gan

• IPA^(key): /ɡæn/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Perhaps connected with Middle English gane, or possibly from Welsh geneu, Cornish ganau (“mouth”).[1]

• ganns, gans

gan (uncountable)

1. (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) Mouth.
   • 1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 3]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

     White thy fambles, red thy gan / And thy quarrons dainty is. / Couch a hogshead with me then. / In the darkmans clip and kiss.

gan

1. (archaic) simple past of gin

Probably a variant of gang, from Middle English gangen, from Old English gangan (“to step; walk; go”).

• gang

gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gannin, simple past went or gan, past participle gone)

1. (Northumbria) To go.
   • 2011, Chris Dockerty, Ramblings of a Geordie:

     The one problem I had here was my broad Geordie accent which the teachers tried their hardest to make me lose. I couldn't understand their problem with it because I could understand myself. Whenever I told them, "Am gannin yem", they would say, "No, Christopher. It's not "am gannin yem", it's "I am going home".

• Frank Graham (1987) The New Geordie Dictionary, →ISBN
• Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin,
• Todd's Geordie Words and Phrases, George Todd, Newcastle, 1977
• A List of words and phrases in everyday use by the natives of Hetton-le-Hole in the County of Durham, F.M.T.Palgrave, English Dialect Society vol.74, 1896,
• Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
• A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN

• AGN, ANG, GNA, NGA, nag

From French gant.

gan

1. glove

• IPA^(key): [ɡã˦]

gan

1. to jump

gan

1. hot

gan

1. (transitive) to heat up

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

• IPA^(key): /ŋan/

gan

1. reptile
2. (specifically) goanna

• Jakelin Troy (1993) The Sydney Language, Canberra, →ISBN, page 53

gan

1. Alternative spelling of gaon

Borrowed from Bengali গান (gan).

gan

1. song

From Old Irish cen (“besides; without”), from Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”); compare Middle Welsh am-gen (“otherwise”), Breton ken (“otherwise”).

• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /ɡən̪ˠ/
• (stressed, Munster, Aran) IPA^(key): /ɡɑn̪ˠ/
• (stressed, Connemara, Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡan̪ˠ/

gan (plus nominative, triggers no mutation in specific references but lenition in general references)

1. without
2. not (in conjunction with a verbal noun)

• In standard written Irish, triggers lenition (except of d, s, t) of unmodified nouns, e.g. gan phingin (“without a penny”). Does not trigger lenition of modified nouns, e.g. gan pingin ina phóca (“without a penny in his pocket”). In the meaning ‘not’, does not trigger lenition of either a verbal noun or on the direct object of the verbal noun, e.g. gan ceannach (“not to buy”), gan pingin a shaothrú (“not to earn a penny”).
• Unlike most prepositions, gan takes the nominative case of nouns, as shown by the lack of mutation of consonant-initial masculine singular nouns after the definite article, for example gan an plúr (“without the flour”), and the presence of t-prothesis of vowel-initial masculine singular nouns after the article, for example gan an t-airgead (“without the money”).
• Unlike most prepositions, gan does not form prepositional pronouns, but is instead followed by the disjunctive form of a personal pronoun, for example gan mé (“without me”), gan sinn (“without us”), gan é (“without him”).

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gan”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “gan” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “gan” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
• Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 21

gan

1. Rōmaji transcription of がん
2. Rōmaji transcription of ガン

gan

1. tattoo

• André-Georges Haudricourt et Françoise Ozanne-Rivière, Dictionnaire thématique des langues de la région de Hienghène (Nouvelle-Calédonie) : pije - fwâi - nemi - jawe, Lacito - Documents, Asie-Austronésie 4, SELAF no. 212, Peeters, 1982

gan

1. both, and

Used in pairs: gan jauna, gan skaista "both young and beautiful"

gan

1. Nonstandard spelling of gān.
2. Nonstandard spelling of gǎn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of gàn.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

From Old English ġeġn.

gan

1. Alternative form of gain (“against”)

From Old English gān.

gan

1. (Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of gon (“to go”)

From Old English gān, ġegān.

gan

1. Alternative form of gon (“gone”)

gan (present stem -gê-)

1. to have sexual intercourse with somebody, to fuck somebody

gan ?

1. having sex, fucking

• IPA^(key): /ɡã̄/

gan

1. to exceed; to surpass

   Èmì mi li gan èmì u. ― My house is cleaner than her house.

   U ge gan kpáátá. ― It's the best. (literally, “It is good surpassing all”)

   Gànsìkiya ligwa gankò. ― The truth washes the hands more than soap.

Used to construct the comparative and superlative.

• gangan (“to be too much”)
• ganganyí (“very much”)

From Proto-West Germanic *gān.

gān

1. to go

• anagān
• antgān
• bigān
• fargān

• Middle Dutch: gâen
  • Dutch: gaan
    • Afrikaans: gaan
    • Javindo: ha, haat
    • Jersey Dutch: xân, xâne
    • Petjo: gaan, haan
  • Limburgish: gaon

• “gān”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

From Proto-West Germanic *gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave”). The verb was defective in Germanic and may only have existed in the present tense.

• IPA^(key): /ɡɑːn/

gān

1. to go
   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, "Gospel of Saint John", chapter 21, verse 3

     Ðā cwæð Simon Petrus tō him, Ic wylle gān on fixað. Þā cwǣdon hī tō him, And wē wyllað gān mid þē. And hī ēodon ūt, and ēodon on scip, and ne fēngon nān þing on þǣre nihte.

     Then said Simon Peter to them. I want to go fishing. Then they said to him, and we want to go with you. And they went out and went in a ship, and caught nothing in the night.

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"

     ...hē wolde gān ūt of ðām porte...

     ...he desired to go out of the town...

   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"

     ...swā hwǣr swā hē ēode and hī ealle āstōdon ansunde ætforan him þe on ðām fænne ǣr lagon.

     ...wheresoever he went, and they all rose up sound before him, who aforetime lay in the mire.

2. to walk
   • late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"

     ...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.

     and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.

   • late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History

     Sē wer meahte unēaðe þurh hine selfne ārīsan oþþe gān.

     The man could barely get up or walk by himself.

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 6:66

     Siþþan maniġe his leornungcneohta ċierdon onbæc and lenġ ne ēodon mid him.

     After that, many of his disciples turned back and no longer walked with him.

3. to enter
   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 24:38-39

     On þǣm dagum ǣr þǣm flōde wǣron menn etende and drincende, and wīfiġende and ġifte sellende, ōþ þone dæġ þe Nōe on þā earċe ēode, and hīe nysson ǣr sē flōd cōm and nam hīe ealle.

     In the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and they didn't know until the flood came and took them all.

• The expected present participle, gānde, is very rare. Instead gangende is almost always used, from the synonym gangan: Līf nis būtan gangendu sċadu ("Life is but a walking shadow").

• gangan

• gang

• Middle English: gon, gan, ga; goo, goon, go
  • English: go
  • Geordie English: gan
  • Middle Scots: go, goe, gone
    • Scots: gan, gae, ga, gang
  • Yola: goe, gow, go; goeth

From Proto-West Germanic *gān.

gān

1. to go

• Saterland Frisian: geen (simple past, past participle of gunge)
• West Frisian: gean

From Proto-West Germanic *gān.

gān

1. to go

• Middle Low German: gân
  • Dutch Low Saxon: gan, gaon
  • German Low German: gahn
  • Plautdietsch: gone

Cognate with Turkmen gan.

• (Dazhuang, Mengda, Hanbahe, Jiezi, Gaizi, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA^(key): [qɑn]
• (Chahandusi, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): [qɑːn]

gan

1. blood

• gana (“to bleed”)

• Tenishev, Edhem (1976) “gan”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 460
• Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “gan”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary], 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 218
• 马伟 (Ma Wei), 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2014) “gan”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎, 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 (Social Science Literature Press), →ISBN, page 109

• Yakup, Abdurishid (2002) “gan”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon‎, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 104

• gae, ga, gang

From Northern Middle English gan, from Old English gān (“to go”). Past tense supplied by Old English wenden (“to wend”).

gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gan, simple past went or wett, past participle been)

1. to go

gan

1. them (direct object)

   A bheil sibh gan creidsinn? ― Do you believe them?

• Before words beginning with b, f, m or p gam is used instead.

gan

1. Romanization of 𒃶 (gan)

From older gani.

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡan]

gan

1. Alternative form of gani (“louse”)

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

From English gun.

gan

1. gun

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).

• IPA^(key): /ɡaːn/

gan (definite accusative gany, plural ganlar)

1. blood

• “gan” in Enedilim.com
• “gan” in Webonary.org

From Proto-Vietic *t-kaːn, from Old Chinese 肝 (OC *s.kˤa[r]) (SV: can). Cognate with Chut [Rục] təkaːn¹ ("bold").

Displaced native lòm, now only found in the compounds đỏ lòm and chua lòm.

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ɣaːn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ɣaːŋ˧˧]
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ɣaːŋ˧˧]

• Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City)

  (file)

(classifier lá) gan

1. (anatomy) a liver
2. (figurative) audacity; gall; balls

   to gan ― audacious

   nhát gan / gan thỏ đế ― chicken

(classifier cây) gan

1. (botany) Malus doumeri

   Synonym: sơn tra

gan

1. hepatic
2. courageous, brave, tough

• nga, Nga

• IPA^(key): [ɡan]

gan (nominative plural gans)

1. (male or female) goose

• böd
• nim

• ganil

• barnig (“brant goose, brent goose”), Branta bernicla

From Middle Welsh cant, from Old Welsh cant, from Proto-Celtic *kanta.[1] Cognate with Breton gant and Ancient Greek κατά (katá, “against; downwards”).

• (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ɡan/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ɡɪn/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ɡan/
• Rhymes: -an

gan (triggers soft mutation)

1. (North Wales) used with bod to indicate possession

   Synonym: gyda

   Mae gen i wallt hir.

   I have long hair.

   (literally, “Long hair is with me.”)

2. by (after a passive construction)

   Cafodd y car ei ddwyn gan ddau llanc.

   The car was stolen by two youths.

3. by (authorship)
4. used with verbal noun to indicate an action simultaneous with that of the main verb, while, whilst
   • King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:

     Aeth o gwmpas y stafell gan ofyn yr un cwestiwn i bawb.

     He went around the room [while] asking everyone the same question.

See gan on Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru for more information.

• IPA^(key): /ɡan/
• Rhymes: -an

gan

1. Soft mutation of can.

gan

1. Soft mutation of can.

• Audio

  (file)

gan (definite form gan gi)

1. stranger
2. guest

• gẹ̀n (Òǹkò)

• IPA^(key): /ɡã̀/

gàn

1. (transitive) to disparage, criticize, belittle

   Synonyms: pẹ̀gàn, ṣáátá, ṣàbùkù, kẹ́gàn

   ọ̀tá mí gàn mí ― my enemy disparages me

• gan before a direct object

• lámèyítọ́ (“critic”)

• gẹn (Òǹkò)

• IPA^(key): /ɡã̄/

gan

1. (intransitive) to become stiff, to harden

   kankéré ti gan ― The concrete has hardened

• Aganjú (“orisha of the wilderness”)
• ìgan
• agan

• gẹ́n (Òǹkò)

• IPA^(key): /ɡã́/

gán

1. (transitive) to stub, to clear (plants or a forest)

   Synonym: ṣán

   àgbẹ́ gán' igbó ― The farmer cleared the forest

• gẹ́n (Òǹkò)

• IPA^(key): /ɡã́/

gán

1. to use something very sparingly

   Synonym: sún

   mo ń gán owó lò ― I am using money very sparingly

• gẹ́n (Òǹkò)

• IPA^(key): /ɡã́/

gán

1. to hit something with a thrown or spun object

   mo ń gán owó lò ― I am using money very sparingly

• gẹ́n (Òǹkò)

• IPA^(key): /ɡã́/

gán

1. to tack or stich something together

   Synonym: rán

   mo gán etí aṣọ pọ̀ ― I hemmed the edge of the cloth together

• gbá (“to stich together the edges of a mat”)

• gẹ́n (Òǹkò)

• IPA^(key): /ɡã́/

gán

1. to snatch something in the air, especially with one hand

   Synonyms: hán, wọ́n

   mo fọwọ́ gán bọ́ọ̀lù náà pákó ― I used my hand to snatch the ball swiftly from the air