家人

Chinese

		home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools	man; person; people
simp. and trad. (家人)		家	人
anagram		人家

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiārén

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚㄖㄣˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaa¹ jan⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ga¹ ngin³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kâ-ngìn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ka-jîn / ka-lîn / kia-gîn
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹cia-zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiārén
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚㄖㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiarén
  - Wade–Giles: chia¹-jên²
  - Yale: jyā-rén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaren
  - Palladius: цзяжэнь (czjažɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ ʐən³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    佳人
    家人
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaa¹ jan⁴
  - Yale: gā yàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa¹ jan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga¹ yen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː⁵⁵ jɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ga¹ ngin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³ ᵑɡin²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ-ngìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga´ nginˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga¹ ngin²
  - Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴ ŋin¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-jîn
  - Tâi-lô: ka-jîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kajiin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ zin²³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka-lîn
  - Tâi-lô: ka-lîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaliin
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka⁴⁴⁻³³ lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia-gîn
  - Tâi-lô: kia-gîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kia'giin
  - IPA (Longyan): /kia³³⁴ ɡin¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹cia-zen
  - MiniDict: cia^平 zen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jia-zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia⁵⁵ zən²¹/

Middle Chinese: kae nyin

Rime
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古牙切	如鄰切
Baxter	kae	nyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa/	/ȵiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa/	/ȵin/
Shao Rongfen	/ka/	/ȵʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ/	/ȵin/
Li Rong	/ka/	/ȵiĕn/
Wang Li	/ka/	/ȵʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ka/	/ȵʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiā	rén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa¹	jan⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤra ni[ŋ]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraː njin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiā	rén
Middle Chinese	‹ kæ ›	‹ nyin ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁra/	/*ni[ŋ]/
English	household	(other) person
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	家	人
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5919	10800
Phonetic component	家	人
Rime group	魚	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	嘉	仁
Old Chinese	/*kraː/	/*njin/

Noun

家人

one's family or family members
您家人身體都好嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
您家人身体都好吗？ [MSC, simp.]
Nín jiārén shēntǐ dōu hǎo ma? [Pinyin]
Is everyone in your family well?
- 之子于歸，宜其家人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  之子于归，宜其家人。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zhī zǐ yú guī, yí qí jiārén. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Classical) ordinary people; commoner; plebeian; civilian; everyday person; person of humble birth
(Classical) domestic servant
37th hexagram of the I Ching (䷤)

Synonyms

(family members):

六親／六亲 (liùqīn)
室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
家室 (jiāshì)
家屬／家属 (jiāshǔ)
家庭成員／家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán)
家裡人／家里人 (jiālǐrén)
屋下人 (Hakka)
屋企人 (uk¹ kei² jan⁴) (Cantonese)
親人／亲人 (qīnrén)
親屬／亲属 (qīnshǔ)
親戚／亲戚

(ordinary people):

一般人 (yībānrén)
世人 (shìrén)
世間人／世间人 (Hokkien)
人士 (rénshì) (literary)
人民 (rénmín)
人群 (rénqún)
人萌 (rénméng) (literary)
俗人 (súrén)
俗子 (súzǐ) (literary)
𫣆人 (Hakka)
兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic)
公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng)
凡人 (fánrén)
凡夫 (fánfū) (literary)
匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary)
四眾人／四众人 (Teochew)
士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
大眾／大众 (dàzhòng)
子民 (zǐmín) (historical)
布衣 (bùyī) (historical)
常人 (chángrén)
平人 (píngrén) (literary)
平常人 (píngchángrén)
平民 (píngmín)
庶人 (shùrén) (literary)
庶民 (shùmín) (literary)
斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese)
普通人 (pǔtōngrén)
民人 (mínrén) (literary)
民眾／民众 (mínzhòng)
烝民 (zhēngmín) (literary)
白衣 (báiyī) (historical)
白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical)
白身 (báishēn) (archaic)
白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic)
百姓
眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary)
萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)
群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng)
老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng)
良人 (liángrén) (literary)
草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people)
草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative)
草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative)
萌 (literary)
野人 (yěrén) (archaic)
黎庶 (líshù) (literary)
黎民 (límín) (literary)
黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic)
黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic)

(domestic servant):

使人 (literary)
傭人／佣人
僕人／仆人 (púrén)
僕役／仆役 (púyì)
僕隸／仆隶 (púlì) (literary)
太保 (tàibǎo) (literary, honorific)
奴僕／奴仆 (núpú)
奴役 (núyì) (literary)
底下人 (dǐxiarén)
臣僕／臣仆 (chénpú) (literary)
蒼頭／苍头 (cŏng-tàu) (Eastern Min, dated, derogatory)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
家	人
け Grade: 2	にん Grade: 1

Noun

家(け)人(にん) • (kenin)

(dated) one's family, (especially) one's wife
household; family and servants living within a house
(dated) household servants; retainers living in or frequently entering a noble family's house
(historical) a social rank just above 奴婢(ぬひ) (nuhi, “servant class”) [7th to 10th century]
(historical) alternative form of 御家人 (gokenin, “vassal”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
家	人
か Grade: 2	じん Grade: 1

Noun

家(か)人(じん) • (kajin)

the family, one's family

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