kar
Translingual
English
Noun
kar (plural kars)
Achi
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare with other Mayan – Quichean–Mamean K'iche' kar
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kar/
References
- Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala, Achi - castellano (2000)
- livingdictionaries fish (kar) wav recording 2022
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch kar, from Middle Dutch carre, from Latin carrus or the mediaeval variant carra, from Gaulish carros.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kar/
audio (file)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Albanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kaɾ]
- IPA(key): [kaɹ] (Gheg)
Noun
Declension
Synonyms
Derived terms
- karuc m (diminutive)
References
- Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kar”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
Azerbaijani
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Adjective
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “of a consonant”): cingiltili
Breton
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑːr/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *kar, from Proto-Celtic *karants.
Mutation
The template Template:br-noun-mutation does not use the parameter(s): g=mPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Chuukese
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkar]
Declension
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ka/, [kʰɑ]
- Rhymes: -ar
Inflection
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kar” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “kar” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑr/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: kar
- Rhymes: -ɑr
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch carre, from Latin carrus or the mediaeval variant carra, from Gaulish carros. Doublet of ros.
Noun
Synonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkɒr]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɒr
Etymology 1
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *karï (“forearm”)[1] via Bulgar,[2][3] compare Chuvash хур (hur, “span”).[4]
Noun
kar (plural karok)
- arm (upper limb of a human or animal)
- lever (a rod with one end fixed, which can be pulled to trigger or control a mechanical device)
- crank (bent piece of an axle used to impart a rotation to a mechanical device)
- (only with the suffix -ban (“in”), often preceded by jó (“good”) or rossz (“bad”)) condition (the state or quality; the health status of a medical patient)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kar | karok |
accusative | kart | karokat |
dative | karnak | karoknak |
instrumental | karral | karokkal |
causal-final | karért | karokért |
translative | karrá | karokká |
terminative | karig | karokig |
essive-formal | karként | karokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | karban | karokban |
superessive | karon | karokon |
adessive | karnál | karoknál |
illative | karba | karokba |
sublative | karra | karokra |
allative | karhoz | karokhoz |
elative | karból | karokból |
delative | karról | karokról |
ablative | kartól | karoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
karé | karoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
karéi | karokéi |
Possessive forms of kar | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | karom | karjaim |
2nd person sing. | karod | karjaid |
3rd person sing. | karja | karjai |
1st person plural | karunk | karjaink |
2nd person plural | karotok | karjaitok |
3rd person plural | karjuk | karjaik |
Derived terms
Noun
kar (plural karok)
- faculty (scholarly staff at colleges or universities; usually preceded by the adjective denoting the members, e.g. tanári kar (“teaching staff”))
- faculty (department at a university, e.g. that of arts, science, or law)
- Meronym: tanszék
- a group of people performing together (choir, chorus, chorus line, ensemble, etc.)
Usage notes
These two nouns are almost completely homonymous except for the third person single-object possessive forms and all multiple-object possessive forms, the first one (with the sense "arm") having an extra -j- between the root and the possessive ending.
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kar | karok |
accusative | kart | karokat |
dative | karnak | karoknak |
instrumental | karral | karokkal |
causal-final | karért | karokért |
translative | karrá | karokká |
terminative | karig | karokig |
essive-formal | karként | karokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | karban | karokban |
superessive | karon | karokon |
adessive | karnál | karoknál |
illative | karba | karokba |
sublative | karra | karokra |
allative | karhoz | karokhoz |
elative | karból | karokból |
delative | karról | karokról |
ablative | kartól | karoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
karé | karoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
karéi | karokéi |
Possessive forms of kar | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | karom | karaim |
2nd person sing. | karod | karaid |
3rd person sing. | kara | karai |
1st person plural | karunk | karaink |
2nd person plural | karotok | karaitok |
3rd person plural | karuk | karaik |
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “karı:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 644-645
- Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume I, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 492-494
- kar in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- Fedotov, M. R. (1996) “kar”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), volume II, Cheboksary: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities, page 361
Further reading
- (arm, lever): kar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (faculty; ensemble): kar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Anagrams
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʰaːr/
- Rhymes: -aːr
Declension
Derived terms
Noun
kar n (genitive singular kars, nominative plural kör)
- (colloquial, North America) car, automobile
Declension
Synonyms
Related terms
- (colloquial, North American) strítkar (“streetcar”)
K'iche'
Latvian
Ngarrindjeri
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Old Norse karl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz.
Usage notes
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Danish kar, from Old Norse ker, in the sense of blood vessels influenced by Latin vas.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑːr/
Etymology 1
From Old Norse karl, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz. Doublet of kall.
Etymology 2
From Old Norse ker, from Proto-Germanic *kazą. Doublet of kjer.
References
- “kar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kar/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ar
- Syllabification: kar
Etymology 1
Borrowed from German Kar, from Middle High German kar, from Old High German char, from Proto-Germanic *kazą.
Declension
Derived terms
- karowy
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Romani
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit *काट (kāṭa).[1] Cognate with Hindi काढ़ (kāṛh), Gujarati કાડ (kāḍ), Sindhi 𑊺𑋠𑋊𑋣 (kāṛu), Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘚 (kāḍ).[1][2]
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*kāṭa2”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 154
- Boretzky, Norbert, Igla, Birgit (1994) “kar¹”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 135b
- Andrea Scala (2020) “Romani Lexicon”, in Yaron Matras, Anton Tenser, editors, The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 92
Sumerian
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse ker, from Proto-Germanic *kazą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɑːr/
- Homophone: karl
Declension
Declension of kar | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | kar | karet | kar | karen |
Genitive | kars | karets | kars | karens |
Derived terms
- badkar
- brunnskar
- bykkar
- garvkar
- karbad
- laxkar
- mjödkar
- mäskkar
- plåtkar
- rökelsekar
- saltkar
- sköljkar
- smörjelsekar
- träkar
- öskar
References
- kar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- kar in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- kar in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- kar in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkaɾ/ [ˈkʰɑɾ̞̊]
Etymology 1
From Ottoman Turkish قار (kar, “snow”), from Proto-Turkic *kār, *Kiār (“snow”). Compare Old Turkic 𐰴𐰺 (kar, “snow”), Proto-Mongolic *karig (“strong coldness”).
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | kar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | kar | karlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | karı | karları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | kara | karlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | karda | karlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | kardan | karlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | karın | karların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Derived terms
- kar tanesi
- kardan adam (“snowman”)
- karlı
- karlık
- karlılık
- karsız
- karsızlık
Further reading
- “kar”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
Uzbek
Derived terms
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian kere, from Proto-Germanic *kuziz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to test, taste, choose”).
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kar”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011