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Arabic
Pronunciation
Letter
و / و • (wāw)
Symbol
و / و • (wāw)
See also
- (Arabic script letters) ا (ʔalif), ب (bāʔ), ت (tāʔ), ث (ṯāʔ), ج (jīm), ح (ḥāʔ), خ (ḵāʔ), د (dāl), ذ (ḏāl), ر (rāʔ), ز (zāy), س (sīn), ش (šīn), ص (ṣād), ض (ḍād), ط (ṭāʔ), ظ (ẓāʔ), ع (ʕayn), غ (ḡayn), ف (fāʔ), ق (qāf), ك (kāf), ل (lām), م (mīm), ن (nūn), ه (hāʔ), و (wāw), ي (yāʔ)
- ؤ (ʔ)
- Wikipedia article on the Arabic alphabet
- Search for entries beginning with و
Etymology 2
From Proto-Semitic *wa. Cognate with Hebrew וְ־ (wə-).
Conjunction
وَ • (wa)
- and, "comma", "semi-colon"; a divider of words or clauses, particle of connection or continuation often unnecessary to render in translation
- while, at the same time, and also do, simultaneously, to do this and to do that concurrently
- لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ ― lā taʔkuli s-samaka wa-tašraba l-labana ― Do not eat fish and drink dairy; (Proverb about illnesses coming from bad combinations; originally the supposed increased risk of contracting leprosy, a myth stemming from fish scales and the white color of milk.)
- لَا تَنْهَ عَنْ خُلُقٍ وَتَأْتِيَ مِثْلَهُ ― lā tanha ʕan ḵuluqin wa-taʔtiya miṯlahu ― Do not say to stay away from a behavior, while you come with the likes of it; (Practice what you preach.)
- particle of rephrasing or marking a clause of adposition; and in other words, that is to say, additionally called, i.e.
- with, and also, additionally (with following accusative)
- (mathematics) +, added to
- particle denoting an oath (with following genitive)
- وَٱللّٰهِ ― wa-llāhi ― By God; And I swear by God
Usage notes
- Arabic conjunctions and prepositions that have only one letter, such as وَ (wa), are written as a prefix.
- The connection to the following word may however exceptionally be cut off by quotation marks enclosing foreign terms, emoji and similar intrusions of meta elements in the language of the internet.
- Sometimes editions of Arabic texts procured in Iran do not adhere to the rules, instead following the non-joining practice of Persian و (va, o, “and”).
- Arabic tends to use the conjunctions وَ (wa) and أَو (ʔaw, “or”) between every conjunct in a list, contrasting with the English tendency to only use and and or between the final two.
- كُتُبٌ وَطُرُودٌ وَأَوْرَاقٌ
- kutubun wa-ṭurūdun wa-ʔawrāqun
- books, parcels, and papers
- (literally, “books and parcels and papers”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /wa/ (MSA)
Audio (file)
Preposition
وَ • (wa) (with a following accusative)
- with
- سِرْتُ وَطُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ ― sirtu wa-ṭulūʕa l-fajri ― I got out with sunrise.
- أَنَا وَإيّاكُم ― ʔanā wa-ʔiyyākum ― I with you
Interfix
ـَوـ • (-aw-)
Balti
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /w/, [w]
Letter
و (transliteration needed)
- The forty-second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script
Burushaski
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /w/, /oː/
Chagatai
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾʿd /ud/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾʿ /u/), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a /utā/, “and”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u.
Hijazi Arabic
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /waːw/
- (phonemes): IPA(key): /w/, /uː/, /oː/, /u/
Letter
و • (wāw)
Forms
Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /u/, /w-/
Kashmiri
Forms
Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
Kazakh
Alternative scripts | |
---|---|
Arabic | و |
Cyrillic | О, о/Ө, ө |
Latin | O, o/Ö, ö |
Yañalif | O, o/Ɵ, ɵ |
Pronunciation
Letter
و • (o, ö)
Forms
Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
Usage notes
Malay
Pronunciation
- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [wau̯]
- (Phoneme, Consonant) IPA(key): [w]
- (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable initial, obsolete) IPA(key): [w], [v]
- (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable final, obsolete) IPA(key): [w], [f]
- (Phoneme, Vowel) IPA(key): [u], [o], [ɔ]
- (Phoneme, Vowel, Closed ultima) IPA(key): [o], [ɔ]
North Levantine Arabic
Ottoman Turkish
Letter
و • (vav)
- A letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet.
Descendants
- Turkish: ve
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ve”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “و”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2119
Pashto
Pronunciation
- (letter name): IPA(key): /wɑw/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/
Letter
و • (wâw)
- The thirty-eighth letter of the Pashto alphabet.
Forms
Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Dari) IPA(key): /wɑːw/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /vɑːv/
Letter
و / وـ / ـوـ / ـو • (vâv)
- The thirtieth letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ن and followed by ه. Its name is واو.
Etymology 1
From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾʿd /ud/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾʿ /u/); from Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a /utā/, “and”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u. Presumed to be influenced by and to some degree conflated with Arabic وَ (wa).
Pronunciation
(predominant in context)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿u]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [‿ʊ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [‿ʊ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [‿u]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿o]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿u]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ‿u |
Dari reading? | ‿u |
Iranian reading? | ‿o |
Tajik reading? | ‿u |
audio (Iranian Persian) (file)
(predominant after a pause)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [wa]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [wä]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [wä]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [wä]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʋæ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [vä]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | wa |
Dari reading? | wa |
Iranian reading? | ʋa |
Tajik reading? | va |
Conjunction
Dari | و |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | у, ва |
و • (o, va)
- and
- 21st century, Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
- گر چه جیب و جام من از مال و مِی تُهیست.
- Gar če jib o jām-e man az māl o mey tohist.
- Although my pocket and my cup are empty of money and wine.
- Gar če jib o jām-e man az māl o mey tohist.
- گر چه جیب و جام من از مال و مِی تُهیست.
- 21st century, Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
Usage notes
- The Persian و (va) conjunction is not commonly joined to the following word in (contemporary) spelling.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /o/
South Levantine Arabic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /w/, [w]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Conjunction
و • (w-)
Usage notes
- The pronunciation varies by phonological context. It becomes u- before a single consonant (optional if the preceding word ends in a vowel) and we- before a consonant cluster.
Tunisian Arabic
Conjunction
و (u)
- and
- حَاجْتِي بْقْلَمْ وكَرّاسَة ― ḥājtī b-qlam u karrāsa ― I need a pencil and a copy-book.
Urdu
Pronunciation
- (letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʋɑːʋ/
- (phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʋ/, /uː/, /oː/, /ɔː/
Forms
Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa, u).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʋə/, /oː/
Ushojo
Letter
و (wāw)
- The thirty-ninth of the Ushojo abjad.
Yoruba
Letter
و (w)
Forms
Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |