwegian Bokmål
Letter
E (lowercase e)
Polish
Etymology
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and E for development of the glyph itself.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛ/
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Portuguese
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Romani
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e/
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e/, /je/
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Saanich
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ə/
Scottish Gaelic
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Silesian
Etymology
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and E for development of the glyph itself.
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Skolt Sami
Pronunciation
- (phoneme) IPA(key): /e/, /ɛ/
Slovene
Alternative forms
- Є (Metelko alphabet)
Etymology
From Gaj's Latin alphabet E, from Czech alphabet E, from Latin E, from the Etruscan letter 𐌄 (e, “e”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ε (E, “epsilon”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤄 (h, “he”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓀠.
Pronunciation
- (phoneme, Standard Slovene): IPA(key): /éː/, /èː/, /ɛ́/, /ɛ́ː/, /ɛ̀ː/, /ə́/, /ə̀/, /e/, /ɛ/, [ɪ́], [ɪ̀], [é̞], [è̞]
- (phoneme, Resian): IPA(key): /ɛ/
- (phoneme, Natisone Valley dialect): IPA(key): /ɛː/, /ɛ/, /ɛ̆/
- (letter name): IPA(key): /èː/, /éː/
- (letter name, archaic): IPA(key): /ɛ́/
Audio (letter name, non-tonal) (file) - Rhymes: -eː
- Homophone: e
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Usage notes
Nowadays, it is hardly ever neuter gender, so it is considered obsolete.[1]
Inflection
- Overall more common
Masculine inan., soft o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | E | ||
gen. sing. | E-ja | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative (imenovȃlnik) |
E | E-ja | E-ji |
genitive (rodȋlnik) |
E-ja | E-jev | E-jev |
dative (dajȃlnik) |
E-ju | E-jema | E-jem |
accusative (tožȋlnik) |
E | E-ja | E-je |
locative (mẹ̑stnik) |
E-ju | E-jih | E-jih |
instrumental (orọ̑dnik) |
E-jem | E-jema | E-ji |
- More common when with a definite adjective
Masculine inan., no endings | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | E | ||
gen. sing. | E | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | E | E | E |
accusative | E | E | E |
genitive | E | E | E |
dative | E | E | E |
locative | E | E | E |
instrumental | E | E | E |
- Obsolete
Neuter, no endings | |||
---|---|---|---|
nom. sing. | E | ||
gen. sing. | E | ||
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | E | E | E |
accusative | E | E | E |
genitive | E | E | E |
dative | E | E | E |
locative | E | E | E |
instrumental | E | E | E |
See also
References
- Toporišič, Jože (2000) Slovenska slovnica / Jože Toporišič. - 4. prenovljena in razširjena izd. (in Slovene), Maribor: Obzorja, →ISBN
Further reading
- “E”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- Rhymes: -i
- IPA(key): /ˈʔe/ [ˈʔɛ] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
- Rhymes: -e
- IPA(key): /ˈe/ [ˈɛ] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
- Rhymes: -e
- IPA(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
- Syllabification: E
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)
- The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.
- The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called e and written in the Latin script.
- (historical) The sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called e and written in the Latin script.
See also
Further reading
- “E”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Turkish
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
See also
- (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, Ã ã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ), Â â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eː/
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
Mutation
- E cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word eliffant (“elephant”):
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
eliffant | unchanged | unchanged | heliffant |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
See also
- (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Î î, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “E”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yoruba
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)
See also
- (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
- (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
Zulu
Letter
E (upper case, lower case e)