za
Translingual
English
Etymology 1
Shortened from pizza.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zɑː/
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Noun
za (countable and uncountable, plural zas)
- (US, Canada, slang, 1970s, 1980s) Pizza.
- 1994, Sara Borins, The Real Guide to Canadian Universities, →ISBN, page 130:
- In fact, not ordering a SUB or ZA (pizza) is almost impossible since places to eat in Sackville include Subway (subs), Ed's (subs), Joey's (subs and za), Pizza Delight (mostly za), The Snack Shop (subs and za) and One Plus One (subs and za).
- 2006, Lee Simon, The restaurant dream?: an inside look at restaurant development, from concept to reality, →ISBN, page 44:
- But Chris, using some of his dated terminology, insisted that he wanted "za" for dinner. Back when Chris was a youngster in college, "za" was short for pizza--as if pizza were a lengthy word needing abbreviating.
- 2010, Jim Butcher, Turn Coat:
- They call me the Za-Lord.
Translations
Noun
za (uncountable)
- (slang) Exotic marijuana.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:marijuana
- 2021 April 23, “Just Say Det”, in A Gangsta's Pain, performed by Moneybagg Yo:
- Give me some Za, Percs, drank (Wow) / Lambo starburst paint (Wow)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zə/
- Rhymes: -ə
Etymology 4
From an apheretic pronunciation of wossat or (directly) of what's that.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /zə˧˥/, /zɑ˧˥/
Interjection
za
- An expression of surprise or confusion; compare wha, huh, eh.
- 2022 May 11, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Wednesday, May 11, 2022:
- "Really, the best evidence that Liam was under mind control is that everyone here is still alive." "Za?"
References
- Jonathon Green (2024) “za n.”, in Green’s Dictionary of Slang
Further reading
- “za”, in Urban Dictionary, launched 1999.
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech za, from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈza]
audio (file)
Preposition
za [+accusative]
- behind (movement) (to a place behind)
- by (to grab by, to take by) (denotes the object being grabbed)
- Smím tě vzít za ruku? ― Can I hold your hand?
- in (time taken) (after time elapsed)
- for (amount accumulated during a certain period)
- údaje za leden 2022 ― data for January 2022
- for (in exchange of / in return for) (e.g. price)
- Kolik dolarů dostanu za 100 korun? ― How many dollars will I get for 100 crowns?
- for (struggle/fight for)
- boj za nezávislost ― struggle for independence
- on behalf of, for
- za vládu ― on behalf of the government
- (responsible) for
- Kdo za to odpovídá? ― Who is responsible for that? / Who is behind that?
- for (apologize for / grateful for)
- Se omlouvám za to, co jsem včera řekl. ― I apologize for what I said yesterday.
- Jsem vděčný za příležitost. ― I'm grateful for the opportunity.
- for, in favor of
- as (consider as, recognize as)
- Pokládali jsme ho za přítele. ― We considered him a friend.
- per
- 100 km za hodinu ― 100 km per hour
Preposition
za [+instrumental]
Preposition
za [+genitive]
- during (during the time of)
- Brali jsme se za války. ― We got married during the war.
- Telefonovala za jízdy. ― She was talking on the phone while she was driving.
Antonyms
- před (space science)
Isthmus Zapotec
Kashubian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za. Sense 1 is a semantic loan from Polish za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈza/
- Syllabification: za
Preposition
za
Further reading
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “za”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 258
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “za”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi, volume 2, page 1439
- “za”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Lower Sorbian
Alternative forms
- sa (obsolete)
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /za/
Preposition
za
- for [+accusative]
- Žarim za nowy kompjuter. ― I’m saving for a new computer.
- Mam list za tebje. ― I have a letter for you.
- Wóna jo za amt kandiděrowała. ― She ran for an office.
- Něnto pokuśim za swóje zmólki. ― I’m paying for my mistakes now.
- Ja som raz za njogo źěłał. ― I used to work for him.
- Smej awto za 200 euro kupiłej. ― We bought a car for 200 euros.
- Za ten lětny cas jo južo pśeliš górucy. ― It’s already too hot for this time of year.
- in (after a period of time) [+accusative]
- Buźom tam za pěś minuty. ― I’ll be there in five minutes.
- behind (goal-oriented) [+accusative]
- Wón jo šeł za dom. ― He went behind the house.
- behind (stationary location) [+instrumental]
- Wón stoj za domom. ― He’s standing behind the house.
Mandarin
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Masurian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈza]
- Syllabification: za
Particle
za
- overly, excessively, too
- 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 29:
- […] (ónégo fligra nie béde céchowacz, to je dlá me za cziénzkie) […]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Preposition
za
- behind, beyond, after denotes location [+instrumental]
- 2018, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, translated by Paweł Pogorzelski and Psioter ôt Sziatków (Piotr Szatkowski), Małi Princ [The Little Prince], →ISBN, page 62:
- Prżipaniéntáł sobzie swoje słónkäzachodi, chtórnéch tak sukáł, włócónc za sobó stołusek.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Mezquital Otomi
Alternative forms
- z̄ǎ (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /zǎ/
Derived terms
- hanxiza (“leaf litter”)
- meza
- ndu̱nza (“tree trunk”)
- uaza
- xiza (“holm oak”)
- xäza (“juniper”)
- za ga mai
- zakthuhni
- zathe
- ꞌyaza
- ꞌñäza
References
- Andrews, Enriqueta (1950) Vocabulario otomí de Tasquillo, Hidalgo (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 40, 46, 63, 70
- Hernández Cruz, Luis, Victoria Torquemada, Moisés (2010) Diccionario del hñähñu (otomí) del Valle del Mezquital, estado de Hidalgo (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 45) (in Spanish), second edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 397
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jìja.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Preposition
za
Descendants
- Czech: za
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “za”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za. First attested in the 14th century.
Preposition
za
- denotes location where an action is directed toward [+accusative]
- 1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line 448:
- Geszthly... vethknye sza nadrą kapyczą
- [Jestli... wetknie za nadrę kapicę]
- denotes movement to a location behind something behind [+accusative]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 820:
- Vzyąly (pro zvyązaly) yemu rącze opak albo za szye
- [Zwią[za]li jemu ręce opak albo za sie]
- denotes general location by, at [+accusative]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 630:
- Yze spadl stolcza vznak za drzvy
- [Iże spadł z stolca wznak za drzwi]
- denotes distance behind [+accusative]
- 1930 [c. 1455], “IV Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), section 20,11:
- Naywodl cyen pan po tich rzøtkoch, gymysz ivsz bil sstøpyl na orloiv Achasowu zasyø za dzesyøcz slopyenyow (retrorsum decem gradibus)
- [Nawiodł cień Pan po tych rządkoch, jimiż już był zstąpił na orłoju Achasowu zasię za dzesięć słopieniow (retrorsum decem gradibus)]
- denotes location of grabbing or contact by [+accusative]
- 1974 [1405], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kaliskie, volume IV, number 131, Kalisz:
- Yaco Yan... rwal gi sza wlosi
- [Jako Jan... rwał ji za włosy]
- denotes how long an action occurs for [+accusative]
- c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie, page cv 41:
- Taco tih crolew [syn boży żądnie tam] o chacal, ize za trinadesce dny ot narodena gih […]
- [Tako tych krolew [Syn Boży żądnie tam]o czakał, iże za trzynadzieście dni ot narodzenia jich […] ]
- denotes length after which an action will begin in [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- 1967 [1408], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 376, Kościan:
- Jaco Potrasz Iandrzeya ne wranczil do pana santoczskego w pancz grziwen, ale za dve nedzeli na postauene
- [Jako Piotrasz Jędrzeja nie wręczył do pana Sątocskiego w pięć grzywien, ale za dwie niedzieli na postawienie]
- denotes position in time relative to a certain moment before
- denotes frequency of payment for; per [+accusative]
- 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 47:
- Aby... pyenyądzi szwych poszyczayącz, nye wyączey za kaszdy thydzen (pro qualibet septimana) wszącz myely, nyszly tylko geną qwartą
- [Aby... pieniędzy swych pożyczając, nie więcej za każdy tydzień (pro qualibet septimana) wziąć mieli, niżli (czy niźli) tylko jeną kwartę]
- with an ordinal number; denotes which time in a sequence; for the _ time [+accusative]
- Synonym: po
- 1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, page 58:
- Acz... w lesye drwa kv swemv poszythkv rąbal, ten, czyg lyas gest, za pyrwe ma wzącz syekyrą, za wtore syekyrą, plascz y suknya, za trzecze woly abo konye ma wzącz
- [Acz... w lesie drwa ku swemu pożytku rąbał, ten, czyj las jest, za pirwe ma wziąć siekirę, za wtore siekirę, płaszcz i suknią, za trzecie woły abo konie ma wziąć]
- used in verb government [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- denotes benefactive action for [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- 1937 [15th century], Józef Birkenmajer, editor, Bogarodzica dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy, number CE, Krakow, Warsaw, Częstochowa, Cieszyn, Sandomierz, Płock:
- O swyathy Voczyesze..., prosz sza nasz gospodna
- [O święty Wociesze..., proś za nas Gospodna]
- denotes function or similarity as; for
- Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 5a:
- Tako isczy Rymane szøcz gy ony sza boga bily mely
- [Tako iżci Rzymianie sąć ji oni za boga byli mieli]
- Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 109:
- Od tego tako omdlal, yze owscheya za marthwe (quasi mortuus) lyezal
- [Od tego tako omdlał, iże owszeją za martwe (quasi mortuus) leżał]
- denotes cost for [+accusative]
- 1959 [1387], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 22, Poznań:
- Jaco ten scot, czso gy ranczil Prandotha Maczeyewy, ten stal za szecz grziwen
- [Jako ten skot, czso ji ręczył Prędota Maciejewi, ten stał za szeć grzywien]
- denotes replacement with, for [+accusative]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page 108:
- Za to (pro eo), by mø mylowaly, wwloczyly sø mne
- [Za to (pro eo), by mię miłowali, uwłoczyli są mnie]
- denotes cause because of [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie, page cr 17:
- S taynego sircha [strumienie gor]skich slez za grehi uilige
- [Z tajnego sirca [strumienie gor]skich słez za grzechy wylije]
- denotes manner [+accusative] or [+instrumental]
- 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 46:
- Abi nygeden... zemyenyn... kostek nye gygral na pozyczki..., yano tylko za pyenyądze gothowe (pecunia pro parata)
- [Aby nijeden... ziemienin... kostek nie jigrał na pożyczki..., jano tylko za pieniądze gotowe (pecunia pro parata)]
- denotes aim or goal for [+accusative]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 36:
- Genze cyrpal gest za zbawyenye nasze (pro salute nostra)
- [Jenże cirpiał jest za zbawienie nasze (pro salute nostra)]
- denotes position behind something behind [+instrumental]
- 1981 [1403], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, t. V, A. Roty gnieźnieńskie, s. 76-274, number 125, Gniezno:
- Yaco Jarochna... rosipala copcze s prawem vsute a za timi kopczi vczinila dwadzeszcza grziwen scodi Zacharzewi, poszegwszi domi y dzena
- [Jako Jarochna... rozsypała kopce z prawem usute a za tymi kopcy uczyniła dwadzieścia grzywien szkody Zacharzewi, pożegwszy domy i dzienia]
- denotes the leader or causer of an action
- 1861 [1398], Pismo poświęcone naukom, sztukom i przemysłowi, volume III, Biblioteka Warszawska, page 34:
- Tedi poslali comornika hy vosnego... prossącz gych prze bok, aby gim othpuscili przissangą hy kgnew pirwey, nisli posli hy ius copczi począti snamonowacz za nimi
- [Tedy posłali komornika hi woźnego... prosząc jich prze Bog, aby jim otpuścili przysięgę hi [k]gniew pirwej, niżli (czy niźli) poszli hi już kopcy poczęty snamionować za nimi]
- denotes connection with someone with [+instrumental]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page 62,8:
- Przistala iest dusza moia za tobø (adhaesit... post te)
- [Przystała jest dusza moja za tobą (adhaesit... post te)]
- denotes when something occurs at, during [+instrumental] or [+genitive]
- 1888 [1404], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 118:
- Iacom Maczeya ne szyndowal swym pomocznykem za dnem any za noczø korzystnø rzeczø
- [Jakom Macieja nie szyndował swym pomocnikiem za dniem ani za nocą korzystną rzeczą]
- based on [+instrumental]
- 1888 [1402], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 101:
- Eze Groth yma trzi grziwni y osm groszi na Cusszowey czøsczi y za nim szedzi i plat yemu ma placzicz
- [Eże Grot ima trzy grzywny i ośm groszy na Kuszowej części i za nim siedzi i płat jemu ma płacić]
- denotes actions occurring alongside other actions [+instrumental]
- 1967 [1424], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number 1064, Kościan:
- Iaco kedy *nyeprzyeczele byezeli w zemya a [a] sskodzyly zemyą a kyedy pan Barthoss byezal za pogonem..., tedy nye slal do domv pana Gila, aby byezal za nyeprzyaczelmy
- [Jako kiedy nieprzyjaciele bieżeli w ziemię a [a] szkodzili ziemię a kiedy pan Bartosz bieżał za pogonem..., tedy nie słał do domu pana Gila, aby bieżał za nieprzyjacielmi]
- denotes object of payment for work [+instrumental]
- 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ann 7:
- Napelneny pyrzwey, za chlebmy sø se posadzely (pro panibus se locaverunt I Reg 2, 5)
- [Napełnieni pirzwej, za chlebmi są sie posadzieli (pro panibus se locaverunt I Reg 2, 5)]
- denotes an accompanying object
- 1974 [1402], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kaliskie, volume IV, number 52, Kalisz:
- Kedi[by] mi ne dal tego lista, tedibi mi swog mal na sø dacz sza swø peczanczø
- [Kiedy[by] mi nie dał tego lista, tedyby mi swoj miał na się dać za swą pieczęcią]
Postposition
za
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1959 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 381, Poznań:
- Yssze Marczin ne odmouil Yana szoltisa od rok za swego pana za Wolwrama
- [Iże Marcin nie odmowił Jana sołtysa od rok za swego pana za Wolframa]
Particle
za
- interrogative particle: introduces a yes-no question
- Synonym: azali
- 1901 [1463-1465], Jan Rozwadowski, editor, De morte prologus [Rozmowa mistrza Polikarpa ze śmiercią], Mierzeniec, Płock, line w. 82:
- Wstan, mystrzv, othpovyecz, gyesthly vmyesz. Za po polskv nye *roszvnyesz?
- [Wstań, mistrzu, otpowiedz, jestli umiesz. Za po polsku nie rozumiesz?]
- combines with interrogatigives to mean what kind (of)
- 1858 [c. 1408], Wojciech Szurkowski z Ponieca, “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, Poniec, page 26:
- Czo za prawo myedzy thema dwema?
- [Co za prawo miedzy tema dwiema?]
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “za”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /za/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) - Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: za
Particle
za
- overly, excessively, too
- Synonym: zbyt
- Ta koszula jest dla mnie za mała. ― This shirt is too small for me.
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), za (particle) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1 time in scientific texts, 0 times in news, 0 times in essays, 8 times in fiction, and 59 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 68 times, making it the 957th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Preposition
za
- behind, beyond, after denotes location [+instrumental]
- Dzieci schowały się za murem. ― The children hid behind the wall.
- Skręć w prawo tuż za restauracją. ― Turn right just after the restaurant.
- behind indicates the cause of something [+instrumental]
- Ciekawe, co kryje się za jej dziwnym zachowaniem. ― I wonder what's behind her strange behaviour.
- for, in favour of [+instrumental]
- Jestem za strajkiem. ― I am in favour of the strike.
- Czy ona jest za naszym pomysłem? ― Is she for our idea?
- after later in time or sequence [+instrumental]
- Synonym: po
- godzina za godziną ― hour after hour
- behind, beyond denotes movement [+accusative]
- Wyjeżdżamy za granicę na kilka dni. ― We're going abroad for a few days. (literally, “We're going beyond the border for a few days.”)
- by denotes the object being grabbed [+accusative]
- Trzymać kogoś za rękę. ― To hold someone by the hand.
- in, to with time constructions [+accusative]
- Za miesiąc będę miał 25 lat. ― In a month I'll be 25 years old.
- za pięć szósta ― five (minutes) to six
- for, in return for [+accusative]
- On był wdzięczny za naszą pomoc. ― He was grateful for our help.
- Ile zapłaciłeś za to? ― How much did you pay for this?
- in, during [+genitive]
- za starych czasów ― in olden times/in olden times
- za królowej Wiktorii ― during Queen Victoria's reign
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), za (particle) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 170 times in scientific texts, 192 times in news, 226 times in essays, 412 times in fiction, and 336 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1336 times, making it the 30th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[2]
References
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “za (particle)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 723
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “za (particle)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 723
Further reading
- za in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- za in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “ZA_I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.07.2009
- “ZA_II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.07.2009
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “za”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “za”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “za”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 6
Rwanda-Rundi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jìja.
Usage notes
Both the present and perfective stems cause the preceding vowel to be lengthened.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /za/
Preposition
za (Cyrillic spelling за)
- for (expressing a reason) [+accusative]
- glasati za nekoga ― to vote for somebody
- prodati nešto za 100 dolara ― to sell something for a hundred dollars
- platiti za radoznalost ― to pay for one's curiosity
- bojati se za nekoga ― to fear for somebody
- doći kući za praznike ― to come home for the holiday season
- behind, in back of, at (without change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ) [+instrumental]
- sjediti/sedeti za stolom ― to sit at the table
- Idi za mnom. ― Follow me. (Go behind me.)
- during [+genitive]
- za dana ― during the day, during daylight
- za života ― during one's life
- za vr(ij)eme rata ― during the war
- to, toward [+accusative]
- cesta za Beč ― the road to Vienna
- putovati za Beč ― to travel to Vienna
- in (in expressions with time) [+accusative]
- doći opet za nekoliko dana ― to come back in a few days
- pretrčati 100 metara za 9 sekundi ― to run 100 meters in 9 seconds
- by [+accusative]
- uzeti za ruku ― to take by the hand
- uhvatiti za ruku ― to grab by the arm
- vući za uši ― to pull by the ears
- for, as (with verbs denoting naming, appointing, declaring, considering, etc.) [+accusative]
- postaviti nekoga za preds(j)ednika ― to appoint somebody president
- držati nekoga za pametnog čov(j)eka ― to consider somebody a smart person
- after [+instrumental]
- jedan za drugim ― one after another
- praviti grešku za greškom ― to make one error after another; to make errors repeatedly
- Ponovite za mnom. ― Repeat after me.
- for [+instrumental]
- tugovati za nekim ― to grieve for somebody
- čeznuti za srećom ― to yearn for happiness
- Ljudi koji svakodnevno imaju potrebu za čokoladnim stvarima. ― People who have a daily need for chocolate stuff.
- Često se misli da je želja za određenom vrstom hrane psihološke prirode. ― It is often thought that the desire for certain type of food is of psychological nature.
Sicilian
Etymology
From Late Latin thia, from Ancient Greek θεία (theía).
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈza/
- Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: za
Preposition
za
- denotes location; behind [+instrumental]
- denotes movement; behind, beyond [+instrumental]
- denotes period; in, during [+genitive]
- denotes object of emotions; for [+instrumental]
- denotes object of exchange; for [+accusative]
- denotes source or cause; for [+genitive]
- denotes desired object; for [+accusative]
- denotes time; in [+accusative]
- Synonym: po
- with repeated nouns; denotes time after [+instrumental]
- Synonym: po
- dziyń za dniym ― day after day
- denotes location not within; outside [+instrumental]
- with an ordinal number and rŏz for (the Xth time) [+instrumental]
- Synonym: po
- indicates amount; for [+accusative]
- used to denote elapsing time; in [+accusative]
- denotes profession. [+accusative]
- denotes a trait; for, as [+accusative]
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /za/
Preposition
za
Further reading
- “za”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Slovincian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *za.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈza/
- Syllabification: za
Preposition
za [+case]
- Denotes movement; behind, beyond [+accusative]
- Denotes object being grabbed; by [+accusative]
- Denotes time after which something happens; in [+accusative]
- Denotes object of defense, help, etc.; for [+accusative]
- Denotes object of exchange; for [+accusative]
- Denotes aim or object of determination; for [+accusative]
- Denotes manner of buying and selling; for [+accusative]
- Denotes location; behind [+instrumental]
- Denotes object of desire; for [+instrumental]
Further reading
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1912) “zã”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1284
Spanish
Further reading
- “za”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sumerian
Tedim Chin
Etymology
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *yan, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gya.
References
- Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jìja.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [z̥a̤]
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms
Zou
Etymology
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *yan, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gya.
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jìja.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /za/
Inflection
Tone L, latent i | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuza | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuza | ukungezi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yiza | -ze | |||||||
Plural | yizani | -zeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyeza, ngiza | engizayo, engiza | ngiza | angizi | engingezi | ngingezi | |||
2nd singular | uyeza, uza | ozayo, oza | uza | awuzi | ongezi | ungezi | |||
1st plural | siyeza, siza | esizayo, esiza | siza | asizi | esingezi | singezi | |||
2nd plural | niyeza, niza | enizayo, eniza | niza | anizi | eningezi | ningezi | |||
Class 1 | uyeza, uza | ozayo, oza | eza | akezi | ongezi | engezi | |||
Class 2 | bayeza, beza | abezayo, abeza | beza | abezi | abangezi | bengezi | |||
Class 3 | uyeza, uza | ozayo, oza | uza | awuzi | ongezi | ungezi | |||
Class 4 | iyeza, iza | ezayo, eza | iza | ayizi | engezi | ingezi | |||
Class 5 | liyeza, liza | elizayo, eliza | liza | alizi | elingezi | lingezi | |||
Class 6 | ayeza, eza | ezayo, eza | eza | awezi | angezi | engezi | |||
Class 7 | siyeza, siza | esizayo, esiza | siza | asizi | esingezi | singezi | |||
Class 8 | ziyeza, ziza | ezizayo, eziza | ziza | azizi | ezingezi | zingezi | |||
Class 9 | iyeza, iza | ezayo, eza | iza | ayizi | engezi | ingezi | |||
Class 10 | ziyeza, ziza | ezizayo, eziza | ziza | azizi | ezingezi | zingezi | |||
Class 11 | luyeza, luza | oluzayo, oluza | luza | aluzi | olungezi | lungezi | |||
Class 14 | buyeza, buza | obuzayo, obuza | buza | abuzi | obungezi | bungezi | |||
Class 15 | kuyeza, kuza | okuzayo, okuza | kuza | akuzi | okungezi | kungezi | |||
Class 17 | kuyeza, kuza | okuzayo, okuza | kuza | akuzi | okungezi | kungezi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizile, ngizē | engizile, engizē | ngizile, ngizē | angizanga | engingezanga | ngingezanga | |||
2nd singular | uzile, uzē | ozile, ozē | uzile, uzē | awuzanga | ongezanga | ungezanga | |||
1st plural | sizile, sizē | esizile, esizē | sizile, sizē | asizanga | esingezanga | singezanga | |||
2nd plural | nizile, nizē | enizile, enizē | nizile, nizē | anizanga | eningezanga | ningezanga | |||
Class 1 | uzile, uzē | ozile, ozē | ezile, ezē | akezanga | ongezanga | engezanga | |||
Class 2 | bezile, bezē | abezile, abezē | bezile, bezē | abezanga | abangezanga | bengezanga | |||
Class 3 | uzile, uzē | ozile, ozē | uzile, uzē | awuzanga | ongezanga | ungezanga | |||
Class 4 | izile, izē | ezile, ezē | izile, izē | ayizanga | engezanga | ingezanga | |||
Class 5 | lizile, lizē | elizile, elizē | lizile, lizē | alizanga | elingezanga | lingezanga | |||
Class 6 | ezile, ezē | ezile, ezē | ezile, ezē | awezanga | angezanga | engezanga | |||
Class 7 | sizile, sizē | esizile, esizē | sizile, sizē | asizanga | esingezanga | singezanga | |||
Class 8 | zizile, zizē | ezizile, ezizē | zizile, zizē | azizanga | ezingezanga | zingezanga | |||
Class 9 | izile, izē | ezile, ezē | izile, izē | ayizanga | engezanga | ingezanga | |||
Class 10 | zizile, zizē | ezizile, ezizē | zizile, zizē | azizanga | ezingezanga | zingezanga | |||
Class 11 | luzile, luzē | oluzile, oluzē | luzile, luzē | aluzanga | olungezanga | lungezanga | |||
Class 14 | buzile, buzē | obuzile, obuzē | buzile, buzē | abuzanga | obungezanga | bungezanga | |||
Class 15 | kuzile, kuzē | okuzile, okuzē | kuzile, kuzē | akuzanga | okungezanga | kungezanga | |||
Class 17 | kuzile, kuzē | okuzile, okuzē | kuzile, kuzē | akuzanga | okungezanga | kungezanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāza | engāza | ngāza | angizanga | engingezanga | ngingezanga | |||
2nd singular | wāza | owāza | wāza | awuzanga | ongezanga | ungezanga | |||
1st plural | sāza | esāza | sāza | asizanga | esingezanga | singezanga | |||
2nd plural | nāza | enāza | nāza | anizanga | eningezanga | ningezanga | |||
Class 1 | wāza | owāza | āza | akezanga | ongezanga | engezanga | |||
Class 2 | bāza | abāza | bāza | abezanga | abangezanga | bengezanga | |||
Class 3 | wāza | owāza | wāza | awuzanga | ongezanga | ungezanga | |||
Class 4 | yāza | eyāza | yāza | ayizanga | engezanga | ingezanga | |||
Class 5 | lāza | elāza | lāza | alizanga | elingezanga | lingezanga | |||
Class 6 | āza | āza | āza | awezanga | angezanga | engezanga | |||
Class 7 | sāza | esāza | sāza | asizanga | esingezanga | singezanga | |||
Class 8 | zāza | ezāza | zāza | azizanga | ezingezanga | zingezanga | |||
Class 9 | yāza | eyāza | yāza | ayizanga | engezanga | ingezanga | |||
Class 10 | zāza | ezāza | zāza | azizanga | ezingezanga | zingezanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāza | olwāza | lwāza | aluzanga | olungezanga | lungezanga | |||
Class 14 | bāza | obāza | bāza | abuzanga | obungezanga | bungezanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāza | okwāza | kwāza | akuzanga | okungezanga | kungezanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāza | okwāza | kwāza | akuzanga | okungezanga | kungezanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingeza | — | ngingeza | ngingeze | — | ngingeze | |||
2nd singular | ungeza | — | ungeza | ungeze | — | ungeze | |||
1st plural | singeza | — | singeza | singeze | — | singeze | |||
2nd plural | ningeza | — | ningeza | ningeze | — | ningeze | |||
Class 1 | angeza | — | engeza | angeze | — | engeze | |||
Class 2 | bangeza | — | bengeza | bangeze | — | bengeze | |||
Class 3 | ungeza | — | ungeza | ungeze | — | ungeze | |||
Class 4 | ingeza | — | ingeza | ingeze | — | ingeze | |||
Class 5 | lingeza | — | lingeza | lingeze | — | lingeze | |||
Class 6 | angeza | — | engeza | angeze | — | engeze | |||
Class 7 | singeza | — | singeza | singeze | — | singeze | |||
Class 8 | zingeza | — | zingeza | zingeze | — | zingeze | |||
Class 9 | ingeza | — | ingeza | ingeze | — | ingeze | |||
Class 10 | zingeza | — | zingeza | zingeze | — | zingeze | |||
Class 11 | lungeza | — | lungeza | lungeze | — | lungeze | |||
Class 14 | bungeza | — | bungeza | bungeze | — | bungeze | |||
Class 15 | kungeza | — | kungeza | kungeze | — | kungeze | |||
Class 17 | kungeza | — | kungeza | kungeze | — | kungeze | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokuza | engizokuza | ngizokuza | angizukuza | engingezukuza | ngingezukuza | |||
2nd singular | uzokuza | ozokuza | uzokuza | awuzukuza | ongezukuza | ungezukuza | |||
1st plural | sizokuza | esizokuza | sizokuza | asizukuza | esingezukuza | singezukuza | |||
2nd plural | nizokuza | enizokuza | nizokuza | anizukuza | eningezukuza | ningezukuza | |||
Class 1 | uzokuza | ozokuza | ezokuza | akazukuza | ongezukuza | engezukuza | |||
Class 2 | bazokuza | abazokuza | bezokuza | abazukuza | abangezukuza | bengezukuza | |||
Class 3 | uzokuza | ozokuza | uzokuza | awuzukuza | ongezukuza | ungezukuza | |||
Class 4 | izokuza | ezokuza | izokuza | ayizukuza | engezukuza | ingezukuza | |||
Class 5 | lizokuza | elizokuza | lizokuza | alizukuza | elingezukuza | lingezukuza | |||
Class 6 | azokuza | azokuza | ezokuza | awazukuza | angezukuza | engezukuza | |||
Class 7 | sizokuza | esizokuza | sizokuza | asizukuza | esingezukuza | singezukuza | |||
Class 8 | zizokuza | ezizokuza | zizokuza | azizukuza | ezingezukuza | zingezukuza | |||
Class 9 | izokuza | ezokuza | izokuza | ayizukuza | engezukuza | ingezukuza | |||
Class 10 | zizokuza | ezizokuza | zizokuza | azizukuza | ezingezukuza | zingezukuza | |||
Class 11 | luzokuza | oluzokuza | luzokuza | aluzukuza | olungezukuza | lungezukuza | |||
Class 14 | buzokuza | obuzokuza | buzokuza | abuzukuza | obungezukuza | bungezukuza | |||
Class 15 | kuzokuza | okuzokuza | kuzokuza | akuzukuza | okungezukuza | kungezukuza | |||
Class 17 | kuzokuza | okuzokuza | kuzokuza | akuzukuza | okungezukuza | kungezukuza | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokuza | engiyokuza | ngiyokuza | angiyukuza | engingeyukuza | ngingeyukuza | |||
2nd singular | uyokuza | oyokuza | uyokuza | awuyukuza | ongeyukuza | ungeyukuza | |||
1st plural | siyokuza | esiyokuza | siyokuza | asiyukuza | esingeyukuza | singeyukuza | |||
2nd plural | niyokuza | eniyokuza | niyokuza | aniyukuza | eningeyukuza | ningeyukuza | |||
Class 1 | uyokuza | oyokuza | eyokuza | akayukuza | ongeyukuza | engeyukuza | |||
Class 2 | bayokuza | abayokuza | beyokuza | abayukuza | abangeyukuza | bengeyukuza | |||
Class 3 | uyokuza | oyokuza | uyokuza | awuyukuza | ongeyukuza | ungeyukuza | |||
Class 4 | iyokuza | eyokuza | iyokuza | ayiyukuza | engeyukuza | ingeyukuza | |||
Class 5 | liyokuza | eliyokuza | liyokuza | aliyukuza | elingeyukuza | lingeyukuza | |||
Class 6 | ayokuza | ayokuza | eyokuza | awayukuza | angeyukuza | engeyukuza | |||
Class 7 | siyokuza | esiyokuza | siyokuza | asiyukuza | esingeyukuza | singeyukuza | |||
Class 8 | ziyokuza | eziyokuza | ziyokuza | aziyukuza | ezingeyukuza | zingeyukuza | |||
Class 9 | iyokuza | eyokuza | iyokuza | ayiyukuza | engeyukuza | ingeyukuza | |||
Class 10 | ziyokuza | eziyokuza | ziyokuza | aziyukuza | ezingeyukuza | zingeyukuza | |||
Class 11 | luyokuza | oluyokuza | luyokuza | aluyukuza | olungeyukuza | lungeyukuza | |||
Class 14 | buyokuza | obuyokuza | buyokuza | abuyukuza | obungeyukuza | bungeyukuza | |||
Class 15 | kuyokuza | okuyokuza | kuyokuza | akuyukuza | okungeyukuza | kungeyukuza | |||
Class 17 | kuyokuza | okuyokuza | kuyokuza | akuyukuza | okungeyukuza | kungeyukuza | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngize | ngingezi | |||||||
2nd singular | uze | ungezi | |||||||
1st plural | size | singezi | |||||||
2nd plural | nize | ningezi | |||||||
Class 1 | eze | angezi | |||||||
Class 2 | beze | bangezi | |||||||
Class 3 | uze | ungezi | |||||||
Class 4 | ize | ingezi | |||||||
Class 5 | lize | lingezi | |||||||
Class 6 | eze | angezi | |||||||
Class 7 | size | singezi | |||||||
Class 8 | zize | zingezi | |||||||
Class 9 | ize | ingezi | |||||||
Class 10 | zize | zingezi | |||||||
Class 11 | luze | lungezi | |||||||
Class 14 | buze | bungezi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuze | kungezi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuze | kungezi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngeza | ngangeza, angeza, angangeza | |||||||
2nd singular | weza | wangeza, aweza, awangeza | |||||||
1st plural | seza | sangeza, aseza, asangeza | |||||||
2nd plural | neza | nangeza, aneza, anangeza | |||||||
Class 1 | weza | wangeza, akeza, akangeza | |||||||
Class 2 | beza | bangeza, abeza, abangeza | |||||||
Class 3 | weza | wangeza, aweza, awangeza | |||||||
Class 4 | yeza | yangeza, ayeza, ayangeza | |||||||
Class 5 | leza | langeza, aleza, alangeza | |||||||
Class 6 | eza | angeza, aweza, awangeza | |||||||
Class 7 | seza | sangeza, aseza, asangeza | |||||||
Class 8 | zeza | zangeza, azeza, azangeza | |||||||
Class 9 | yeza | yangeza, ayeza, ayangeza | |||||||
Class 10 | zeza | zangeza, azeza, azangeza | |||||||
Class 11 | lweza | lwangeza, alweza, alwangeza | |||||||
Class 14 | beza | bangeza, abeza, abangeza | |||||||
Class 15 | kweza | kwangeza, akweza, akwangeza | |||||||
Class 17 | kweza | kwangeza, akweza, akwangeza |
Related terms
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “za”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “za”