更
|
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
更 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一中田大 (MLWK), four-corner 10506, composition ⿱一⿻日乂)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 502, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14283
- Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 20, character 2
- Unihan data for U+66F4
- Unihan data for U+F901
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
更 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 㪅 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 更 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
更 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs |
粳 | *kraːŋ |
埂 | *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ |
浭 | *kraːŋ |
稉 | *kraːŋ |
梗 | *kraːŋʔ |
哽 | *kraːŋʔ |
綆 | *kraːŋʔ |
鯁 | *kraːŋʔ |
挭 | *kraːŋʔ |
骾 | *kraːŋʔ |
郠 | *kraːŋʔ |
硬 | *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs |
鞕 | *ŋɡraːŋs |
丙 | *pqraŋʔ |
炳 | *praŋʔ |
邴 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
怲 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
苪 | *praŋʔ |
蛃 | *praŋʔ |
昺 | *praŋʔ |
昞 | *praŋʔ |
窉 | *praŋʔ |
柄 | *praŋʔ, *praŋs |
鈵 | *praŋs |
寎 | *praŋs |
病 | *braŋs |
Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) , showing two chariots (丙). Later 攴 was added and a 丙 omitted to create the form seen in the Shuowen Jiezi (㪅), a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs) : abbreviated phonetic 𰀒 (, “two chariots”) + semantic 攴 (“hand holding a whip; action”). The remaining 丙 eventually corrupted into a shape similar to 雨.
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
更
- to change; to replace
- 子貢曰:「君子之過也,如日月之食焉。過也,人皆見之;更也,人皆仰之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Zǐgòng yuē: “Jūnzǐ zhī guò yě, rú rìyuè zhī shí yān. Guò yě, rén jiē jiàn zhī; gēng yě, rén jiē yǎng zhī.” [Pinyin]
- Zigong said, "A junzi’s mistakes are like solar and lunar eclipses. When he makes a mistake, all people see it; when he changes, all people look up to him.
子贡曰:「君子之过也,如日月之食焉。过也,人皆见之;更也,人皆仰之。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to take turns; to rotate
- to experience
- 28th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "change" (𝌡)
Compounds
- 厲精更始/厉精更始
- 堂構更新/堂构更新
- 改姓更名
- 改弦更張/改弦更张 (gǎixiángēngzhāng)
- 更代 (gēngdài)
- 更休
- 更僕難數/更仆难数
- 更動/更动 (gēngdòng)
- 更化
- 更名 (gēngmíng)
- 更名改姓
- 更唱
- 更始 (gēngshǐ)
- 更姓
- 更定 (gēngdìng)
- 更審/更审
- 更年
- 更年期 (gēngniánqī)
- 更弦易轍/更弦易辙
- 更張/更张
- 更換/更换 (gēnghuàn)
- 更改 (gēnggǎi)
- 更故
- 更新 (gēngxīn)
- 更新換代/更新换代
- 更易
- 更替 (gēngtì)
- 更次
- 更正 (gēngzhèng)
- 更正啟事/更正启事
- 更番 (gēngfān)
- 更相
- 更立
- 更端
- 更行
- 更衣 (gēngyī)
- 更衣室 (gēngyīshì)
- 更訂/更订
- 更調/更调
- 更變/更变
- 更賦/更赋
- 更迭 (gēngdié)
- 朝更夕改
- 朝更暮改
- 洗削更革
- 洗盞更酌/洗盏更酌
- 滌故更新/涤故更新
- 萬象更新/万象更新 (wànxiànggēngxīn)
- 紛更/纷更
- 與民更始/与民更始
- 解弦更張/解弦更张
- 變更/变更 (biàngēng)
- 除舊更新/除旧更新
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
更
Compounds
- 三更
- 三更半夜
- 三更四鼓
- 九更天
- 二五更
- 五更 (wǔgēng)
- 五更三點/五更三点
- 五更天
- 五更雞/五更鸡
- 五更頭/五更头
- 交更 (Cantonese)
- 值更
- 八更
- 初更 (chūgēng)
- 午更 (ng5 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 半夜三更
- 司更
- 嚴更/严更
- 坐更
- 夜半三更 (yèbànsāngēng)
- 夜更 (je6 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 夜靜更深/夜静更深
- 夜靜更長/夜静更长
- 夜靜更闌/夜静更阑
- 守更
- 定更
- 打更 (dǎgēng)
- 拎更 (Cantonese)
- 持更
- 換更/换更 (Cantonese)
- 攞更/𫽋更 (Cantonese)
- 日更 (Cantonese)
- 早更 (Cantonese)
- 更亭 (Cantonese)
- 更份 (Cantonese)
- 更夜
- 更夫 (gēngfū)
- 更房
- 更樓/更楼
- 更次
- 更深 (gēngshēn)
- 更深人靜/更深人静
- 更深半夜
- 更深夜靜/更深夜静
- 更漏
- 更籌/更筹
- 更籤/更签
- 更表 (gaang1 biu2) (Cantonese)
- 更長夢短/更长梦短
- 更長漏永/更长漏永
- 更闌/更阑
- 更闌人靜/更阑人静
- 更頭/更头
- 更點/更点
- 更鼓
- 更鼓敲盡/更鼓敲尽
- 替更 (tai3 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 深更 (shēngēng)
- 深更半夜 (shēngēngbànyè)
- 漏盡更闌/漏尽更阑
- 率更
- 當更/当更 (dong1 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 直落更 (Cantonese)
- 看更
- 知更鳥/知更鸟 (zhīgēngniǎo)
- 編更/编更 (pin1 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 落更 (lok6 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 調更/调更 (diu6 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 買更/买更 (Cantonese)
- 賣更/卖更 (Cantonese)
- 起更
- 輪更/轮更 (leon4 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 巡更 (xúngēng)
- 追更 (zeoi1 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 連更徹夜/连更彻夜
- 頂更/顶更 (ding2 gaang1) (Cantonese)
- 鬼打更
- 黑更半夜
- 鼉更/鼍更
Pronunciation 3
Compounds
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: càng
References
- (Min Nan) “Entry #3228”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Readings
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
更 |
さら Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 更, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
更 |
こもごも Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 更, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
更 |
ふ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 更 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 更, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
更 |
こう Grade: S |
on’yomi |
Noun
- one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was divided in ancient China
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 更 (MC kaengH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᇰ〮 (Yale: kóyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 다시 ᄀᆡᆼ[1] | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᆼ (koyng) (Yale: koyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 다시 ᄀᆡᆼ | Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄀᆡᆼ (Yale: koyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
|
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kɛ(ː)ŋ] ~ [ke̞(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [갱(ː)/겡(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 更 (MC kaeng).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᇰ (Yale: kòyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 고틸 ᄀᆡᆼ | Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡᆼ (koyng) (Yale: koyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 고칠 경 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 경 (Yale: kyeng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [경]
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
更: Hán Việt readings: canh[1][2][3], cánh[1][3]
更: Nôm readings: canh[1][2][3], cánh[1][2], cành[1], gánh[2], ngạnh[3]
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.