U+65E9, 早
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E9

[U+65E8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+65EA]

Translingual

Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 72, +2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 日十 (AJ), four-corner 60400, composition )

Derived characters

  • 𰁹 𫩭 𭎓 𭑷 𭜬 𢫵 𭥳 𣑬 𤞋 𥏅 𮁲 𮇘 𮈎 𮡲 𫘷 𪞂 𨚰 𭥡 𬀵 𭦞 𭧃 𭧓 𨴝 𠦝() 𡴐 𣁌 𫅃 𭈼 𥏯 𪸣 𬁄

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13742
  • Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1483, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+65E9

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Early bronze inscriptions: Pictogram (象形) – acorn. Original form of (OC *zuːʔ) (once also written as (cǎo)). Borrowed for "morning" sense.

Late bronze inscriptions: Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔsuːʔ) : semantic (sun) + phonetic (OC *ʔsuːʔ), with sometimes simplified as .

Small seal script: Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (sun) + (first) – when the sun first rises.

In some ancient texts, (OC *ʔsuːʔ) was often used instead.

Etymology

Possible cognate found in Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntsi̯ouˣ (early), whence White Hmong ntxov and Iu Mien nziou (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; Schuessler, 2007), and Proto-Tai *ɟaːwꟲ (early morning), whence Thai เช้า (cháao) and ᦋᧁᧉ (tsaw²).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • cā - vernacular;
  • cō̤ - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (13)
Final () (89)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tsawX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sawX/
Li
Rong
/t͡sɑuX/
Wang
Li
/t͡sɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zou2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zǎo
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsawX ›
Old
Chinese
/*Nə.tsˁuʔ/
English early

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16546
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsuːʔ/

Definitions

  1. early; in advance; soon
       Wǒ xǐng dé hěn zǎo.   I woke up early.
    一點 [MSC, trad.]
    一点 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ néng bù néng zǎo yīdiǎn lái? [Pinyin]
    Can you be here a little earlier?
    請問今天一會兒 [MSC, trad.]
    请问今天一会儿 [MSC, simp.]
    Qǐngwèn, wǒ jīntiān zǎo zǒu yīhuìr xíng ma? [Pinyin]
    Please could I leave early today?
    Antonym:
  2. long ago; for a long time
       zǎo zǒu le.   He left long ago.
    變壓器已經 [MSC, trad.]
    变压器已经 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge biànyāqì yǐjīng shāo huǐ le, zǎo gāi chāi huàn yī ge xīn de le. [Pinyin]
    This transformer has burnt out. It should have been replaced a long time ago.
  3. (early) morning
    見到 [MSC, trad.]
    见到 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ jīn zǎo méi yǒu jiàndào tā. [Pinyin]
    I didn't see him this morning.
  4. good morning
    老師老师   Lǎoshī zǎo!   Good morning, teacher!
    Synonym: 早安 (zǎo'ān)
  5. before; in the past time
    現在這麼匆忙幹嗎 [MSC, trad.]
    现在这么匆忙干吗 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiànzài zhème cōngmáng, nǐ zǎo gànmá qù le. [Pinyin]
    So now you are in a hurry. What were you doing before?
  6. (Taiwan, informal) Short for 早上 (zǎoshang).; a.m.
       zǎo   8:00 a.m.
  7. (Hainanese) breakfast
  8. a surname

Synonyms

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
はや
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(はや) • (haya) 

  1. already, now
    はや数日(すうじつ)
    haya-sūjitsu
    (please add an English translation of this example)

References

  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC tsawX). Recorded as Middle Korean 조〯 (cwǒ) (Yale: cwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 일찍 (iljjik jo))

  1. Hanja form? of (early).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: tảo ((tử)(hạo)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
: Nôm readings: tảo[2][4][6], chảo[1], tảu

  1. chữ Hán form of tảo (early; in advance).
  2. chữ Hán form of tảo (morning).

Compounds

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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