早い

Japanese

Kanji in this term
はや
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[1] Reconstructed as ultimately from Proto-Japonic *paya.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "早い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 早く やく
[háꜜyàkù]
[hàyáꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 早い [hàyáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 早い [hàyáꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 早くない やくない
くない
[háꜜyàkùnàì]
[hàyáꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 早かった やかった
かった
[háꜜyàkàttà]
[hàyáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 早くなかった やくなかった
くなかった
[háꜜyàkùnàkàttà]
[hàyáꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 早いです いです [hàyáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 早くて やくて
くて
[háꜜyàkùtè]
[hàyáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 早ければ やければ
ければ
[háꜜyàkèrèbà]
[hàyáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(はや) • (hayai) -i (adverbial (はや) (hayaku))

  1. [from 759] early
    Antonym: 晩い (osoi, late)
    おはよう相変(あいか)わらず()きる(はや)ね。
    Ohayō. Aikawarazu okiru no hayai ne.
    Good morning. You sure get up early, don't you? Just like always.
    人類(じんるい)には(はや)すぎる動画(どうが)
    jinrui ni wa hayasugiru dōga
    videos that humanity is not ready for (Niconico Video slang phrase)
    (literally, “videos that are too early for humanity”)
  2. [from 712] quick-witted
    Antonyms: 遅い (osoi, slow-witted), 愚か (oroka), 鈍い (nibui)
  3. [from 759] 速い: quick, fast, speedy
    Antonym: 遅い (osoi, slow)

Usage notes

In modern usage, authors often use the 早い spelling for the early sense and the 速い spelling for fast. These are ultimately the same word, identical in speech, with the sense clear from context.

Inflection

References

  1. 早・速・疾・捷”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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