Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/za

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰō (“behind, under, out of, because of”), itself perhaps a pronominal instrumental form from the *gʰe, *gʰo. Cognate with East Lithuanian аžù (аž before vowels) from *аžúо (“behind”), dial. Latvian аz, âz alongside with àiz- (“behind, beyond”).

Preposition

*za

(+instrumental) behind, after (stationary)
Synonym: *zadi

Antonyms: *perdъ, *perdi
(+accusative) behind, after (motion to)
Antonym: *perdъ
(+accusative) in (time), during
Synonym: *ob
(+accusative) for, in exchange for, for the purpose of, in favour of
Synonym: *vъz
(+genitive) for, because of

Derived terms

*zadъ (“back part”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: за (za)
  - Belarusian: за (za)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: за (za)
  - Ukrainian: за (za)
- Russian: за (za)
- Old Novgorodian: ꙁа (za)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: за (za)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰸⰰ (za)
- Bulgarian: за (za)
- Macedonian: за (za), зад (zad)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: за
  
  Latin script: za
- Slovene: za (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: za
  - Czech: za
- Old Polish: za
  - Masurian: za
  - Polish: za
  - Silesian: za
- Slovak: za
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: za, zó
  - Slovincian: za
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: za
  - Lower Sorbian: za

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “за”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

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