主義

See also: 主义

Chinese
 
to own; to host; master
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
 justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (主義) 主 義
simp. (主义) 主 义

Etymology
"position, stance"
From Records of the Grand Historian:
敢犯顏色以達主義，不顧其身。為國家樹長畫。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
敢犯颜色以达主义，不顾其身。为国家树长画。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
Gǎn fàn yánsè yǐ dá zhǔyì, bùgù qí shēn. Wèi guójiā shù chánghuà. [Pinyin]
[One] dared to insult the dignified face [of the Sovereign], so one could make [the Sovereign] understand [one's] positions; one did not care for one's own life, but made long-term plans for the state.
"doctrine, ideology"
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 主義(しゅぎ) (shugi)?”

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 之庾切 宜寄切
Baxter tsyuX ngjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕɨoX/ /ŋˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋiɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cuə̆X/ /ŋjiə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕioX/ /ŋjeH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭuX/ /ŋǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯uX/ /ŋie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhǔ yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zyu2 ji6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhǔ yì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyuX › ‹ ngjeH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*toʔ/ /*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English master; host duty; justice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17618 13045
Phonetic
component		 主 我
Rime
group		 侯 歌
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 主 議
Old
Chinese		 /*tjoʔ/ /*ŋrals/

Noun

主義

  1. (chiefly as a suffix) doctrine; ideology; -ism
    社會主義／社会主义  ―  shèhuì zhǔyì  ―  socialism
  2. (literary) position; stance

Usage notes

Hans van Ess translates 主義／主义 (zhǔyì) in Shiji as "the right conduct of a ruler".[1]

Synonyms
  • (doctrine):

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → Zhuang: cujyi

See also

Verb

主義

  1. (Classical) to uphold righteousness

References
  1. Van Ess, Hans (transl.) "Sequence of his Honor, the Grand Scribe’s Own [History], Memoir 70"; in Sima Qian (author) & Nienhauser, W. H. Jr. (ed.), (2019) The Grand Scribe's Records - Volume XI: The Memoirs of Han China, Part IV. Publisher: Indiana University Press.

Japanese
Kanji in this term
主 義
しゅ
Grade: 3		 ぎ
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Etymology

From Literary Chinese 主義 (zhǔyì), attested in the Records of the Grand Historian[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (shugi) 

  1. a principle or set of principles; a doctrine; an ism
    あの人(ひと)は主(しゅ)義(ぎ)に基(もと)づいて契(けい)約(やく)を拒(きょ)絶(ぜつ)するはずです。
    Ano hito wa shugi ni motozuite keiyaku o kyozetsu suru hazu desu.
    I expect they will reject the contract on principle.

Suffix

主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (-shugi) 

  1. -ism

Derived terms

Descendants

References
  1. 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 408
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean
Hanja in this term
主義

Noun

主義 • (juui) (hangeul 주의)

  1. Hanja form? of 주의 (“-ism”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
主義

Noun

主義

  1. chữ Hán form of chủ nghĩa (“-ism; doctrine”).
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