血

See also: 皿
血 U+8840, 血
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8840
← 蠿
[U+883F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衁 →
[U+8841]
⾎ U+2F8E, ⾎
KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD
← ⾍
[U+2F8D] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾏ →
[U+2F8F]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

血 (Kangxi radical 143, 血+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月廿 (HBT), four-corner 27100, composition ⿱丿皿)

  1. Kangxi radical #143, ⾎.

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1107, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33964
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1568, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3050, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8840

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 血
2nd round simp. ⿱丿𠀃

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 血
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (血) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侐 *qʰʷiɡs, *qʰʷɯɡ
血 *qʰʷiːɡ
恤 *sqʰʷiɡ
卹 *sqʰʷiɡ
賉 *sqʰʷiɡ
欰 *sqʰʷiɡ
洫 *qʰʷɯɡ
殈 *qʰʷeːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 (“drop of blood”) + 皿 (“container”) - a drop of blood inside a chalice for sacrificial uses.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese as *m̥ˤik to account for word-family connections with 脈 (OC *C.mˤ<r>[i]k, “vein”), 衊 (OC *mˤi[k], “defiled blood”) as well as its use as a phonetic component in 侐 (OC *m̥(r)ik, “still; quiet”), which is in the same word family as 宓 (OC *mi[k], “quiet; silent”) (Sagart, 1999b; Baxter and Sagart, 2017). Sagart (1999b) argues that this word is not genetically related to the Tibeto-Burman form with *s-hjw-, but that this word has been borrowed into Tibeto-Burman.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hut1 - vernacular;
  • hut2 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 血
Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ²¹⁴/
Harbin /ɕiɛ²¹³/
/ɕyɛ²¹³/
Tianjin /ɕie²¹/
/ɕye²¹/
Jinan /ɕyə²¹³/ 新
/ɕiə²¹³/
Qingdao /ɕiə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ɕiɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /ɕiɛ²¹/
Xining /ɕi⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕie¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕyə¹³/
/ɕiə¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕiɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕie²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕye³¹/
Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕyeʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ²/
Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɕioʔ⁵/
/ɕyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /ɕyəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /ɕy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /ɕyɛ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ɕie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɕyæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕyɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /hiat̚¹/
Taoyuan /hiet̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hyt̚³/
Nanning /hyt̚³³/
Hong Kong /hyt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiat̚³²/
/huiʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /haiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuai²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hueʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hue⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 血
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 屑 (88)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 呼決切
Baxter xwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hwet̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hʷet̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɛt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwɛt̚/
Li
Rong		 /xuet̚/
Wang
Li		 /xiwet̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xiwet̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xue
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hyut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 血
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xuè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwet ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥ˁik/
English blood

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 血
Reading # 1/1
No. 14098
Phonetic
component		 血
Rime
group		 質
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 血
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰʷiːɡ/

Definitions

血

  1. blood
    流血了。  ―  Liúxiě le.  ―  It's bleeding.
  2. blood relations; kinship
  3. firm; unyielding; ardent
  4. (literary) tears
  5. (video games) HP
    血量  ―  xuèliàng  ―  HP
  6. (slang, Northeastern Mandarin) very
    我這波血強。／我这波血强。  ―  Wǒ zhè bō xuě qiáng.  ―  I'm very strong now.

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 血 (“blood”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 血, 血液
Mandarin Taiwan 血
Yantai (Muping) 血
Jinan 血
Luoyang 血
Wanrong 血
Xi'an 血
Yinchuan 血
Lanzhou 血
Xining 血
Ürümqi 血
Wuhan 血
Chengdu 血
Guiyang 血
Liuzhou 血
Xuzhou 血
Yangzhou 血
Nanjing 血
Cantonese Guangzhou 血, 蚊飯 humorous, dated
Hong Kong 血, 蚊飯 humorous, dated
Taishan 血
Dongguan 血
Gan Nanchang 血
Lichuan 血
Pingxiang 血
Hakka Meixian 血
Yudu 血
Huizhou Jixi 血
Jin Taiyuan 血
Xinzhou 血
Northern Min Jian'ou 血
Southern Min Penang (Hokkien) 血
Haikou 血
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 血
Wu Shanghai 血
Shanghai (Chongming) 血
Suzhou 血
Danyang 血
Hangzhou 血
Ningbo 血
Wenzhou 血
Jinhua 血
Xiang Loudi 血

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (血):
  • → Vietnamese: huyết (血)

References

Japanese

Kanji
血

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
血
ち
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ti.

Pronunciation

Noun

血(ち) • (chi) 

  1. blood

Derived terms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 血 (MC xwet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᄒᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: hyyélq)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527피〮 (Yale: phí)혈〮 (Yale: hyél)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 血 (eumhun 피 혈 (pi hyeol))

  1. Hanja form? of 혈 (“blood”). [affix]

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji
血

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *ti, from Proto-Japonic *ti. Cognate with Japanese 血 (chi).

Noun

血(ちー) (chī) 

  1. blood

Vietnamese

Han character

血: Hán Nôm readings: huyết, hoét, tiết

  1. chữ Hán form of huyết (“blood”).

Compounds
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