U+683C, 格
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-683C

[U+683B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+683D]

Translingual

Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 75, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木竹水口 (DHER), composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 524, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14749
  • Dae Jaweon: page 912, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1203, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+683C

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ) : semantic (wood) + phonetic (OC *klaːɡ).

Etymology 1

“to go; to come; to arrive”
Possibly cognate to Tibetan འགྲོ་བ། ('gro ba, to go, walk, travel), འགྲོ་བ་པོ ('gro ba po, traveler), འགྲོན་པ ('gron pa, to go, travel), མགྲོན (mgron, guest), མགྲོན་ཁང (mgron khang, inn) (Geilich, 1994). If so, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwat (to go through, to travel). However, STEDT does not compare this to Tibeto-Burman lexical items under *grwat.
Baxter (1992) proposes that this is related to (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”). Compare (OC *kʰraːɡ, “guest, visitor”), (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “travel, lodge”), and (OC *ɡaːŋ, *ɡaːŋs, *ɡraːŋ, *ɡraːŋs, “to go”)
“to obstruct; to hinder”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
“frame; square”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
“style; form; pattern; standard; personality; character”
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Semantically derived from "square, frame" sense?”)

Pronunciation


Note: gaak3-2 - "square".
Note:
  • kak/gag5 - "square";
  • kiet/kiat/gêd5 - other senses (including "pattern", "personality").

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (28) (28)
Final () (103) (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I II
Fanqie
Baxter kak kaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑk̚/ /kˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑk̚/ /kᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑk̚/ /kak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kak̚/ /kaɨjk̚/
Li
Rong
/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
Wang
Li
/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kɑk̚/ /kɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ge ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gok3 gak1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kæk ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁrak/
English go to

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3885 3894
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klaːɡ/ /*kraːɡ/

Definitions

  1. (literary, or in compounds) pattern; standard; form; style
       biǎo   table; form
       guī   standard; norm
  2. square; frame
  3. (literary, or in compounds) special property; personality; character (Can we add an example for this sense?) (particularly for the "personality" in literary form)
       fēng   personality; style
       xìng   temperament; nature
  4. (grammar) case
       gòng   comitative case
          benefactive case
  5. (mathematics) lattice; grid; cross-hatch; checkers
       wǎng   mesh; lattice
          checkers; lattice
  6. (literary) to beat; to lash; to strike; to hit
  7. (Cantonese) partitioned cell; cubicle
    [Cantonese]   cau3 gaak3 [Jyutping]   holding cell (literally, “stinky cell”)
    [Cantonese]   beng6 gaak3 [Jyutping]   cubicle of a ward
    [Cantonese]   ci3 gaak3 [Jyutping]   toilet cubicle
  8. to come; to arrive; to go to
  9. to obstruct; to hinder
  10. to investigate
  11. 22nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "resistance" (𝌛)
  12. (Hokkien) breed; body type (of certain poultry and livestock)
  13. (Hokkien) Classifier for graduation in a measuring container.
  14. (Mainland China Hokkien) to examine; to explore; to inspect; to check out (the reason, principle, etc.)
  15. (Mainland China Hokkien) to change the original structural layout (to increase number of spaces, etc.)
  16. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used in place names to describe the topography of a watershed.
  17. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to build by laying bricks or stones
  18. a surname

Synonyms

  • (standard):
  • (special property):
  • (to beat):
  • (to build by laying bricks or stones): ()

Compounds

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. An onomatopoeia.

Compounds

Etymology 3

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ka(:)k (fork, branch, crotch). Cognate with Apatani á-ha (branch), Mizo kâk (fork of a tree), Burmese အခက် (a.hkak, tree branch).

Attested since the Northern and Southern dynasties period. According to Schuessler (2007), the word may be much older as the graph already appeared in Zhou texts and was intended to mean "branch" (with radical).

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. tree branch

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Checked-tone variant of .

Pronunciation


  • Wu
    • (Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 8gheq; 8geq; 7eq
      • MiniDict: gheh; geh; eh
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 5hheq; 5geq; 4eq
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦəʔ¹²/, /ɡəʔ¹²/, /əʔ⁵⁵/
    • (Suzhou)
      • Wugniu: 0kaq7
      • MiniDict: 0kah
      • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kɑʔ/

Definitions

(Wu)

  1. this
    啥西 [Hangzhounese, trad. and simp.]
    What is this?
  2. Alternative form of (possessive particle)
Synonyms

References

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Noun

Kanji in this term
かく
Grade: 5
kan’on

(かく) • (kaku) 

  1. status, rank
  2. (grammar) case (of a word)
  3. capacity
  4. character
  5. case (law)

Proper noun

(いたる) • (Itaru) 

  1. a male given name

(かく) • (Kaku) 

  1. a male given name

(とおる) • (Tōru) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese (MC kaek).

Hanja

(eumhun 바로잡을 (barojabeul gyeok))

  1. Hanja form? of (status).

Compounds

Hanja

(eumhun 가지 (gaji gak))

  1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of (tree branch).

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: cách, ghếch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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