吏

See also: 史 and 更

吏	U+540F, 吏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540F

← 后
[U+540E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

吐 →
[U+5410]

吏	U+F9DE, 吏 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DE

← 利
[U+F9DD]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

履 →
[U+F9DF]

Translingual

Han character

吏 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十中大 (JLK), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻一史 or ⿻丈口)

Derived characters

使, 𠲀, 𦧜, 𧧅, 𪘌, 𫣙, 𣥱, 𣦰, 㤦, 𣆘, 𫊳, 𩂲, 𣳪, 𬃻, 𧀞, 𮃂, 𫣚, 𥒅, 𩰢, 𥥥, 𠦱, 𦪨, 𣬒, 𩢲(𬳺), 㹬, 𧳅, 𥟹, 𫾫

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 176, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3299
Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 18, character 3
Unihan data for U+540F
Unihan data for U+F9DE

Chinese

simp. and trad.		吏
alternative forms		叓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吏
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (史) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
吏	*rɯs
倳	*ʔsrɯs
剚	*ʔsrɯs
事	ʔsrɯs, zrɯs
史	*srɯʔ
使	srɯʔ, srɯs
駛	srɯʔ, srɯs

Alternative descendant of 叓, which is also the ancient form of 事.

Etymology

See 理 (lǐ, “envoy, jail official, matchmaker”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): li
Eastern Min (BUC): lê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lī / lē

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lei⁶
  - Yale: leih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: léi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
  - Hakka Romanization System: li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
  - Tâi-lô: lī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /li³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /li²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
  - Tâi-lô: lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: le
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/

Note:

lī/lē - literary;
lē - vernacular (俗, Xiamen).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li¹¹/

Middle Chinese: liH

Rime
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力置切
Baxter	liH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨ^H/
Li Rong	/liə^H/
Wang Li	/lĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]əʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*rɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ li^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]əʔ-s/
English	officer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吏
Reading #	1/1
No.	11482
Phonetic component	史
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	吏
Old Chinese	/*rɯs/
Notes	史轉註字

Definitions

吏

(historical) government official
(historical) petty official
a surname

Compounds

一行作吏
下吏
俗吏 (súlì)
健吏
僕吏／仆吏
公吏
六房吏典
六房書吏／六房书吏
典吏
刀筆吏／刀笔吏
刻木為吏／刻木为吏
削木為吏／削木为吏
吏員／吏员
吏士
吏民
吏治 (lìzhì)
吏目
吏胥
吏議／吏议
吏讀／吏读 (lìdú)
吏道
吏部 (Lìbù)
園吏／园吏
堠吏
大吏
奸胥猾吏
委吏
守吏
官吏 (guānlì)
官虎吏狼
家吏
將吏／将吏 (jiànglì)
小吏 (xiǎolì)
幹吏／干吏
府小吏
庫吏／库吏
廉吏
從吏／从吏
循吏 (xúnlì)
排房吏典
掾吏 (yuànlì)
故吏 (gùlì)
朱衣吏
汙吏／污吏 (wūlì)
汙吏黠胥／污吏黠胥
法吏
津吏
濫吏贓官／滥吏赃官
濫官汙吏／滥官污吏 (lànguān-wūlì)
爪牙吏
猾吏
獄吏／狱吏 (yùlì)
甕間吏部／瓮间吏部
甲吏
疆吏
純吏／纯吏
署吏
老吏
胥吏 (xūlì)
能吏
苛吏 (kēlì)
蒙吏
計吏／计吏
貪吏／贪吏 (tānlì)
貪吏猾胥／贪吏猾胥
貪官汙吏／贪官污吏 (tānguān-wūlì)
郵吏／邮吏
酷吏 (kùlì)
長吏／长吏 (zhǎnglì)
門吏／门吏 (ménlì)
門生故吏／门生故吏 (ménshēng gùlì)
驛吏／驿吏
墨吏
黠吏 (xiálì)

Japanese

Kanji

吏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

(historical) petty official (low-ranking public servant)

Usage notes

Whereas high-ranking government officials are referred to as 官 (kan), low-ranking ones are called 吏 (ri).

Readings

Go-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kan-on: り (ri, Jōyō)
Kun: つかさ (tsukasa, 吏)

References

Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 吏 (MC liH). Recorded as Middle Korean 리〯 (lǐ) (Yale: li) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 吏 (eumhun 벼슬아치 리 (byeoseurachi ri), South Korea 벼슬아치 이 (byeoseurachi i))

Hanja form^? of 리/이 (“government official”).

Compounds

서리 (胥吏, seori)
이서 (吏胥, iseo)
관리 (官吏, gwalli)
옥리 (獄吏, ongni)
이두 (吏讀, idu)
탐관오리 (貪官汚吏, tamgwanori)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

吏: Hán Nôm readings: lại[1], lưỡi[2]

(only in compound quan lại) chữ Hán form of lại (“government official”).
Nôm form of lại (“again”).

References

Viện Nghiên cứu Hán Nôm.
Hồ (1976).

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[Viện_Nghiên_cứu_Hán_Nôm-1] Viện Nghiên cứu Hán Nôm.

[btcn-2] Hồ (1976).