魚

See also: 鱼, 漁, and 鱻
魚 U+9B5A, 魚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B5A
← 魙
[U+9B59] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 魛 →
[U+9B5B]
⿂ U+2FC2, ⿂
KANGXI RADICAL FISH
← ⿁
[U+2FC1] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿃ →
[U+2FC3]

Translingual
Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

魚 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓田火 (NWF), four-corner 27336, composition ⿳⺈田灬)

  1. Kangxi radical #195, ⿂.

Derived characters
  • Appendix:Chinese radical/魚
  • 𠽐, 𡐚, 𡠵, 𢐗, 𢠐, 𢳶, 漁, 𣊘, 龽, 䐳, 䁩, 𣩕, 𮃣, 䗨, 𨢭, 𠓈, 𨫷, 𩥭
  • 𫑨, 穌, 䔡, 𪽟, 𩅔, 𢊧, 𤹿, 𫊣, 𢖍, 𨶢, 𪗏, 𭍯, 㱎

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1465, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45956
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1998, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4674, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9B5A

Chinese
trad. 魚
simp. 鱼
alternative forms 𤉯
𤋳
𩵋
𮫬

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 魚
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (魚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蘇 *sŋaː
穌 *sŋaː
魚 *ŋa
漁 *ŋa
䱷 *ŋa

Pictogram (象形) – a fish.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja. Cognate with 漁 (OC *ŋa, “to fish”).

Pronunciation

Note: ngui3-4* - standalone word for "fish".
Note:
  • hî/hû/hîr - vernacular;
  • gû/gîr/gî - literary.
    Note:
    • he5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Jieyang;
    • hu5 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
        • (Leizhou)
          • Leizhou Pinyin: hu5 / yi5
          • Sinological IPA: /hu²²/, /zi²²/
      Note:
      • hu5 - vernacular;
      • yi5 - literary.
        • Wu
          • (Shanghai)
            • Wugniu: 6ng; 6yu
            • MiniDict: ng去; yu去
            • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhngg; 3hhy
            • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋ̍²³/, /ɦy²³/
          • (Suzhou)
            • Wugniu: 2ng; 2yu
            • MiniDict: ng平; yu平
            • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ŋ̍²²³/, /ɦy²²³/
        Note:
        • (Shanghainese) 6ng, (Suzhounese) 2ng - colloquial;
        • (Shanghainese) 6yu, (Suzhounese) 2yu - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 魚
Mandarin Beijing /y³⁵/
Harbin /y²⁴/
Tianjin /y⁴⁵/
Jinan /y⁴²/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y⁴²/
Xi'an /y²⁴/
Xining /y²⁴/
Yinchuan /y⁵³/
Lanzhou /y⁵³/
Ürümqi /y⁵¹/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /y³¹/
Guiyang /i²¹/
Kunming /i³¹/
Nanjing /y²⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /y¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵy¹³/
Hohhot /y³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ŋ̍²³/
/ɦy²³/
Suzhou /ɦy¹³/
/ŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋøy³¹/
Hui Shexian /ny⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵy⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵie⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /n̩¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋ̍¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gu³⁵/
/hi³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³¹/
/hu³¹/
Rime
Character 魚
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語居切
Baxter ngjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiɔ/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 魚
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r.ŋ]a/
English fish (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 魚
Reading # 1/1
No. 15939
Phonetic
component		 魚
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 魚
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋa/

Definitions

魚

  1. fish (Classifier: 條／条 m c; 尾 m h mn)
  2. fish (as a food)
  3. (～日) (telegraphy) the sixth day of a month
  4. † Alternative form of 漁／渔 (yú)
  5. † Alternative form of 吾 (OC *ŋaː).
  6. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 魚 (“fish”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 魚
Mandarin Beijing 魚
Taiwan 魚
Yantai (Muping) 魚
Jinan 魚
Luoyang 魚
Wanrong 魚
Xi'an 魚
Yinchuan 魚
Lanzhou 魚兒
Xining 魚兒, 魚娃兒
Ürümqi 魚
Wuhan 魚
Chengdu 魚, 擺尾子
Guiyang 魚
Guilin 魚
Liuzhou 魚
Xuzhou 魚
Yangzhou 魚
Nanjing 魚
Hefei 魚
Singapore 魚
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 魚
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 魚
Cantonese Guangzhou 魚
Hong Kong 魚
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 魚
Macau 魚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 魚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 魚
Guangzhou (Conghua) 魚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 魚
Foshan 魚
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 魚
Foshan (Shunde) 魚
Foshan (Sanshui) 魚
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 魚
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 魚
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 魚
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 魚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 魚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 魚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 魚
Taishan 魚
Kaiping (Chikan) 魚
Enping (Niujiang) 魚
Heshan (Yayao) 魚
Dongguan 魚
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 魚
Yangjiang 魚
Singapore (Guangfu) 魚
Gan Nanchang 魚
Lichuan 魚
Pingxiang 魚仔, 魚
Hakka Meixian 魚仔, 魚
Dabu (Xihe) 魚仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 魚
Dongguan (Qingxi) 魚
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 魚
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 魚
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 魚
Wuhua (Huacheng) 魚哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 魚哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 魚哩
Conghua (Lütian) 魚
Jiexi 魚
Luhe 魚
Changting 魚
Yongding 魚
Yongding (Xiayang) 魚
Yongding (Gaobei) 魚
Yongding (Hukeng) 魚
Wuping (Zhongshan) 魚
Liancheng (Peitian) 魚
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 魚
Yudu 魚子, 魚
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 魚仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 魚仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 魚仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 魚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 魚仔, 魚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 魚
Sabah (Longchuan) 魚
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 魚
Bangkok (Meixian) 魚仔
Bangkok (Fengshun) 魚
Huizhou Jixi 魚
Jin Taiyuan 魚
Xinzhou 魚兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 魚
Eastern Min Fuzhou 魚
Southern Min Xiamen 魚
Quanzhou 魚
Jinjiang 魚
Shishi 魚
New Taipei (Tamsui) 魚
New Taipei (Pingxi) 魚
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 魚
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 魚
Yilan (Toucheng) 魚
Tainan 魚
Tainan (Anping) 魚
Penghu (Xiyu) 魚
Singapore (Hokkien) 魚
Manila (Hokkien) 魚
Chaozhou 魚
Singapore (Teochew) 魚
Leizhou 魚
Haikou 魚
Singapore (Hainanese) 魚
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 魚
Sanxiang 魚
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 魚
Wu Shanghai 魚, 啊魚
Shanghai (Chongming) 魚
Suzhou 魚
Danyang 魚
Hangzhou 魚
Wenzhou 魚
Xiang Changsha 魚
Shuangfeng 魚

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (魚):
  • → Japanese: 魚(ぎょ) (gyo)
  • → Korean: 어(魚) (eo)
  • → Vietnamese: ngư (魚)

References

Japanese

Kanji
魚

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1

魚 (sakana): a fish used as a side dish
Kanji in this term
魚
さかな
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
肴

Cognate with 肴 (sakana, “side dish of meat or vegetables usually served with alcoholic beverages”), itself a compound of Old Japanese-derived elements 酒 (saka, bound apophonic form of sake2, “alcoholic beverage, especially sake”) +‎ 肴, 菜, 魚 (na, “generic term for a side dish, especially vegetables, fish, or other meat”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

魚(さかな) • (sakana) 

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    庭(にわ)で美(お)味(い)しい魚(さかな)を食(た)べた。
    Niwa de oishii sakana o tabeta.
    I ate a delicious fish in the garden.
    • 2000 January 27, “レインボー・フィッシュ [Rainbow Fish]”, in Vol.7, Konami:
      世(よ)にも珍(めずら)しい七(なな)色(いろ)の魚(さかな)。捕(つか)まえるのはかなり難(むずか)しい。
      Yonimo mezurashii nanairo no sakana. Tsukamaeru no wa kanari muzukashii.
      An extremely rare seven-colored fish. It is quite difficult to catch.
    • 2011 May 14, “半(はん)魚(ぎょ)獣(じゅう)・フィッシャービースト [Semi-Ichthyobestia Fisherbeast]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
      陸(りく)では獣(けもの)のように、海(うみ)では魚(さかな)のように素(す)早(ばや)く攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
      Riku de wa kemono no yō ni, umi de wa sakana no yō ni subayaku kōgeki suru.
      Like a beast on land, like a fish in the sea, he attacks swiftly.
  2. a side dish, specifically referring to fish
    Synonym: お菜 (okazu)
Usage notes
  • This is now the most common general word for fish in modern standard Japanese.
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

魚 (uo): a fish
Kanji in this term
魚
うお
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/uwo/ → /uo/

From Old Japanese.[4][5]

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *uwo.

Pronunciation
Dialectal data

Modern dialectal data

Note: The information are extracted per se, in a broad IPA transcription by the author. There may be inaccuracies in the data. For Hachijō and Ryukyuan data, see their corresponding entries.

/ɯ̈/ is a described as a "central vowel", but the precise transcription is unclear.

Data source (unless missing): Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院)


Other dialectal data

Kagoshima (1987) iu, Gifu (Hida) iuo, Toyama (1959), Fukui, Fukui (Ōban), Minami-Ise, Kishū, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Hiroshima, Tokushima, Tosa, Shimabara (1953), Ōita, Ōsumi, Kagoshima (1987) io, Fukushima, Saitama (1989), Izu Ōshima, Hachijō, Shima, Kagoshima (1987) iyo, Sanuki, Setouchi, Tsushima, Kumamoto (1942), Kagoshima (1987) iwo, Sanuki ugo, Ishikawa, Tottori eo, Fukushima oyo, Fukui (Ōban), Shizuoka, Shima, Minami Ise, Yamato, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, Sanuki, Iyo yuo, Shizuoka yuō, Akita, Izu Ōshima, Hachijō yo, Yamgata yoi, Saitama, Tokyo, Fukui, Shizuoka, Tottori, Shimane yō, Iwate yoko.[5]


Noun

魚(うお) • (uo) ←うを (wo)?

  1. a fish
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Idioms
  • 魚(うお)と水(みず) (uo to mizu)
  • 魚(うお)の木(き)に登(のぼ)る如(ごと)し (uo no ki ni noboru gotoshi)
  • 魚(うお)の水(みず)を得(え)たよう (uo no mizu o etayou)
  • 魚(うお)の水(みず)を離(はな)れたよう (uo no mizu o hanaretayou)
Proverbs
Proverbs

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
魚
いお
Grade: 2
irregular

/uwo/ → /iwo/ → /io/

Alteration of older uo, appearing from roughly the Heian period. Alternatively this might be the usage of an apophonic form *iwo; compare Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo.

Still used today in some dialects.[7]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [io̞]

Noun

魚(いお) • (io) ←いを (iwo)?

  1. (archaic or dialectal, Kagoshima) a fish
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 魚(いお)亀(がめ) (iogame)
  • 魚(いお)鋤(すき) (iosuki)
  • 魚(いお)捕(と)り (iotori)
  • 魚(いお)の目(め) (io no me), 魚(いお)目(め) (iome)
  • 上(あ)げ魚(いお) (ageio)
  • 氷(こおり)の魚(いお) (kōri no io)
  • 雀(すずめ)魚(いお) (suzumeio)
  • 針(はり)魚(いお) (harīo)
  • 干(ひ)魚(いお) (hīo)
  • 藻(も)魚(いお) (moio)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
魚
ぎょ
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ɡʲo̞]

Noun

魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

  1. a fish
  2. Short for 魚鱗 (gyorin): fish scales

Affix

魚(ぎょ) • (gyo) 

  1. fish
  2. fishlike
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  4. Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 139
  5. “うお［うを］ 【魚】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  6. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. “いお［いを］ 【魚】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 魚 (MC ngjo).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448ᅌᅥᆼ (Yale: ngè)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527고기〮 (Yale: kwòkí)어 (Yale: è)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource 魚 (eumhun 물고기 어 (mulgogi eo))

  1. Hanja form? of 어 (“fish”). [affix]

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji
魚

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

/ʔiu/ → /ʔiːu/ → /ʔiju/

Shift from iu below.

Pronunciation

Noun

魚(いゆ) (iyu) 

  1. a fish
    魚(いゆ)取(とぅ)いが行(い)ちゅん。
    Iyu tuiga ichun.
    I will go catch a fish.
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Ryukyuan *iwo, from Proto-Japonic *iwo, apophonic form of *uwo. Cognate with Old Japanese 魚 (uwo).

Compare modern dialectal mainland Japanese 魚 (io), first appearing in print and becoming common from the Heian period, but likely extant earlier.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ʔiu]

Noun

魚(いう) (iu) 

  1. a fish

References
  1. Okinawan Dictionary Data Collection

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

魚 (uwo) (kana うを)

  1. a fish
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Japanese: 魚 (uo, io)

Etymology 2

Cognate with 肴 (na, “side dish”),[1][2][3] by extension that can refer to any kind of meat.

Noun

魚 (na) (kana な)

  1. a fish, especially when used as food
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, first variant poem 869, first variant:
      , text here
      多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯 伊志遠多礼美吉
      tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi-ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare mi1ki1
      Who saw the rock that rose up against us as we tried to catch the fish [or “catching sweetfishes”] belonging to the empress?
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Japanese: 魚 (sakana)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

魚: Hán Việt readings: ngư (語(ngữ)居(cư)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
魚: Nôm readings: ngơ[1][2][3][4], ngư[1][2][3], ngớ[1][4], ngừ[3][4]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngư (“fish”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).

Yonaguni

Kanji
魚

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [iju]

Noun

魚(いゆ) (iyu) 

  1. fish

Derived terms

Yoron

Kanji
魚

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Noun

魚(っゆー) (yyū) 

  1. fish
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