علم

See also: غلم and ع ل م

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ع ل م (ʕ-l-m)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.li.ma/

Verb

عَلِمَ • (ʕalima) I, non-past يَعْلَمُ‎ (yaʕlamu)

(transitive) to know, to have knowledge, to be cognizant, to be aware
to be informed, to be familiar, to be acquainted
to perceive, to discern, to find out, to learn

Conjugation

Conjugation of

عَلِمَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun عِلْم)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					عِلْم ʕilm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					عَالِم ʕālim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَعْلُوم maʕlūm
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلِمْتُ ʕalimtu	عَلِمْتَ ʕalimta	عَلِمَ ʕalima	عَلِمْتُمَا ʕalimtumā	عَلِمَا ʕalimā	عَلِمْنَا ʕalimnā	عَلِمْتُمْ ʕalimtum	عَلِمُوا ʕalimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلِمْتُ ʕalimtu	عَلِمْتِ ʕalimti	عَلِمَتْ ʕalimat	عَلِمْتُمَا ʕalimtumā	عَلِمَتَا ʕalimatā	عَلِمْنَا ʕalimnā	عَلِمْتُنَّ ʕalimtunna	عَلِمْنَ ʕalimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَعْلَمُ ʔaʕlamu	تَعْلَمُ taʕlamu	يَعْلَمُ yaʕlamu	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	يَعْلَمَانِ yaʕlamāni	نَعْلَمُ naʕlamu	تَعْلَمُونَ taʕlamūna	يَعْلَمُونَ yaʕlamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَعْلَمُ ʔaʕlamu	تَعْلَمِينَ taʕlamīna	تَعْلَمُ taʕlamu	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	تَعْلَمَانِ taʕlamāni	نَعْلَمُ naʕlamu	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَعْلَمَ ʔaʕlama	تَعْلَمَ taʕlama	يَعْلَمَ yaʕlama	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	يَعْلَمَا yaʕlamā	نَعْلَمَ naʕlama	تَعْلَمُوا taʕlamū	يَعْلَمُوا yaʕlamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَعْلَمَ ʔaʕlama	تَعْلَمِي taʕlamī	تَعْلَمَ taʕlama	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	نَعْلَمَ naʕlama	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَعْلَمْ ʔaʕlam	تَعْلَمْ taʕlam	يَعْلَمْ yaʕlam	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	يَعْلَمَا yaʕlamā	نَعْلَمْ naʕlam	تَعْلَمُوا taʕlamū	يَعْلَمُوا yaʕlamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَعْلَمْ ʔaʕlam	تَعْلَمِي taʕlamī	تَعْلَمْ taʕlam	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	تَعْلَمَا taʕlamā	نَعْلَمْ naʕlam	تَعْلَمْنَ taʕlamna	يَعْلَمْنَ yaʕlamna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِعْلَمْ iʕlam		اِعْلَمَا iʕlamā			اِعْلَمُوا iʕlamū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِعْلَمِي iʕlamī		اِعْلَمَا iʕlamā			اِعْلَمْنَ iʕlamna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُلِمْتُ ʕulimtu	عُلِمْتَ ʕulimta	عُلِمَ ʕulima	عُلِمْتُمَا ʕulimtumā	عُلِمَا ʕulimā	عُلِمْنَا ʕulimnā	عُلِمْتُمْ ʕulimtum	عُلِمُوا ʕulimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عُلِمْتُ ʕulimtu	عُلِمْتِ ʕulimti	عُلِمَتْ ʕulimat	عُلِمْتُمَا ʕulimtumā	عُلِمَتَا ʕulimatā	عُلِمْنَا ʕulimnā	عُلِمْتُنَّ ʕulimtunna	عُلِمْنَ ʕulimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعْلَمُ ʔuʕlamu	تُعْلَمُ tuʕlamu	يُعْلَمُ yuʕlamu	تُعْلَمَانِ tuʕlamāni	يُعْلَمَانِ yuʕlamāni	نُعْلَمُ nuʕlamu	تُعْلَمُونَ tuʕlamūna	يُعْلَمُونَ yuʕlamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعْلَمُ ʔuʕlamu	تُعْلَمِينَ tuʕlamīna	تُعْلَمُ tuʕlamu	تُعْلَمَانِ tuʕlamāni	تُعْلَمَانِ tuʕlamāni	نُعْلَمُ nuʕlamu	تُعْلَمْنَ tuʕlamna	يُعْلَمْنَ yuʕlamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعْلَمَ ʔuʕlama	تُعْلَمَ tuʕlama	يُعْلَمَ yuʕlama	تُعْلَمَا tuʕlamā	يُعْلَمَا yuʕlamā	نُعْلَمَ nuʕlama	تُعْلَمُوا tuʕlamū	يُعْلَمُوا yuʕlamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعْلَمَ ʔuʕlama	تُعْلَمِي tuʕlamī	تُعْلَمَ tuʕlama	تُعْلَمَا tuʕlamā	تُعْلَمَا tuʕlamā	نُعْلَمَ nuʕlama	تُعْلَمْنَ tuʕlamna	يُعْلَمْنَ yuʕlamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعْلَمْ ʔuʕlam	تُعْلَمْ tuʕlam	يُعْلَمْ yuʕlam	تُعْلَمَا tuʕlamā	يُعْلَمَا yuʕlamā	نُعْلَمْ nuʕlam	تُعْلَمُوا tuʕlamū	يُعْلَمُوا yuʕlamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعْلَمْ ʔuʕlam	تُعْلَمِي tuʕlamī	تُعْلَمْ tuʕlam	تُعْلَمَا tuʕlamā	تُعْلَمَا tuʕlamā	نُعْلَمْ nuʕlam	تُعْلَمْنَ tuʕlamna	يُعْلَمْنَ yuʕlamna

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕal.la.ma/

Verb

عَلَّمَ • (ʕallama) II, non-past يُعَلِّمُ‎ (yuʕallimu)

(ditransitive) to teach, to instruct, to train, to educate
المعلم يعلم الطلاب الرياضيات.
Al-muʕallim yuʕallimu at-ṭullāb ar-riyāḍiyyāt.
The teacher teaches the students mathematics.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 26:49:
  إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ فَلَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ
  ʔinnahu lakabīrukumu allaḏī ʕallamakumu as-siḥra falasawfa taʕlamūna
  He is indeed your chief who has taught you magic! Soon you will know!
(transitive) to designate, to mark, to earmark

Conjugation

Conjugation of

عَلَّمَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَعْلِيم taʕlīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُعَلِّم muʕallim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُعَلَّم muʕallam
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عَلَّمْتُ ʕallamtu	عَلَّمْتَ ʕallamta	عَلَّمَ ʕallama	عَلَّمْتُمَا ʕallamtumā	عَلَّمَا ʕallamā	عَلَّمْنَا ʕallamnā	عَلَّمْتُمْ ʕallamtum	عَلَّمُوا ʕallamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عَلَّمْتُ ʕallamtu	عَلَّمْتِ ʕallamti	عَلَّمَتْ ʕallamat	عَلَّمْتُمَا ʕallamtumā	عَلَّمَتَا ʕallamatā	عَلَّمْنَا ʕallamnā	عَلَّمْتُنَّ ʕallamtunna	عَلَّمْنَ ʕallamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَلِّمُ ʔuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمُ tuʕallimu	يُعَلِّمُ yuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	يُعَلِّمَانِ yuʕallimāni	نُعَلِّمُ nuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمُونَ tuʕallimūna	يُعَلِّمُونَ yuʕallimūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعَلِّمُ ʔuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمِينَ tuʕallimīna	تُعَلِّمُ tuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	تُعَلِّمَانِ tuʕallimāni	نُعَلِّمُ nuʕallimu	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَلِّمَ ʔuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَ tuʕallima	يُعَلِّمَ yuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	يُعَلِّمَا yuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمَ nuʕallima	تُعَلِّمُوا tuʕallimū	يُعَلِّمُوا yuʕallimū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعَلِّمَ ʔuʕallima	تُعَلِّمِي tuʕallimī	تُعَلِّمَ tuʕallima	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمَ nuʕallima	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَلِّمْ ʔuʕallim	تُعَلِّمْ tuʕallim	يُعَلِّمْ yuʕallim	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	يُعَلِّمَا yuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمْ nuʕallim	تُعَلِّمُوا tuʕallimū	يُعَلِّمُوا yuʕallimū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعَلِّمْ ʔuʕallim	تُعَلِّمِي tuʕallimī	تُعَلِّمْ tuʕallim	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	تُعَلِّمَا tuʕallimā	نُعَلِّمْ nuʕallim	تُعَلِّمْنَ tuʕallimna	يُعَلِّمْنَ yuʕallimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		عَلِّمْ ʕallim		عَلِّمَا ʕallimā			عَلِّمُوا ʕallimū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		عَلِّمِي ʕallimī		عَلِّمَا ʕallimā			عَلِّمْنَ ʕallimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	عُلِّمْتُ ʕullimtu	عُلِّمْتَ ʕullimta	عُلِّمَ ʕullima	عُلِّمْتُمَا ʕullimtumā	عُلِّمَا ʕullimā	عُلِّمْنَا ʕullimnā	عُلِّمْتُمْ ʕullimtum	عُلِّمُوا ʕullimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	عُلِّمْتُ ʕullimtu	عُلِّمْتِ ʕullimti	عُلِّمَتْ ʕullimat	عُلِّمْتُمَا ʕullimtumā	عُلِّمَتَا ʕullimatā	عُلِّمْنَا ʕullimnā	عُلِّمْتُنَّ ʕullimtunna	عُلِّمْنَ ʕullimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُعَلَّمُ ʔuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمُ tuʕallamu	يُعَلَّمُ yuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	يُعَلَّمَانِ yuʕallamāni	نُعَلَّمُ nuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمُونَ tuʕallamūna	يُعَلَّمُونَ yuʕallamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُعَلَّمُ ʔuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمِينَ tuʕallamīna	تُعَلَّمُ tuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	تُعَلَّمَانِ tuʕallamāni	نُعَلَّمُ nuʕallamu	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُعَلَّمَ ʔuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَ tuʕallama	يُعَلَّمَ yuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	يُعَلَّمَا yuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمَ nuʕallama	تُعَلَّمُوا tuʕallamū	يُعَلَّمُوا yuʕallamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُعَلَّمَ ʔuʕallama	تُعَلَّمِي tuʕallamī	تُعَلَّمَ tuʕallama	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمَ nuʕallama	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُعَلَّمْ ʔuʕallam	تُعَلَّمْ tuʕallam	يُعَلَّمْ yuʕallam	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	يُعَلَّمَا yuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمْ nuʕallam	تُعَلَّمُوا tuʕallamū	يُعَلَّمُوا yuʕallamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُعَلَّمْ ʔuʕallam	تُعَلَّمِي tuʕallamī	تُعَلَّمْ tuʕallam	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	تُعَلَّمَا tuʕallamā	نُعَلَّمْ nuʕallam	تُعَلَّمْنَ tuʕallamna	يُعَلَّمْنَ yuʕallamna

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕilm/
ʿilm (file)

Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm))

verbal noun of عَلِمَ (ʕalima) (form I)
knowledge, learning, lore
cognition, acquaintance
information
perception, knowledge
(plural عُلُوم (ʕulūm)) science
الْعُلُوم
al-ʕulūm
the natural sciences

Declension

Declension of noun عِلْم (ʕilm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِلْم ʕilm	الْعِلْم al-ʕilm	عِلْم ʕilm
Nominative	عِلْمٌ ʕilmun	الْعِلْمُ al-ʕilmu	عِلْمُ ʕilmu
Accusative	عِلْمًا ʕilman	الْعِلْمَ al-ʕilma	عِلْمَ ʕilma
Genitive	عِلْمٍ ʕilmin	الْعِلْمِ al-ʕilmi	عِلْمِ ʕilmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عِلْمَيْن ʕilmayn	الْعِلْمَيْن al-ʕilmayn	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
Nominative	عِلْمَانِ ʕilmāni	الْعِلْمَانِ al-ʕilmāni	عِلْمَا ʕilmā
Accusative	عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni	الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
Genitive	عِلْمَيْنِ ʕilmayni	الْعِلْمَيْنِ al-ʕilmayni	عِلْمَيْ ʕilmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عُلُوم ʕulūm	الْعُلُوم al-ʕulūm	عُلُوم ʕulūm
Nominative	عُلُومٌ ʕulūmun	الْعُلُومُ al-ʕulūmu	عُلُومُ ʕulūmu
Accusative	عُلُومًا ʕulūman	الْعُلُومَ al-ʕulūma	عُلُومَ ʕulūma
Genitive	عُلُومٍ ʕulūmin	الْعُلُومِ al-ʕulūmi	عُلُومِ ʕulūmi

Descendants

→ Avar: гӏелму (ʻelmu)
→ Azerbaijani: elm
→ Bashkir: ғилем (ğilem)
→ Bengali: এলেম (elem)
→ Chechen: ӏилм (ˀilm), ӏилма (ˀilma)
→ Crimean Tatar: илим, ilim
→ Indonesian: ilmu
→ Javanese: èlmu
→ Karachay-Balkar: илму (ilmu)
→ Kazakh: ғылым (ğylym)
→ Kumyk: илму (ilmu)
→ Kyrgyz: илим (ilim)
→ Lezgi: илим (ilim)
→ Malay: ilmu
Maltese: għelm
→ Nogai: илми (ilmi)
→ Ottoman Turkish: علم (ʿilm, ʿilim)
> Turkish: ilim (inherited)
→ Tatar: гыйлем (ğıylem), ğilem
→ Persian: عِلْم ('elm)
→ Turkmen: ylym
→ Urdu: عِلْم ('ilm)
→ Uyghur: ئىلىم (ilim)
→ Uzbek: ilm

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.lam/

Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (plural أَعْلَام (ʔaʕlām))

sign, token, mark, badge
harelip
road sign, guidepost
flag, banner
authority, luminary, star, personage, distinguished man
a mountain
أَشْهَرُ مِنْ نَارٍ عَلَى عَلَم ― ʔašharu min nārin ʕalā ʕalam ― very famous (literally, “more famous than a fire on a mountain”)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:32:
  وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ ٱلْجَوَارِ فِي ٱلْبَحْرِ كَٱلْأَعْلَامِ
  wamin ʔāyātihi l-jawāri fī l-baḥri kal-ʔaʕlāmi
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(grammar, linguistics) proper noun

Declension

Declension of noun عَلَم (ʕalam)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَلَم ʕalam	الْعَلَم al-ʕalam	عَلَم ʕalam
Nominative	عَلَمٌ ʕalamun	الْعَلَمُ al-ʕalamu	عَلَمُ ʕalamu
Accusative	عَلَمًا ʕalaman	الْعَلَمَ al-ʕalama	عَلَمَ ʕalama
Genitive	عَلَمٍ ʕalamin	الْعَلَمِ al-ʕalami	عَلَمِ ʕalami
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَلَمَيْن ʕalamayn	الْعَلَمَيْن al-ʕalamayn	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
Nominative	عَلَمَانِ ʕalamāni	الْعَلَمَانِ al-ʕalamāni	عَلَمَا ʕalamā
Accusative	عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni	الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
Genitive	عَلَمَيْنِ ʕalamayni	الْعَلَمَيْنِ al-ʕalamayni	عَلَمَيْ ʕalamay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām	الْأَعْلَام al-ʔaʕlām	أَعْلَام ʔaʕlām
Nominative	أَعْلَامٌ ʔaʕlāmun	الْأَعْلَامُ al-ʔaʕlāmu	أَعْلَامُ ʔaʕlāmu
Accusative	أَعْلَامًا ʔaʕlāman	الْأَعْلَامَ al-ʔaʕlāma	أَعْلَامَ ʔaʕlāma
Genitive	أَعْلَامٍ ʔaʕlāmin	الْأَعْلَامِ al-ʔaʕlāmi	أَعْلَامِ ʔaʕlāmi

Descendants

→ Ottoman Turkish: علم (ʿalam, ʿalem)
> Turkish: alem (inherited)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕaː.lam/

Noun

عٰلَم • (ʕālam) m

Classical Arabic form of عَالَم (ʕālam)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “علم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕələm/

Noun

عَلَم • (ʕalam) m (before il- عَلَم (ʕalam), plural اَعْلام (aʕlām))

flag, banner, standard

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕɪlm/

Noun

عِلْم • (ʕilm) m (plural عُلوم (ʕulūm))

science, knowledge

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

(phonemic)

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔilm]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔɪlm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔɪlm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔilm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔelm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔilm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ilm
Dari reading^?	ilm
Iranian reading^?	elm
Tajik reading^?	ilm

(phonetic)

(Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): [ʔelm]

Noun


Iranian Persian	علم
Dari	علم
Tajik	илм

عِلْم • ('elm) (plural علوم ('olum))

science (knowledge via the scientific method)
knowledge, science
Synonym: دانش (dâneš)
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3461:
  بینی اندر دل علوم انبیا / بی‌کتاب و بی‌معید و اوستا
  bini andar del 'olum-e anbiyâ / bi-ketâb o bi-mo'id o ustâ
  And behold within thy heart [all] the sciences of the prophets, without book and without preceptor and master.

Derived terms

شبه‌علم (šabe'elmi, “pseudoscience”)
علمی ('elmi, “scientific”)

Related terms

عالم ('âlem, “knowledgeable”)
معلم (mo'allem, “teacher”)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔa.ˈlam]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæ.lǽm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.lǽm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	alam
Dari reading^?	alam
Iranian reading^?	alam
Tajik reading^?	alam

Noun

عَلَم • ('alam) (plural علم‌ها ('alam-hâ))

Synonyms

پرچم (parčam)
درفش (derafš)
نشان (nešân)

Descendants

→ Gujarati: અલમ (alam)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ع ل م
7 terms

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَلَّمَ (ʕallama).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕal.lam/, [ˈʕal.lam]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

علّم • (ʕallam) II (present بعلّم (biʕallem))

to teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of علّم (ʕallam)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّم (ʕallam)	علّمنا (ʕallamna)	علّمتو (ʕallamtu)	علّمو (ʕallamu)
past	f	علّمت (ʕallamt)	علّمتي (ʕallamti)	علّمت (ʕallamat)	علّمنا (ʕallamna)	علّمتو (ʕallamtu)	علّمو (ʕallamu)
present	m	بعلّم (baʕallem)	بتعلّم (bitʕallem)	بعلّم (biʕallem)	منعلّم (minʕallem)	بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu)	بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
present	f	بعلّم (baʕallem)	بتعلّمي (bitʕallmi)	بتعلّم (bitʕallem)	منعلّم (minʕallem)	بتعلّمو (bitʕallmu)	بعلّمو (biʕallmu)
subjunctive	m	اعلّم (aʕallem)	تعلّم (tʕallem)	يعلّم (yʕallem)	نعلّم (nʕallem)	تعلّمو (tʕallmu)	يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
subjunctive	f	اعلّم (aʕallem)	تعلّمي (tʕallmi)	تعلّم (tʕallem)	نعلّم (nʕallem)	تعلّمو (tʕallmu)	يعلّمو (yʕallmu)
imperative	m		علّم (ʕallem)			علّمو (ʕallmu)
imperative	f		علّمي (ʕallmi)			علّمو (ʕallmu)

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕilm/, [ˈʕɪ.l(ɪ)m]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕilm) m (plural علوم (ʕulūm))

knowledge, science
Synonym: معرفة (maʕrife)

على علم ي ― ʕala ʕilmi ― as far as I know

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.lam/, [ˈʕa.lam]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Noun

علم • (ʕalam) m (plural أعلام (ʾaʕlām))

flag

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِلْم (ʕilm).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ɪlm/

Noun

عِلْم • ('ilm) m (Hindi spelling इल्म)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ə.ləm/

Noun

عَلَم • ('alam) m (Hindi spelling अलम)

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